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Carrageenan 염증 유도된 Stat 4 유전자 제거생쥐의 시상하부에서 NADPH-diaphorase 반응에 대한 침의 영향
홍미숙 ( Mee Suk Hong ),김미자 ( Mi Ja Kim ),김진주 ( Jin Ju Kim ),박히준 ( Hi Joon Park ),정주호 ( Joo Ho Chung ) 대한경락경혈학회 2007 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.24 No.4
목적: 본 연구의 목적은 시상하부에서 침처치에 대한 nitric oxide synthase (NOS)발현을 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d)를 이용한 조직화학 염색법으로 관찰하였다. 실험방법: 동물은 Balb/c (wild type) 와 Stat 4 knockout (KO) 생쥐를 사용하였다. 염증유도는 1% carrageenan 용액 (20ul/마리)을 발 뒤꿈치 표피에 주사하였고, 침 처치는 족삼리 (ST36)에 시침하였다. 침 처치 후 5시간까지 부종율을 부종측정기로 측정하였으며, 마지막으로 부종을 측정한 후 동물을 희생하여 뇌를 적출하여 고정하였다. 침에 대한 효과를 확인하기 위하여 NADPH-d 반응의 조직염색을 실시하였다. 염증유도와 그룹간의 유의성 검증은 one-way ANOVA를 사용하였다. 결과: 대조군인 Balb/c와 실험군인 stat4 KO 생쥐를 carrageenan으로 염증을 유도시에 대조군은 90%이상 유도된 반면, Stat4 KO 그룹은 50% 정도의 염증만이 유도되었다. 염증을 유도한 생쥐의 족삼리에 침 처치시 대조군은 1시간에서 약 40%정도 감소하였고 (P<0.05), Stat4 KO 실험군은 유의한 염증 감소율을 보이지 않았다. 시상하부의 lateral hypothalamic area (LHA)와 paraventricular nucleus (PVN)부위의 침에 대한 효과를 NADPH-d 에 양성으로 반응하는 세포수로 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 대조군에서 염증 유도시 시상하부의 PVN는 NADPH-d 양성세포수가 감소하였고, LHA에서는 증가하였다. (2) 염증을 유도한 대조군에 침을 처치시 PVN은 세포수가 증가하였고, LHA에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. (3) 염증을 유도한 Stat4 KO 군에서는 시상하부의 PVN과 LHA부위 모두에서 NADPH-d 양성세포수가 감소하였고, 염증유도그룹에 침을 처치시 PVN과 LHA부위 모두에서 세포수가 증가함을 관찰 할 수 있었다. (4) 대조군과 실험군 모두에 salicylic acid로 비교하였더니 염증유도 효과 및 NADPH-d 세포 수에서 침 처치와 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 결론: 침은 염증을 유도한 생쥐에서 염증 감소에 유의한 효과가 있다. 염증을 유도한 Balb/c 와 Stat4 KO 생쥐에 침을 처치 시 시상하부의 NADPH-d 발현이 LHA부위와 PVN에서 서로 다르게 나타나는 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 현상은 침 효과가 시상하부의 위치에 대한 작용이 다르기 때문이라고 생각된다.
이권복(Kwon-Bok Lee),김정미(Jeong-Mee Kim),김미자(Mi-Ja Kim),강순아(Soon Ah Kang) 동아시아식생활학회 2014 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.24 No.3
This study was conducted to ascertain the antioxidant properties of Hamcho (Salicornia herbacea L.) and as well as manufacture pettitoes using Hamcho as a natural antioxidant material for diverse applications. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of 25, 50, 100 ㎎/mL in methanol extracts from Salicornia herbacea L. increased significantly (p<0.05) to 12.8%, 21.6% and 39.1%, respectively. The total phenolic content was 38.58±4.25 ㎛ as tannic acid equivalent for 100 ㎎/mL of methanol extracts from Hamcho. FRAP value was 448.58±14.01 ㎛ as ascorbic acid equivalent in reducing power. To apply Hamcho to food as a natural antioxidant, pettitoes were prepared with added Hamcho. To manufacture pettitoes added with Hamcho, general quality characteristics of pettitoes added with 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% based on 100 g of pettitoes were determined. In conclusion, mineral components increased according to the added amount of Salicornia herbacea L. Crude protein showed the highest value with 2% added Hamcho. Overall, the addition of Hamcho led to hardening of the meat texture. As a result of measuring color in terms of brightness, redness, and yellowness with chromaticity, the L value (brightness) increased with added amount of Hamcho. There was no significant difference in redness or yellowness. As a result of the sensory evaluation of pettitoes according to addition of Hamcho, the group with 4% added Hamcho showed enhanced overall preference with improved flavor, taste and textural properties.
高等學校 學生이 知覺한 體育敎師와의 人間關係의 類型에 關한 調査硏究
金美子 서울敎育大學校 1974 論文集 Vol.7 No.-
The human relations between teachers and students are important in that they have influence on students learning, the creation of a social climate in schools and the character development of students. In the present study, the questionnaire method was used in order to review general human relations between teachers and students of high schools in terms of intimacy and estrangement. The questionnaire was prepaerd in the form of Hoshaw questions according to the Remmer's method, and questions were prepared on respect, affinity, trust, obedience and attraction as factors of intimacy and hatred, resistance contempt, fear and discontent as factors of estrangement. The questionnaire was given to 1,321 students selected in random sampling from among first and second grade students of boy's and girls' high schools in Seoul, and responeses to questions were grouped by factor for making out the percentage of each response. The following results were obtained from the responses. 1. The Intimacy and Estrangement Relationships High School Students Feel to Physical Education Teachers. In high schools, teh relations bwteeen students and physical education teachers are generally intimate, and the difference between intimacy and estrangement in female students was larger than that in male students. 2. Students' Responses to Factors of Intimacy and Estrangement 1) The highest responses was shown to the factor of affinity in intimacy and the lowest response to the factor ofobediencn. The highest response in estrangement was shown to the factor of discontent and lowest response to the factor of hasred. 2) The highest response of 48.2 per cent was shown to Question 23, The teacher associates well with students and talk well to students, among questions related to affinity, and the highest response of 41.1 per cent among questions related to discontent was shown to Question 69, He or she is small in physical frame as a physical education on teacher. 3) In general, responses to factors of intimacy were higher than those to factors of estrangement, and the response to the factor of affinity was the highest followed by the response to the factor of discontent. 3. Comparison of Response to Factors of Intimacy and Estrangement Between Male and Female. 1) Male students showed higher responses to factors of respect, hatred, resistance, obedience, fear, attraction and discontent than female students. 2) Female students showed higher responses to factors of affinity, trust and comtempt than male students.
광원의 종류에 따른 복합레진의 중합거동 및 중합률에 관한 연구
류주희,이인복,유현미,김미자,석창인,권혁춘 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.4
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the reaction kinetics and the degree of polymerization of composite resins when cured by different light sources and to evaluate the effectiveness of the blue Light Emitting Diode Light Curing Units (LED LCUs) compared with conventional halogen LGUs. Materials and Methods: First, thermal analysis was performed by a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). The LED LCU (Elipar Freelight, 320㎽/㎠) and the conventional halogen LCU (XL3000, 400㎽/㎠) were used in this study for curing three composite resins (SureFil, Z-250 and AEliteFLO). Second, the degree of conversion was obtained in the composite resins cured according to the above curing mode with a FTIR. Third, the measurements of depth of cure were carried out in accordance with ISO 4049 standards. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA test at 95% levels of confidence and Duncan's procedure for multiple comparisons. Results: The heat of cure was not statistically different among the LCUs (p > 0.05). The composites cured by the LED (Exp) LCUs were statistically more slowly polymerized than by the halogen LCU and the LED (Std) LCU (p< 0.05). The composite resin groups cured by the LED (Exp) LGUs had significantly greater degree of conversion value than by the halogen LCU and the LED (Std) LCU (p = 0.0002). The composite resin groups cured by the LED (Std) LGUs showed significantly greater depth of cure value than by the halogen LCU and the LED (Exp) LGU (p < 0.05).