UV 처리에 의한 T-OLED용 산화전극에 적합한 Ag 박막연구: Nano-Mechanics 특성 분석을 중심으로

이규영,김수인,김주영,권구은,강용욱,손지원,전진웅,김민철,이창우,Lee, Kyu Young,Kim, Soo In,Kim, Joo Young,Kwon, Ku Eun,Kang, Yong Wook,Son, Ji Won,Jeon, Jin Woong,Kim, Min Chul,Lee, Chang Woo 한국진공학회 2012 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.21 No.6

Ag (silver)의 일함수는 T-OLED (Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diode)의 전극소자로 사용하기에는 다소 낮다는 단점이 있다(~4.3 eV). 이러한 단점을 해결하기 위한 대안으로 Ag 박막의 표면을 플라즈마, UV, 열처리를 통하여 일함수를 높이는 연구가 진행되어 왔다(~5.0 eV). 하지만 현재의 대부분 연구는 후 처리된 박막의 일함수에 초점을 맞춰 연구가 진행되어, 박막의 mechanical property에 대한 연구는 매우 부족하며 이는 T-OLED의 효율과 수명 등의 연구에 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 Ag와 $AgO_x$ 박막의 mechanical property에 초점을 맞춰 분석을 실시하였다. Ag는 유리기판 위에 rf-magnetron sputter를 이용하여 100 W의 power에서 150 nm 두께로 증착되었다. 증착된 박막은 UV 램프를 이용하여 다양한 시간동안 UV 처리되었다(0~9분). 본 논문에서는 처리된 박막의 면저항을 측정하고 nano indenter, Scanning Probe Microscopy의 Atomic Force Microscopy mode를 이용하여 mechanical property를 분석하였다. 실험 결과 UV 처리 시간이 3분을 넘어가는 시편과 3분 이내의 시편은 면저항값 및 경도 값에 큰 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 Ag 박막의 후처리에 따른 Ag 물질의 산화 및 결합상태에 따라 박막 내에 존재하는 stress의 영향으로 예상되어진다. The work function of Ag (silver) is too low (~4.3 eV) to be used as an electrode of T-OLED (Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diode). To solve this weakness, researches used plasma-, UV-, or thermal treatment on Ag films in order to increase the work function (~5.0 eV). So, most of studies have focused only on the work function of various treated Ag films, but studies focusing on nanomechanical properties were very important to investigate the efficiency and life time of T-OLED etc. In this paper, we focused on the mechanical properties of the Ag and $AgO_x$ film. The Ag was deposited on a glass substrate with the thickness of 150 nm by using rf-magnetron sputter with the power was fixed at 100 W and working pressure was 3 mTorr. The deposited Ag film was UV treated by UV lamp for several minutes (0~9 min). We measured the sheet resistance and mechanical property of the deposited film. From the experimental result, there were some differences of the sheet resistance and surface hardness of Ag thin film between short time (0~3 min) and long time UV treatment. These result presumed that the induced stress was taken place by the surface oxidation after UV treatment.

Stress-Strain curve를 이용한 W-C-N 확산방지막 물성 특성 연구

이규영,김수인,박상재,이동관,정용록,정준,이종림,이창우,Lee, Kyu-Young,Kim, Soo-In,Park, Sang-Jae,Lee, Dong-Kwan,Jeong, Yong-Rok,Jung, Jun,Lee, Jong-Rim,Lee, Chang-Woo 한국진공학회 2011 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.20 No.4

본 연구에서는 W (Tungsten)를 주 구성 물질로 불순물 C (Carbon)과 N (Nitrogen)을 첨가한 W-C-N 확산방지막 시편을 제조하였고, $N_2$가스의 유량을 변화시키면서 확산방지막을 제조하여 각각의 시료에 대하여 $600^{\circ}C$열처리를 하였다. 실험 결과 질소유량의 변화에 따라 시편의 탄소성 구간층의 물성 변화율이 시편의 탄성구간보다 큰 것을 알아냈다. 이는 질소 가스의 유량 변화가 시편의 탄소성 구간에 더욱 직접적으로 연관이 되었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 각 시료는 16회 연속 압입 실험을 실시하여 Stress-strain curve를 통하여 질소 가스의 유량이 2 sccm인 박막의 분산이 적음을 알아냈고, 연속압입을 통하여 얻어진 상항복점의 표준 편차 역시 질소 가스의 유량이 2 sccm인 박막이 가장 적다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Stress-strain curve 분산과 상항복점의 Stress 값의 표준 편차의 크기로 부터 박막의 안정도를 예상할 수 있었으며, 이 결과로부터 W-C-N 박막은 질소 유량에 따라 박막의 안정도가 변화하는 것을 알았다. This paper suggest tungsten (W)-carbon (C)-nitrogen (N) thin films for diffusion barrier that W is main material and C and N are additives. W-C-N thin films are deposited with fixed rates of W and C but with a variation of $N_2$ gas flow and W-C-N thin films are heated at $600^{\circ}C$. From the experimental results, the variation of elastoplastic region for W-C-N thin film measured by tribological property is larger than that of elastic region with a variation of $N_2$ gas flow. These results show that the $N_2$ gas flow is more directly related with the elastoplastic region of W-C-N thin film. Nanoindenting test executed 16 times consecutively and we got the stress-strain curve graphs and hardness datas at each sample. Through the stress-strain curve graphs, the standard diviation of stress-strain curve for $N_2$ gas flow rate of 2.0 sccm is smaller than that of 0, 0.5, 1.5 sccm. Consequently, the physical stability of W-C-N thin film depends on the flow rate of $N_2$ gas.

압입속도의 변화에 따른 탄성계수와 경도의 오차 연구

이규영,이찬빈,김수인,이창우,Lee, Kyu-Young,Lee, Chan-Bin,Kim, Soo-In,Lee, Chang-Woo 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.5

나노 소재의 물성을 측정하기 위하여 대부분의 연구 그룹에서는 크게 두 가지 분석 기법인 분광학을 이용한 분석과 나노트라이볼로지를 이용한 분석을 사용하고 있다. 분광학을 이용한 분석에는 NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), IR (Infrared Spectroscopy), Raman 등이 대표적이라 할 수 있고, 나노트라이볼로지를 이용한 분석에는 AFM (Atomic Force Micro-Scope), EFM (Electrostatic Force Microscope), KFM (Kelvin Force Microscope), Nanoindenter 등의 탐침을 이용한 측정 기법이 대표적이다. Nanoindenter는 물질의 탄성 및 경도를 측정 할 수 있으며 이를 통해 물질의 특성을 연구 하는 데에 사용된다. 그러나 이런 Nanoindenter의 압입 실험에서 압입 조건 등의 통제 변수가 다르면 그 결과 값도 바뀌는 것을 볼 수 있는데 본 실험에서는 이런 압입 조건 중 Load - Hold - Unload force의 속도 및 시간을 변화시켜 물질의 탄성계수와 경도가 어떠한 차이를 가지는지 연구하였다. Most research groups used two analysis methods (spectroscopy and nanotribology) to measure the mechanical properties of nano-materials: NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), IR (Infrared Spectroscopy), Raman Spectroscopy as the spectroscopy method and AFM (Atomic Force MicroScope), EFM (Electrostatic Force Microscope), KFM (Kelvin Force Microscope), Nanoindenter as the nanotribological one. Among these, the nano-indentation technique particularly has been recognized as a powerful method to measure the elastic modulus and the hardness. However, this technique are prone to considerable measurement errors with pressure conditions during measurement. In this paper, we measured the change of elastic modulus and hardness of an Al single crystal with the change of load, hold, and unload time, respectively. We found that elastic modulus and hardness significantly depend on load, hold, and unload time, etc. As the indent time was shortened, the elastic modulus value decreased while the hardness value increased. In addition, we found that elastic modulus value was more sensitive to indent load, hold, and unload time than the hardness value. We speculate that measurement errors of the elastic modulus and the hardness originate from the residual stress during indenting test. From our results, the elastic modulus was more susceptible to the residual stress than the hardness. Thus, we find that the residual stress should be controlled for the minimum measurement errors during the indenting test.

활택방법에 따른 도재표면의 거칠기 비교

이규영,이청희,조광헌,Lee, Kyu-Young,Lee, Chung-Hee,Jo, Kwang-Hun 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.3

This study was designed to compare the smoothness by glazing method with that by polishing method after 48 specimens of Ceramco II block, one of porcelain materials used for PFM, were baked according to the manufacturer's directions. The specimens were roughened with new green stone at 15,000rpm for 30 seconds and sandblasted with $25{\mu}$aluminum oxide for 15 seconds. They were divided into 4 groups at random, and 4 groups were prepared as follows : Group I : specimens were autoglazed and overpolished with polishing system. Group II : specimens were polished with only polishing system. Group III : specimens were glazed after adding glazing liquid, vitachrom 'L'-fluid (vita zahnfabrik co. Germany) to the rough surface Group V : specimens were just autoglazed Using the surface roughness tester, Ra, Rmax. and Rz were estimated 5 times per specimen, and recording process of mean value was repeated 3 times. The results were as follows : 1. The Ra of group I and group II was lower than group III and group IV (p<001). 2. There was lower value of Rz in group I and group II than group III and group IV (p<001). 3. The Rmax of group I (overpolished with polishing system after autoglazing) and group II (polished with only polishing system) was lower than group III (glazed after adding glazing liquid) and group IV (autoglazed) (p<001). 4. There was not a statistically significant difference between group I and II and between group III and IV (p>001). 5. The roughness was increase in order of group I, II, III, IV in SEM

약물유전체학과 정신분열병

이규영,정인원,Lee, Kyu Young,Chung, In Won 대한생물정신의학회 2001 생물정신의학 Vol.8 No.2

The pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia exhibits wide inter-individual variabilities in clinical efficacy and adverse effects. Recently, human genetic diversity has been known as one of the essential factors to the variation in human drug response. This suggests that drug therapy should be tailored to the genetic characteristics of the individual. Pharmacogenetics is the field of investigation that attempts to elucidate genetic basis of an individual's responses to pharmacotherapy, considering drug effects divided into two categories as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The emerging field of pharmacogenomics, which focuses on genetic determinants of drug response at the level of the entire human genome, is important for development and prescription of safer and more effective individually tailored drugs and will aid in understanding how genetics influence drug response. In schizophrenia, pharmacogenetic studies have shown the role of genetic variants of the cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2A1 in the metabolism of antipsychotic drugs. At the level of drug targets, variants of the dopamine $D_2$, $D_3$ and $D_4$, and 5-$HT_{2A}$ and 5-$HT_{2C}$ receptors have been examined. The pharmacogenetic studies in schizophrenia presently shows controversial findings which may be related to the multiple involvement of genes with relatively small effects and to the lack of standardized phenotypes. For further development in the pharmacogenomics of schizophrenia, there would be required the extensive outcome measures and definitions, and the powerful new tools of genomics, proteomics and so on.

Silicone Index Tooth Tray를 이용한 인상체의 체적안정성에 대한 연구

이규영,정승미,심준성,최병갑,이근우,Lee Kyu-Young,Jeong Seung-Mi,Shim June-Sung,Choi Byung-Gap,Lee Keun-Woo 대한치과보철학회 2005 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Statement of problem: Silicone Index Tooth Tray impression system which does not use gingicord has a shortcoming. It takes time to remove internal wall of Silicone Index Tooth Tray for space of wash impression material. Purpose: This study was to evaluate whether providing certain space to impression body can prevent from doing complicated laboratory work. Material and methods: After mounting metal dies with shoulder and chamfer margins arbiturarily, SITT was produced using $Blu-mousse^(R)$. In one experimental group, wash impression was taken using $Fit-tester^(R)$ without removing interior surface of SITT and in the other group, wash impression was taken using $Fit-tester^(R)$ providing 0.5mm space in the SITT and then compared the differences in two groups. Results: 1. There was no significant difference between a group which did not allow space and a group which granted equal 0.5mm space. 2. There was no significant difference between gingival diameter, occlusal diameter of metal die that has shoulder margin and gingival diameter, occlusal diameter of metal die that has chamfer margin. 3. There was no significant difference between a group which did not take pick-up impression and a group which took pick-up impression through relining method using SITT 4. There was no significant difference between a group that poured immediately after taking primary impression and a group that poured after removing poured stone die. Conclusions: When taking an impression of an abutment using SITT impression system, it is considered to obtain clinically identical results between a group that did not grant a 0.5mm space within SITT for wash impression and a group which invest a space. Furthermore, it is considered possible to produce an individual die through secondary pouring.

기업의 사회적 책임(CSR) 개념의 재정립과 구조화

이규영 ( Kyu Young Lee ),곽재성 ( Jae Sung Kwak ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2015 社會科學硏究 Vol.41 No.3

기업의 사회적 책임(이하 CSR)이란 용어가 일반적으로 사용되지만 기업은 사회공헌활동과 기업의 사회적 책임을 혼용하여 사용함에 따라 많은 기업들이 사회공헌활동으로 사회적 책임을 모두 수행했다고 간주하며 인권, 노동, 환경 문제 등의 포괄적인 관점에서의 사회적 책임은 중요하게 인식하지 않는다. 본 연구는 이러한 현상에서 비롯된 사회적 책임의 개념을 재정의함으로써, 기업이 추구해야 할 사회적 책임의 범위와 내용을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 분석을 위해 Carroll이 제시한 모델을 바탕으로 경제적 책임, 법적책임, 윤리적 책임, 자선적 책임의 정의와 세부내용을 설명하였다. 기업의 경제적 책임은 기업의 사회속에서의 역할을 의미하고, 법적.윤리적 책임은 기업의 의무, 자선적 책임은 의무적 선택으로 설명할 수 있으며, 결국 기업의 책임은 기업의 지속가능성을 위한 필수조건이며, 또한 사회가 기업에게 요구하는 것은 부가적 활동의 CSR이 아니라, 책임 있는 기업이 되는 것이고, 이것이 결국 기업이 사회에게 선한 영향력을 줄 수 있는 모습이다. 이는 빌 게이츠나 마이클 포터가 주창하는 ‘창조적 자본주의’와 ‘공유가치창출(CSV)’도 이런 차원에서 기존의 자본주의에 대한 관점의 변화임을 의미한다. Corporate social responsibility (hereafter CSR) is a term commonly used, but many businesses tend to consider their social responsibilities by only conducting philanthropic activities. This originates from the misunderstanding of corporate social responsibility. This study redefines the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and its scope and contents in detail. Based on Carroll`s pyramid model, CSR can be classified into three categories: economic responsibility, legal and ethical responsibility, and philanthropic responsibility. Economic responsibility undertakes a functional role in the society, legal and ethical responsibility is the basic compliance, philanthropic responsibility is a corporate strategy. After all, three kinds of responsibilities are prerequisite for the sustainability of the company. The society expects a company to be responsible, not just undertaking CSR as additional activities. This holistic change of company will give powerful momentum to influence the society. Like Bill Gates and Michael Porter argued in their theories of ``Creative Capitalism`` and ``Creating Shared Value(CSV)``, the perspective on capitalism has to be changed into socially responsible way.

독일의 공적개발협력

이규영(Lee, Kyu Young) 한국외국어대학교 동유럽발칸연구소 2013 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.37 No.-

독일의 공적개발협력은 독일의 분단 직후부터 기원한다. 독일의 공적개발협력은 현실주의적 관점에서 시작하였으나, 통일 이후 인류의 보편적 가치를 강조하는 입장으로 선회하였다. 다만 국가이익의 구현이라는 측면은 다른 나라들과 마찬가지로 완전히 배제할 수 없다. 독일 공적개발협력의 유형은 양자간 협력을 위주로 실행하되, 유럽연합을 포함한 다자간 협력도 병행하고 있다. 이러한 협력유형은 아시아의 경우에도 그대로 적용되며, 아시아를 보는 독일의 관점은 매우 복합적인 특성을 보인다. Germany's Official Development policy began after its division. While Germany's official development cooperation based on realistic point of view at the beginning, it was changed gradually into the new dimension emphasizing on universal values of human society. Germany's official development cooperations are conducting mainly by two types, i.e. bilateral cooperation and multilateral cooperation (including cooperation through the European Union). These types have been adapted also in Asia and the Germany's official development cooperation toward Asia has been characterized by complicated features which are different from those cases which are implemented in other continents.

독일연방주의와 지방자치

이규영(Young Lee Kyu) 한국유럽학회 2002 유럽연구 Vol.16 No.-

체제전환 이후 동유럽국가 여성의 정치 참여 : 의회에서의 여성 대표성을 중심으로

이규영(Lee Kyu-Young),김경미(Kim Kyung-Mi) 한국정치정보학회 2010 정치정보연구 Vol.13 No.1

본 논문은 체제전환 이후 동유럽 국가의 의회에서 여성의 대표성을 중심으로 동유럽 여성의 정치참여를 분석하는 데에 목적이 있다. 의회에서 여성의 대표성은 대의민주주의가 심화되면서 여성 정치참여의 주요 척도가 되고 있기 때문이다. 체제전환 이후 동유럽 국가들의 의회에서 여성 대표성은 다음과 같은 특성을 보인다. 첫째, 사회주의 하에서의 높았던 여성의 정치적 대표성이 체제전환기에 모든 동유럽국가에서 급락했다. 둘째, 여성 대표율의 정도와 체제전환의 속도는 직접적인 상관관계를 보이고 있지 않다. 셋째, 대부분의 국가에서 1990년대 중반 이후 완만하기는 하지만 여성의원의 비율이 상승하고 있다. 동유럽 국가들은 대체적으로 여성에게 유리한 비례대표제나 소선거구/비례대표 혼합선거제를 시행하고 있으며 슬로베니아만이 여성할당을 법적 강제조항으로 갖고 있다. 일부 정당들은 자발적 여성할당제를 실시하고 있으나 제대로 지켜지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 동유럽 여성의 정치적 대표성은 한국이나 일본과 비교한다면 결코 낮은 수준이 아니다. 따라서 향후 한국에서 여성의 정치참여를 확대하기 위한 다양한 정치제도적 및 사회문화적 노력이 요구된다. The object of this paper is to analyze women’s political participation since system transition focusing on women’s representation in parliament of Eastern European countries. Women’s representation in parliament has become a key indicator of women’s political participation, as representative democracy is being intensified. Women’s representation in parliament in Eastern Europe since system transition shows the following features: Firstly, higher women’s political representation under socialist system drastically declined in the process of system transition in all countries of Eastern Europe. Secondly, there is no direct correlation between the degree of women’s representation’s rate and the velocity of system transition. Thirdly, the percentage of women elected to parliament has been gradually increasing after the mid-1990s in most of the countries. Eastern European countries on the whole implement proportional representation system or mixed election systems favorable to women and only Slovenia holds gender quota system to obligations. Some of political parties implement voluntary gender quota system but it is rarely enforced. However, women’s political representation of Eastern European countries is not low at all compared to Korea or Japan. Thus various political institutional and socio-cultural efforts are required to expand women’s political participation in Korea in the future.