설립30주년 기념 학술회의 논문집 : 아름다운 사찰 만들기와 사찰조경 ; 전통사찰에서 나타나는 문양에 대한 고찰

백난영 ( Nan Young Paek ),마용우 ( Yong Woo Ma ) 동국대학교 사찰조경연구소 2004 寺刹造景硏究 Vol.10 No.-

미국 초기국가시대 전환기 정원의 특성 -파커 정원, 마운트 버논, 몬티첼로 분석을 중심으로-

백난영 ( Nan Young Paek ),이종성 ( Jong Sung Lee ),김현 ( Hyun Kim ) 한국전통조경학회 2014 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구는 영국 낭만주의 정원과 구별되는 미국 낭만주의 정원의 특성을 밝히기 위한 초기 연구로, 미국 초기 국가시대영국의 낭만주의 정원이 처음 도입되기 시작하여 전환기 정원으로 언급되고 있는 파커정원, 마운트 버논과 몬티첼로 정원을 분석하였다. 분석은 문헌을 통해 시대적 배경, 정원을 조성한 인물, 정형식 정원과 자연주의 정원의 특성 등을 조사하였고, 문헌고찰과 현장답사를 통해 수집된 자료를 중심으로 각 대상지의 공간구조 원리와 정원요소를 중심으로 분석하였다. 공간구조 원리는 직선과 곡선, 노단과 구릉, 가시적 축과 비가시적 축, 대칭과 비대칭, 원근법과 사원근법을 분석인자로 하였다. 분석결과 각 정원은 초기국가 전시대인 식민지 시대 정원에서 보여지는 정형식 정원과 달리 자연주의 정원 즉, 비정형식정원(영국 자연주의 정원) 양식이 공존하였다. 즉, 파카정원은 정형식 정원과 자연주의 정원이 각각의 공간에 계획되어 각각의 공간에 양식적 특성이 잘 나타나고 있었으나 정형식 정원에서 중심축의 계획에 있어서 거주지의 축과 정원의 축이 일치하지 않아 기존의 정형식 정원의 틀에서 벗어났음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 현상과 한 정원 내에 자연주의적 정원이 공존 한다는 사실은 미국 초기 국가시대에 계획되어졌던 정형식 정원 양식이 다른 양식으로 대체된 것을 입증한다. 마운트 버논 정원은 파커정원에서와 같이 각각 다른 공간으로 나뉘어 계획된 것이 아니라 하나의 정원에 두 가지 양식이 서로 조화롭게 혼합되어 계획되어졌다. 구불구불한 산책로가 도입되었으나 중심축에 의한 좌우 대칭을 이루게 하였으며, 동일한 식재를 통해 대칭 등 정형적 계획이 동시에 고려된 것으로 나타났다. 반면 구릉의 테라스, 사원근법을 통한 공간계획 등을 통해 본격적으로 자연주의적 양식이 미국 정원에 정착하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 몬티첼로의 분석결과 자연주의 정원의 대표적 특성인 구불구불한 산책로, 장식농장, 곡선의 화단과 사원근법 등의 원리로 공간이 계획되어 졌으며, 곡선의 화단, 숲과 덤불 형태의 식재 등 정형식 정원의 모습은 거의 찾아 볼 수 없는 영국에서 도입된 자연주의 정원의 특성이 완벽하게 재현된 것을 알 수 있었다. This study is the first stage to identify distinctive characteristics of American Romantic Garden compared to English Romantic Garden. The purpose of the study is to identify characteristics of transitional garden in the early period of America by analyzing of Paca garden, Mount Vernon and Monticello when English Naturalistic Garden was firstly imported. The analysis studied historical background, people who designed garden, formal garden and characteristics of natural garden through reference. Also based on data through reference and field research, spatial configuration and garden factors of each site were analyzed. In spatial configuration, straight line and curve line, formal terrace and natural slope, visible axis and invisible axis, symetric and asymmetric, and perspective and oblique perspectives were used as analyzing factors. As a result of analysis, each garden showed different type from that of formal gardens from colony period, which is natural garden of asymmetric garden(English natural garden) coexisted. Paca garden which planned formal garden and natural garden in each space showed characteristics of each space, but in formal garden residential axis and garden axis does not coincide which shows it is out of formal garden type. Such phenomena and the fact that naturalistic garden coexist in the same garden shows that the formal garden type from early days in US is starting to change in different types. Mount Vernon garden, similar to Paca garden, was designed to have two different types of gardens in harmony rather than divide the space into different space and design it. It adapted serpent walkway but shows symmetric by central axis and considered formalistic plan through same materials. However through terrace in hills and spatial plan of oblique perspective, one could observe that naturalistic type was beginning to settle in US gardens. Through Monticello analysis, space was designed with major characteristics of naturalistic garden which is serpent walkway, ornamental farm, winding flower bed grove and bush and oblique perspective, and it completely duplicates characteristics of naturalistic garden which could not be found in gardens imported from UK.

조경(造景) 포장(鋪裝)의 전통문양 도입에 관한 기초 연구

마용우 ( Young Woo Ma ),백난영 ( Nan Young Paek ),이재근 ( Jae Keun Lee ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2006 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.24 No.1

충청남도 사찰의 지형적 특성에 관한 연구

이재근 ( Jae Keun Lee ),백난영 ( Nan Young Paek ),권병석 ( Byoung Sok Kwon ) 상명대학교 산업과학연구소 2003 産業科學硏究 Vol.- No.13

다시를 (茶詩) 통해 본 한국 다정의 (茶庭) 원형에 관한 연구

김용기(Kim Yong Ki),김성아(Kim Seong Ah),백난영(Paek Nan Young) 한국전통조경학회 1997 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.15 No.2

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난지도 쓰레기 매립지 비탈면 생태복원 특성에 관한 연구 -자연표토복원공법과 원지반식생정착공법 시공지역을 중심으로-

여환주 ( Hwan Joo Yeo ),이상필 ( Sang Pil Lee ),백난영 ( Nan Young Paek ),이재근 ( Jae Keun Lee ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2005 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.8 No.3

한국 전통담장 및 화계조성 사례 연구 : 상명대 도서관 중정을 중심으로 Base on the Gardening of Sang Myung University Library court

유경상,백난영,이재근 한국정원학회 2002 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Many studies have been conducted under the grand title as modernization of traditional landscape archit-ectures and there is also growing number of sites where the techniques of traditional landscape architecture have actually been tried. But conventional studies concentrated mainly in theoretical studies of "Kotdam(beautiful wall)", due to its title and scarcity. The studied on the detailed construction methods have been neglected. And what is worse, the wall usually is implamented by the architectural drawing. In the case, due to increase in ghe expenses, the building companies either reduce the size or substituted it with different structures. Thus, in the study, though stuctural issues may be solved with modern methods, it focused on expression of traditional pattern for architectural value and used tile type attaching method which resulted in signif-icant reduction of costs. As a result of the study, efficient way to build traditional pattern of Kotdom is suggested in attaching concept figure, standard model and standard Pumseom(quantity manpower spent per unit).

소멸문화유적의 인식제고 방안 연구 : 서울시 중구·서대문구 문화유적지도 작성을 중심으로 Focused on Creating a Cultural Relic Map of Jung-gu and Seodaemun-gu, Seoul

이재근,백난영,김소라 한국전통조경학회 2003 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of preserving our cultural relics is to provide people with a sense of history and belongings. This research is to create a new value for a cultural asset site and its neighborhood places that are valuable and historically significant as well. We have focused on the cultural relics that have been rooted out in the historic and social background. And we have found only small number of milestones remain in Jung-gu and Seodaemun-gu, Seoul. We identified precise locations of the missing cultural relics and analyzed the surrounding environment as of 2002. Based on the findings, we created a cultural relic map of Jung-gu and Seodaemun-gu. The significance of this research was the preparation of a foundation in order to promote and educate citizens by making a cultural relic map of Jung-gu and Seodaemun-gu, Seoul. Existing cultural relics were included as a means to enhance the recongnition of the missing cultural relics of Jung-gu and Seodaemun-gu, Seoul. However, precise methodologocal follow-up researches should be conducted to promote tour services, and to enhance the recongnition of the existing and the missing cultural relics.

화엄십찰(華嚴十刹)의 입지성에 관한 연구

김용기,백난영 한국정원학회 1998 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.16 No.2

As the purpose of this study is to find the intention of Haw-Eum Ten temples, we firstly looked into the establishment background of Haw-Eum Ten temples, and based on its result, studied locational characteristics. The result is as follows ; 1. We searched the establishment back-ground of Haw-Eum Ten temples in two aspects, by Buddhistic philosophy and politicio-social aspect. In former case, Manbumgyuil a philosophy meaning everything will turn into one and the characteristic of Buddhism at the time which was to protect country, seems to have influenced location of Haw-Eum Ten temples. In the latter case, during the unification of Samkuk it was necessary to watch closely the resistance and smooth the antagonistic feelings. So the common religion in three countries Buddhism, especially Whaum philosophy which is to turn everything into one, was encouraged to promote strong royalty and mental unification of the people. 2. The locational characteristic of Haw-Eum Ten temple was viewed in geographical, locational, and spacial perspective and following is the result : a. The geographical characteristics were that most of Haw-Eum Ten temple is located at the local downtown areas of Baekjae and Kogyureu where Anti-Shilla resistance was strong. b. The locational characteristics of studied temples were that all of them is somewhat related to the mountains which shows that the location is strategically a favored places. 3. The spacial characteristic is that they are surrounded by round or convex shape mountains which is formed by both water flow and slide of ground surface. The reason is religional characteristic which is closely related to the water and strategically located in the valley. Most of the form is opened in one side only which shows its closeness and the very fact tells that the Haw-Eum Ten temple is located in the military strategical places as fortress that does not allow easy access from outside. In the object-analysis perspective, it shows together and hidden form which means it is located at the center of area formed by mountains where sacredness of mountain is concentrated to form the holy Buddhism or a corridor through which cleans dirty of current world and advances to the higher sacred level. They all emphasized sacredness of the temple. Conclusively, contacting Buddhism in most sacred places, it was an expression of desire by Shilla, Baekjae, and Kokuryu people to form mental unification and get rid of physical and mental pain from long period of war. As a result of above study, we could find one common factor in Haw-Eum Ten temple's locational characteristic and it is that Haw-Eum Ten temple was built through out the strategical locations in unified Shilla by Euisangdaesa and his disciples to follow the teaching of Euisandaesa and to convert the locals. Those facts was the purpose of Euisandaesa to rationalize Shilla's unification by mental unification through Manbubguiil philosophy(everything will turn into one) and to diffuse Whaumjong along with current historical environments.

조선시대 능침사찰의 입지성에 관한 연구

김용기,백난영 한국정원학회 2001 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this study is to define the landscape characteristics of one of Chosun Dynasty's special phenomena, Royal-Tomb temple, and following is the summary of the study result. 1. The landscape characteristics of Royal-Tomb temple is located geographically close to Hansung, and analyzing the relativeness with mountains, it is located at the edge of the mountain, and visually most of them are located in closed places. 2. It was analyzed that Royal-Tomb temple considered relativeness of Royal-Tomb as the primary factor in selecting the location. But the relativeness factor shows different according to each temple and it can be found that the intention of founder is reflected in deciding the location of Royal-Tomb temple. 3. Royal-Tomb temples with no clear relativeness toward Royal-Tomb, it can be found that Royal-Tomb temple is related with various environments existing around it and location was decided indirectly. Those temples seem to reflect mostly the intention of the buried host and chief builder in socio-political environment. 4. It can be found that the locational characteristics of Royal-Tomb temple showed different depending on the construction form. For example, Royal-Tomb temple rebuilt or built on the site of destroyed Buddhist temple, since it used existing temple ground, it does not actively reflect the intention of its builders, while moved-and-builtor first built temples actively reflect the intention of the buried host or the chief builder when selecting the location. As a result, it can be found that the landscape characteristics of Royal-Tomb temple of Chosun Dynasty was decided with close relativeness toward location of Royal-Tomb, and also the intention of the buried host or chief builder had great influences on the location deciding of Royal-Tomb.