http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
한국의 언론사상 : '대간제도'를 중심으로 본 자유언론의 원류
김기중 광주대학교 1987 광주개방대학 논문집 Vol.4 No.-
Teh principal aim of this thesis is to study the functions of the institution of speech during the Yi Dynasty, Daegan( 臺諫 ). It may be said that long before the institution the introduction of modern newspaper in Korea there had existed some forms of speech institution in successive kingdoms of Korea, specially in Yi Dynasty. The purpose of "Daegan( 臺諫 )", the Institution of Speech of the Yi Dynasty, is to maintain and develop the royal court through the realization of political ideology such as the establishment of the centralized bureaucratic state, the embodiment of the rule by royal principles, and the preservation of Confucian value or principle. The aim of the rule by royal principles is to govern for the people by benevolence and principle. In the light of the insitution of speech, 'Daegan', such as political ideology can ultimately be achieved by the sage and saintly King, and the first prerequisite for the realization of such an ideology is to open widely the channel of speech. The institution of speech, 'Daegan' is composed of the organizations called 'Saheonbu'( 司臺府 ) and 'Saganwon'( 司諫院 ). 'Daegan' is the officials engaged in communication. The institution of speech is devided into four categories: the speech of expostulation which points out the faults of the king; the speech of impeachment which supervises and censures the misconducts of retainers; the speech of contemporary policy which criticizes and evaluates the right or wrong of civil services, and the speech of personnel administration which judges and corrects the propriety of appointment, promotions, transfers, merits and demerits, and punishment of government officials. These four main categories represent the informative, normative, value-oriented, and affective communications. The normative and value-oriented communications are in the great majority of all subjects. The view on speech of the institution of speech, 'Daegan' is summarized as follows: forms of speech institution should exist; the channel of speech should be wide open; public opinions should be encouraged for the judgement of right and wrong; the morale of Confucian scholars essential to the formation of opinion should be raised. With respect to such a view, the spiritual basis of the institution of speech is the critical spirit even against the royal authority. According to this spirit, it behooves 'Daegan' not to carry out blindly the will of the king as the role of speech today is to curry favour with the will of a dictator. The success and failure of the institution of speech in the Yi Dynasty had a great influence on the vicissitudes of the royal court and of Confucian ideology. Therefore, it can be concluded that the institution of speech gives us a summary view of the historical process of the Yi Dynasty which had developed on the vortex of the interactions and the conflicts between the Confucian ideology and the feudal economic system based on land ownership.