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용담댐 유역에서 식생 이질성이 FLO-2D 유량 산정에 미치는 영향
송호준 ( Hojun Song ),이길하 ( Khil-ha Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.2
Two main sources of data, meteorological data and land surface characteristics, are essential to effectively run a distributed rainfall-runoff model. The specification and averaging of the land surface characteristics in a suitable way is crucial to obtaining accurate runoff output. Recent advances in remote sensing techniques are often being used to derive better representations of these land surface characteristics. Due to the mismatch in scale between digital land cover maps and numerical grid sizes, issues related to upscaling or downscaling occur regularly. A specific method is typically selected to average and represent the land surface characteristics. This paper examines the amount of flooding by applying the FLO-2D routing model, where vegetation heterogeneity is manipulated using the Manning’s roughness coefficient. Three different upscaling methods, arithmetic, dominant, and aggregation, were tested. To investigate further, the rainfall-runoff model with FLO-2D was facilitated in Yongdam catchment and heavy rainfall events during wet season were selected. The results show aggregation method provides better results, in terms of the amount of peak flow and the relative time taken to achieve it. These rwsults suggest that the aggregation method, which is a reasonably realistic description of area-averaged vegetation nature and characteristics, is more likely to occur in reality.
Stick Type Ignition Coil Jacket PET의 접촉응력 해석
송호준(Hojun Song),김남수(Namsu Kim),김양술(Yangsul Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2002 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2002 No.11
Stick type ignition coil is new development that connect directly with ECU< without needing a spark plug cable and distributor, Stick type ignition coil jacket is using PBT GF30 resin. PBT GF30 resin is a kind of electric insulation which is a superior engineering plastic that is used to prevent the leakage of the electrical current. If PET receive a mistake of design or excessive force when HV terminal oppress on jacket, it can happen to crack. When it is cracked, it can allow a leakage of the electrical current. So, in this study, We analyze the contact stress using ANSYS program, when HV terminal oppress on jacket. We compared the use of PBT and PET.
치면열구전색제의 산부식 시간과 접착제 유무에 따른 미세인장결합강도 평가
심서윤,송호준,양선미,김재환,김선미,최남기,Shim, Seoyoun,Song, Hojun,Yang, Sunmi,Kim, Jaehwan,Kim, Seonmi,Choi, Namki 대한소아치과학회 2018 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.45 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 산부식 시간과 접착제 적용에 따른 유구치 치면열구전색제의 미세인장 결합강도를 평가하여 비교하는 것이다. 40개의 발거된 건전한 하악 유구치를 선정하여 산부식을 시행하지 않은 군과 산부식을 각각 15, 30, 60초 시행한 군으로 분류하였다. 이를 다시 접착제를 적용하지 않은 군과 적용한 군으로 나누었다. 각 군의 치아에 치면열구 전색제를 도포하여 시편을 제작한 후 미세인장 결합강도를 측정하였다. 산부식을 시행한 15, 30, 60초에 따라 미세인장 결합강도는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 전색제를 적용하기 전에 접착제를 적용한 경우가 산부식만 시행한 경우보다 더 높은 결합강도를 보였으며(p < 0.05), 산부식 시간에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로, 유구치의 교합면 법랑질에서 산부식 시간이 15초 이상이면 전색제의 미세인장 결합강도는 유의하게 증가하지 않았으며, 치면열구전색제 도포 전에 접착제를 적용하는 것은 결합강도를 증가시켰다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of etching time and bonding agents on bond strength of sealant applied to the occlusal surface of primary molars. Forty non-carious exfoliated human primary molars were included in the study. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups for measurement. For group I, no acid etching treatment was used. For group II, III, and IV, acid etching gels were applied on the occlusal surface for 15, 30, and 60 seconds, respectively. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups; one group was treated with bonding agents on the enamel while the other was not. Microtensile bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine. There were no statistically significant differences in bond strength with varying duration of etching among groups. The results revealed that the use of bonding agents prior to application of fissure sealant increased the bond strength(p < 0.05). It could be concluded that etching time greater than 15 seconds does not significantly enhance the bond strength, but the use of bonding agents as an intermediate layer between the primary molar and fissure sealant would be beneficial in increasing the bond strength.
STICK TYPE IGNITION COIL 용 자켓의 억지끼워맞춤시 접촉응력
김남수(Namsu Kim),송호준(Hojun Song),김양술(Yangsul Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2002 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2002 No.11
Stick Type Ignition Coil(Called a Cigar Coil) is a kind of transformer for an automobile modularized of distributor<br/> and electric cable. A material of Cigar Coil is PBT GF30% resin. This is an excellent engineering plastic with both<br/> mechanical and electrical properties. When we insert an HV terminal into the PBT GF30% resin jacket, it breaks the<br/> jacket, because the HV terminal is bigger than the jacket. It’s a fatal on durability of a part. In the study, we used<br/> ANSYS FEM tool in order to stress analysis by contact. In order to automatically estimate passable maximum<br/> diameter of an HV terminal, we used an APDL. In the contact part, we considered the relation of the HV terminal’s<br/> diameter with the amount of stress that occurred. This relation is able to be applied, in part, to the dimensions of the<br/> part design.
마이크로버블과 환원제를 이용한 습식 NO 및 SO₂의 동시제거
송동훈(Dong Hun Song),강조홍(Jo Hong Kang),박현식(Hyun Sic Park),송호준(Hojun Song),정용철(Yongchul G. Chung) 한국청정기술학회 2021 청정기술 Vol.27 No.4
연소시설에서는 화석연료에 포함된 질소와 황이 산소와 반응하여 대기 오염물질인 질소산화물(NOX)과 황산화물(SOX)을 발생시킨다. 인체에 유해하고 환경 오염을 야기하는 NOX, SOX를 저감하기 위해 전세계적으로 환경규제를 시행 중이며, 규제를 충족하기 위해 다양한 기술들을 적용하고 있다. 상용화된 NOX 및 SOX 저감방식들로 SCR (selective catalytic reduction), SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction), WFGD (wet flue gas desulfurization) 등이 있으나 이 방식들의 단점들 때문에 NOX, SOX를 동시제거하는 연구가 근래 많이 수행되고 있다. 그러나 NOX, SOX 동시 제거 방식에서도 산화제 및 흡수제로 인한 폐수 발생에 대한 문제점, 특정 산화제를 활성화 하기 위한 촉매 및 전기분해 사용에 따른 비용 발생, 마지막으로 기체 산화제들 자체 유해성의 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 NOX, SOX 동시처리 방식의 단점들을 보완하고자 고압분산기에서 생성된 마이크로버블과 환원제를 이용하여 비용절감 및 폐수처리 시 환경부하저감 가능성을 확인해 하고자 하였다. 분산기가 마이크로버블을 생성하는 것을 이미지 프로세싱과 ESR (electron spin resonance) 분석을 통해 확인하였으며, 마이크로 버블만을 이용하여 온도에 따른 NOX, SOX 제거율 성능 테스트도 진행하였다. 뿐만 아니라 폐수를 저감하기 위해 환원제와 마이크로버블을 이용하여 습식으로 NOX 제거율 약 75%, SOX 제거율 99%를 달성하였다. 본 마이크로버블 시스템에 산화제를 함께 투여할 경우 NOX, SOX제거율 모두 99%이상을 달성 하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 습식산화제거방식을 적용하는 시설의 단점이었던 비용 및 환경 문제를 해결함에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대 된다. In combustion facilities, the nitrogen and sulfur in fossil fuels react with oxygen to generate air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur oxides (SOX), which are harmful to the human body and cause environmental pollution. There are regulations worldwide to reduce NOX and SOX, and various technologies are being applied to meet these regulations. There are commercialized methods to reduce NOX and SOX emissions such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR), selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), but due to the disadvantages of these methods, many studies have been conducted to simultaneously remove NOX and SOX. However, even in the NOX and SOX simultaneous removal methods, there are problems with wastewater generation due to oxidants and absorbents, costs incurred due to the use of catalysts and electrolysis to activate specific oxidants, and the harmfulness of gas oxidants themselves. Therefore, in this research, microbubbles generated in a high-pressure disperser and reducing agents were used to reduce costs and facilitate wastewater treatment in order to compensate for the shortcomings of the NOX, SOX simultaneous treatment method. It was confirmed through image processing and ESR (electron spin resonance) analysis that the disperser generates real microbubbles. NOX and SOX removal tests according to temperature were also conducted using only microbubbles. In addition, the removal efficiencies of NOX and SOX are about 75% and 99% using a reducing agent and microbubbles to reduce wastewater. When a small amount of oxidizing agent was added to this microbubble system, both NOX and SOX removal rates achieved 99% or more. Based on these findings, it is expected that this suggested method will contribute to solving the cost and environmental problems associated with the wet oxidation removal method.