동편제 심청가의 전승 양상과 특징 - 박봉술 바디를 중심으로

백현호 한국전통문화대학교 한국전통문화연구소 2013 한국전통문화연구 Vol.12 No.-

본 논문에서는 동편제 심청가의 전승 양상과 특징을 밝히기 위해 현재 전승은 끊겼지만 음 원으로 남아있는 박록주 , 박봉술의 소리 중 박봉술 심청가를 통해 동편제 심청가의 전승 양상과 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 동편제ㆍ서편제ㆍ강산제의 유파별 심청가 전 승 양상을 살피고, 그 중 박봉술의 판소리 학습 과정과 연구되어 있는 자료 검토를 통해 박 봉술 심청가의 전승 현황을 살폈다. 다음으로 심청가 중 눈 대목으로 극적인 전개와 계면,우조,평조의 음악적 특징이 모 두 들어있는<범피중류>부터<심청이 인당수에 빠지는>대목까지의 네 대목을 선정하여 사설을 검토하고,대목별로 악조,종지형 분석 등을 통해 박봉술 심청가의 음악적 특징을 살펴보았다.그 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫째,박봉술의 예술 세계와 소리 계보를 살펴보았을 때 박봉술의 소리는‘송흥록-송 우룡-송만갑’으로 내려오는 전형적인 동편제 소리이며,다섯 바탕 소리를 모두 동편제로 배웠고,심청가를 제외한 나머지 소리는 아버지 박만조,형 박봉래, 스승 송만갑에게 사사 받았으며,유일하게 심청가는 동편제 명창 이선유에게 사사 받았다.그러므로 박봉술의 심 청가는 다른 소리가 첨삭되지 않은 동편제 소리로 볼 수 있었다. 둘째,현재 박봉술이 남긴 유일한 심청가 음원인 신세기 레코-드 주식회사의 <신세기 SLN10622, 1cp 심청가-박봉술>에는 <범피중류> 부터 <화초타령> 대목까지의 아홉 대목 이 들어있다. 박봉술 심청가의 대목 구성과 타 유파와의 사설 비교를 통해 분석한 결과 박 봉술 심청가의<범피중류>대목부터<화초타령>대목까지의 대목 구성이 서편제 열한 대 목, 강산제 열한 대목에 비해 사설의 양과 대목 구성은 아홉 대목으로 더 적지만 뺑덕이네 의 행실 대목이 타 유파에서는 대부분<화초타령>대목 이후이거나 바로 전 대목인데 비해 박봉술의 심청가에서는<심청이 수정궁 입궁>대목 바로 다음에 등장하여 뒤에 일어날 상 황에 대해 기대감을 주고 흥미를 유발하였다. 박봉술 심청가 사설의 특징은 자세한 상황 묘사나 인물에 대한 묘사가 많이 제외되어 있으며 판소리 특유의 해학미를 드러내는데 있 어도 여러 가지 한자 어구의 비유나 설명보다는 직접적인 비속어로 해결하는 경우가 많다. 이러한 성격으로 인물이나 사건 풍경의 모습은 다른 창본들에 비해 빈약하고 다만 그 내 용에 들어가야 할 중심적인 부분만 삽입하여 흐름을 깨지지 않게 하고 있었다. 셋째, 악조와 종지형을 분석한 결과 박봉술 심청가의 주된 음악적 특징으로는 우조길 과 계면길 중심으로 진행되나 시김새에 있어 화려한 수식기교를 쓰지 않고, 담백하게 소리 를 구사하여 감정을 지나치지 않게 억제하여 표현한다는 점이다. 붙임새에 있어서는 대마 디 대장단이 주가 되나 부분적으로 잉어걸이와 엇붙임을 사용하여 소리의 지루함을 피하 고,다양한 표현을 하고 있다.종지형에 있어서 정격종지와 변격종지의 두 가지 종지형이 쓰였는데 대목별 선율이나 감정에 따라 확연한 차이를 보였다. <범피중류> 대목 같은 평·우조의 소리에서는 같은 음으로 종지하는 변격종지가 주로 쓰였으며, <심청이 인당수 빠 지는>대목 같은 계면이 중심인 소리에서는 정격종지가 많이 쓰였다.하지만 이도 종지의 형태일 뿐 박봉술의 심청가에서는 화려한 감정의 표현보다는 적당한 감정표현과 다양한 리듬감을 주고 되도록 계면을 절제하여 표현하는 양상을 보였다. This research is intended to explore the transmission patterns and distinctive features of Dongpyeonje Shimchungga performed by Park Bong-sul, whose performance records still remain, along with those of Park Rok-ju, although the transmission has halted. To achieve the research goal, the transmission patterns of Shimchungga of Dongpyeonje, Seopyeonje, and Gangsanje were separately explored, and the transmission status of Park Bong-sul Shimchungga was examined by reviewing the researched data and the singer Park Bong-sul's Pansori learning process. Next, four passages of Shimchungga were selected, including <Bumpi Joongryu> that contains dramatic description as the feature scene of Shimchungga as well as the melodious features of Gaemyun, Woojo and Pyeongjo and <Shimchung falls into the Indangsu>, for analysis of narration, and the musical features of Park Bong-sul Shimchungga were examined through analysis of tone and structures by passage. The research results are as follows. First of all, the musical characteristics of Park Bong-sul and traditional performance patterns showed that Park Bong-sul represents the traditional Dongpyeonje song that has been passed down by Song Heung-rok, Song Woo-ryong, and Song Man-gap. In addition, the basic five songs included were learned through Dongpyeonje, and other songs except Shimchungga were learned from father Park man-jo, older brother Park Bong-rae, and mentor Song Man-gap, and only Shimchungga was learned from renowned Dongpyeonje singer Lee Sun-you. Therefore, Park Bong-sul Shimchungga can be considered as original Dongpyeonje song with no other songs included. Second, the only remaining Shimchungga performance record of Park Bong-sul, <Shinsegi SLN10622, 1cp Shimchungga-Park Bong-sul>of Shinsegi Record Corp. contains nine passages ranging from <Bumpi Joongryu> to <Whacho Taryung (Flower Ballad)>. The analysis of Park Bong-sul Shimchungga passages compared with other schools revealed the following: Whereas Park Bong-sul Shimchungga had nine passages from <Bumpi Joongryu> to <Whacho Taryung> including narrations, Seopyeonje and Gangsanje each had eleven passages. However, while the passage describing the deeds of Ppaengdeok appears after or right before <Whacho Taryung> in other schools, it appears right after the passage <Shimchung enters the Soojung Palace> in the Park Bong-sul Shimchungga, triggering suspense and garnering more interest. The characteristics of Park Bong-sul Shimchungga narrations are the following: Detailed description of situations and characters are omitted, and the unique humor of Pansori is delivered primarily through slangs or derogatory terms, rather than various metaphors through Chinese idioms or explanations. As a result, the descriptions of people, situations and sceneries were relatively weak compared to other performances of the same kind; however the overall flow was adequate with timely key points in place. Third, the analysis of tones and structures showed that the main musical features of Park Bong-sul Shimchungga revolves around Woojo Gil and Gaemyun Gil. However, sophisticated techniques were spared in the embellishment tones, and expression of emotions were too weak. The additional embellishment techniques revolve around primary bars and rhythms, but monotonousness of songs were avoided by partially using the techniques called Engahguree and Eutbuchim, and the descriptions were done in a variety of different ways. In terms of structures, two different types were used: constant structure and changing structure. They were used in very different ways depending on the melody or emotions of each passage. For example, the changing structure was mainly used for Pyungjo and Woojo for passages such as <Bumpi Joongryu>, but the constant structure was primarily used for passages focused on Gaemyun such as <Shimchung falls into the Indangsu>. However, the overall style of Park Bong-sul Shimchungga featured moderate emotional expressions, diverse rhythms, and fairly moderate usage of Gaemyun, rather than splendid emotional expressions.

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose-graft-Poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) Particles by Resin-fortified Emulsion Polymerization

백현호,이정민,조지은,조진훈,김중현,정인우 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.1

This article describes the preparation and characterization of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-graftpoly(ethylacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) particles [HPMC-g-poly(EA-co-MMA) NPs]. The particles were prepared by resin-fortified emulsion polymerization using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN). In this study, a series of HPMC-g-poly(EA-co-MMA) NPs were synthesized by varying the CAN : HPMC and HPMC : (EA/MMA) ratios to determine the effects of these variables on the physical properties of HPMC-g-poly(EA-co-MMA) as well as the dissolution behavior of an aspirin tablet, as a model drug. The drug dissolution profiles of the coated tablets were affected significantly by the HPMC : (EA/MMA) molar ratio.

HPMC의 입도에 따른 염산벤라팍신 및 카바마제핀 서방성 정제의 용출 특성

백현호(Hyun Ho Beak),차재욱(Jae Uk Cha),차자현(Ja Hyun Cha),홍준기(Jun Kee Hong),이성완(Sung Wan Lee),고원화(Won Hwa Ko) 한국고분자학회 2012 폴리머 Vol.36 No.3

본 연구는 약물의 용해도에 따른 서방성 용출 거동의 특성을 파악하기 위해 수행되었으며, 이에 따라 고 분자의 입도에 따른 염산벤라팍신과 카바마제핀의 정제를 제조하였다. 사용된 고분자는 경구를 통한 서방성 약 물전달 시스템 설계에 가장 널리 사용되는 히드록시 프로필 메틸셀룰로오스(HPMC)이며, HPMC의 입도 분포 에 따른 팽윤 속도의 차이는 중요한 특성으로 약물의 용출에 큰 영향을 미친다. HPMC 입도에 따른 정제 표면 을 분석하기 위해 SEM을 사용하였으며, 결정학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 DSC를 이용하여 분석하였고, 용출 특 성의 주요 메카니즘을 파악하기 위해 용출 모델식을 적용하였다. 본 연구를 통해 약물의 용해도 및 HPMC의 입 도에 따라 약물의 용출 거동을 조절할 수 있었다. The primary objective of this work is to find the properties of sustained release dissolution pattern depending on solubility of drugs, so venlafaxine HCl and carbamazepine tablets were made by using polymer wich various particle size. Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) has been utilized in this study as an excipient that is one of the most widely used polymers for an oral sustained release formulation, and drug release pattern was strongly influenced by swelling rate depending on particle size of HPMC. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to investigate the surface of tablets with various HPMC particle size, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was employed to investigate the crystallization of drugs in tablets. The release model equation was applied to analyze the main mechanism of drug release pattern. The results demonstrate that drug release pattern is controlled by the drug solubility and HPMC particle size.

HPMC Resin Fortified Poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles Emulsion via in aqueous medium

조지은,백현호,최성욱,김중현 한국공업화학회 2008 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2008 No.-

Topical Delivery of Budesonide Emulsion Particles in the Presence of PEO-PCL-PEO Triblock Copolymers

조진훈,백현호,이정민,김대덕,조희경,정인우,김중현 한국고분자학회 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.12

This article describes the topical delivery and localization of budesonide through the hairless mouse skin. Two poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PCL-PEO) triblock copolymers (T 222 and T 252) having different CL:EO ratios were added in the preparation of budesonide particles stabilized with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Tween 80 under ultrasonication. For comparison, a commercial PEO-PPOPEO triblock copolymer (F68) was studied under the same condition. To demonstrate the effects of the triblock copolymer, the particle size of budesonide emulsion, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release were measured and compared. The budesonide particles stabilized by the triblock copolymers had a diameter of ca. 350 nm with entrapment efficiencies of 66-76%. The In vitro release profiles of all samples showed an initial burst followed by sustained release. The skin penetration and permeation of budesonide were analyzed by using a Frantz diffusion cell. T 222 and T 252 exhibited higher total permeation amounts, but lower budesonide penetration amounts, than F68. The results suggest that the partitioning of budesonide in each skin layer can be adjusted in order to avoid skin thinning and negative immune response arising from the penetration of budesonide in blood vessels.

Core-shell Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/Poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) Microparticles with Doxorubicin to Reduce Initial Burst Release

이상혁,백현호,최성욱,김중현 한국고분자학회 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.12

Monodispersed microparticles with a poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) core and a poly(ethyl 2- cyanoacrylate) (PE2CA) shell were prepared by Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane emulsification to reduce the initial burst release of doxorubicin (DOX). Solution mixtures with different weight ratios of PLGA polymer and E2CA monomer were permeated under pressure through an SPG membrane with 1.9 μm pore size into a continuous water phase with sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant. Core-shell structured microparticles were formed by the mechanism of anionic interfacial polymerization of E2CA and precipitation of both polymers. The average diameter of the resulting microparticles with various PLGA:E2CA ratios ranged from 1.42 to 2.73 μm. The morphology and core-shell structure of the microparticles were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The DOX release profiles revealed that the microparticles with an equivalent PLGA:E2CA weight ratio of 1:1 exhibited the optimal condition to reduce the initial burst of DOX. The initial release rate of DOX was dependent on the PLGA:E2CA ratio, and was minimized at a 1:1 ratio.

Methyl methacrylate and ethiyl acrylate Nanoparticles fortified with HPMC by Redox polymerization

조지은,백현호,최성욱,김중현 한국고분자학회 2007 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2007 No.10

콘크리트 시공기술의 비젼

이한승(Han-Seung Lee),백현호(Hyunho Baek),김규동(Gyu-Dong Kim),김광수(Kwang-Soo Kim) 한국콘크리트학회 2013 콘크리트학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Covid-19 대응을 위한 민간환경교육 실행 가이드라인 개발

차수철,조성화,지승현,정호선,박연주,백현호,이다희,이윤미,정숙자 한국환경교육학회 2020 한국환경교육학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2020 No.12

고전서사 2013년 연구동향

홍연표,정선희,왕몽,이경화,양혜승,최영,김영호,김은선,곽문성,백현호,이효녕 고전문학한문학연구학회 2014 고전과 해석 Vol.17 No.-