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Clinical characteristics of acute drug-induced dystonia in pediatric patients
박현웅,곽재령,이지숙 대한응급의학회 2017 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.4 No.3
Objective Dystonia is a movement disorder in which muscles contract uncontrollably. Acute drug-induced dystonia (DID) can be diagnosed through detailed history taking and physical examination. This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of DID in children, which could help emergency physicians diagnose these conditions more efficiently. Methods We reviewed medical records of children aged below 18 years diagnosed with drug-related dystonia after discharge from the emergency department over 10 years. We collected the patients’ age, sex, suspected causative drugs, initial diagnosis of the prescribing physician, duration of drug-taking, diagnostic evaluations, treatment methods, and prognosis. Results Seventy-nine patients were enrolled. The mean age was 11.3±4.9 years (range, 4.0 months to 18.0 years), and 41 patients (51.9%) were boys. The most common cause of DID was gastrointestinal medications in 45 patients (57.0%), followed by antipsychotics in 23 patients (29.1%). Eleven (24.4%) out of 45 patients with DID due to gastrointestinal medications had the initial diagnosis of upper respiratory infection, and seven (30.4%) out of 23 patients with DID due to antipsychotics had the initial diagnosis of non-psychotic diseases. Younger children received more diagnostic procedures and were more frequently admitted. A benzodiazepine (67.1%) was the most common single drug for treatment. Conclusion Physicians should not only acknowledge DID in order to reduce unnecessary workup and admission, but also know that antiemetics and antipsychotics are common causes of DID. Therefore, physicians should try to avoid multidrug prescriptions in children.
Visible Light-Induced Degradation of Azo Dye Orange II via Complexation with Fe(III)
박현웅,최원용 한국공업화학회 2002 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2002 No.0
The degradation of Orange II (Acid Orange 7) has been performed in the presence of Fe(III) using visible light (≥ 420 nm). The degradation of the dye and TOC decrease were highly dependent on initial pH and no significant degradation was observed at both low pH below 3.4 and high pH above 5. Hydroxyl radicals were proved not to participate in the degradation of Orange II. Based on observations for sulfate/sulfite anion effect on photodegradation of the dye, comparative study using a diffuse reflectance FTIR and speciation of Fe(III) in the presence of sulfate, it was understood that sulfonic anion group of Orange II acted as a binding site to hydrolyzed Fe(III), resulting in electrostatic precipitation between two. For intermediates produced from Orange II. phthalic acid and 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid were identified using HPLC. This approach suggests an efficient and simple alternative treatment process for textile dyestuff without addition of hydrogen peroxide using solar light.