TeOx(2<x<3)/SiO2 1차원 광자결정의 광학 특성평가

공헌,이현용,여종빈 한국전기전자재료학회 2014 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.27 No.12

One-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) were prepared by TeOx(2<x<3)/SiO2 with thedifference refractive index, and fabricated by sputtering technique from a TeO2 and SiO2 target. TheTeOx(2<x<3) layers were fabricated by using the sputtering gas ratio (Ar:O2=40:10). A 10-pair TeOx(2<x<3)/SiO2 1D PCs were fabricated with the structure parameters of filling factor=0.5185, and period=410nm. The properties of 1D PCs with and without a defect layer were evaluated by UV-VIS-NIR. Anormal mode 1D PC have a photonic band gap (PBG) in the near infrared (NIR) region from 1,203 to1,421 nm. In the case of 1D PC containing a defect layer, a defect level appears at 1,291 nm. Themeasured transmittance (T) spectra are nearly corresponding to calculated results. After He-Cd laserexposure, the defect level is shifted from 1,291 nm to 1,304 nm. 1차원 광자결정은 TeO2와 SiO2 타겟을 활용한 스퍼터링 기법으로, 서로 다른 굴절률을 갖는 TeOx(2<x<3)/SiO2 박막에 의해 제작되었다. TeOx(2<x<3) 박막은 최적의 스퍼터링 가스 조성비(Ar:O2 = 40:10)에 의해 제작되었으며, 10쌍의 TeOx(2<x<3)/SiO2 1차원 광자결정은 충진률=0.5185, 주기=410 nm와 같은 구조 파라미터를 갖도록 제작되었다. 결함모드 유무에 따른 1차원 광자결정 특성은 UV-VIS-NIR에 의해 평가되었다. 정상모드는 근적외선 영역(1,203∽1,304 nm)에서 광자밴드갭을 보였고, 결함층을 포함하는 1차원 광자결정에서는 결함준위가 1,291 nm에서 나타났다. 측정된 투과도는 계산된 결과값과 거의 일치하였다. 광조사 후의 결함준위는 1,291 nm에서 1,304 nm로 변화하였다.

TeOx(x=1.42)/SiO2로 구성된 광가변적인 1차원 광자결정 연구

공헌,이현용,여종빈 한국전기전자재료학회 2015 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.28 No.2

One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) were fabricated by RF sputtering technique on p-Si (100),and fused quartz substrates. The 1D PCs structures consisted of TeOx (x=1.42), and SiO2 with the differencerefractive index. In order to estimate the effect on a defect level within 1D PCs structures, samples were preparedwith both normal, and defect mode. The structural and optical properties were confirmed by Scanning electronmicroscope (SEM), and Ultraviolet visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (UV-VIS-NIR) respectively. In the case ofa 1D PC normal mode without defect layer, it had a photonic band gap (PBG) in the near infrared (NIR) region. In the case of a 1D PC defect mode with defect layer, it had a sharp transmission band owing to a defect level,and moved towards the longer wavelength after exposing He-Cd laser with a wavelength of 325 nm. 1차원 광자결정 구조체는 p타입 실리콘과 퀄츠 기판위에 RF 스퍼터링 기법으로 제작되었다. 1차원 광자결정 구조체는 굴절률이 서로 다른 TeOx (x=1.42)와 SiO2로 구성하였다. 1차원 광자결정 내의 결함준위에 대한 영향을 평가하기 위하여, 샘플은 정상모드와 결함모드로 제작하였고, 구조 및 광학 특성평가를 위하여 SEM과 UV-VIS-NIR 측정을 실시하였다. 정상모드의 경우, 근적외선 영역에서 광자밴드갭이 형성되었다. 결함모드의 경우, 삽입된 결함준위로 인하여 첨예한 투과 특성이 나타났으며, 325 nm 파장의 He-Cd 레이져 조사 후에는 투과피크는 장파장으로 이동하였다.

TeO_x(x=1.42)/SiO₂로 구성된 광가변적인 1차원 광자결정 연구

공헌,여종빈,이현용,Kong, Heon,Yeo, Jong-Bin,Lee, Hyun-Yong 한국전기전자재료학회 2015 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.28 No.2

One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) were fabricated by RF sputtering technique on p-Si (100), and fused quartz substrates. The 1D PCs structures consisted of $TeO_x$ (x=1.42), and $SiO_2$ with the difference refractive index. In order to estimate the effect on a defect level within 1D PCs structures, samples were prepared with both normal, and defect mode. The structural and optical properties were confirmed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Ultraviolet visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (UV-VIS-NIR) respectively. In the case of a 1D PC normal mode without defect layer, it had a photonic band gap (PBG) in the near infrared (NIR) region. In the case of a 1D PC defect mode with defect layer, it had a sharp transmission band owing to a defect level, and moved towards the longer wavelength after exposing He-Cd laser with a wavelength of 325 nm.

난각으로부터 합성된 초미립 CaO 분말을 이용한 C3S, C2S, C3A 분말 합성 및 혼합 경화체에 미치는 C3A 함량의 영향

공헌,권기범,박상진,노효섭,이상진,Kong, Heon,Kwon, Ki-Beom,Park, Sang-Jin,Noh, Whyo-Sub,Lee, Sang-Jin 한국분말야금학회 2019 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.26 No.6

In this work, ultra-fine calcium oxide (CaO) powder derived from eggshells is used as the starting material to synthesize mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The prepared CaO powder is confirmed to have an average particle size of 500 nm. MTAs are synthesized with three types of fine CaO-based powders, namely, tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), and tricalcium aluminate (C3A). The synthesis behavior of C3S, C2S and C3A with ultra-fine CaO powder and the effects of C₃A content and curing time on the properties of MTA are investigated. The characteristics of the synthesized MTA powders are examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and a universal testing machine (UTM). The microstructure and compressive strength characteristics of the synthesized MTA powders are strongly dependent on the C3A wt.% and curing time. Furthermore, MTA with 5 wt.% C3A is found to increase the compressive strength and shorten the curing time.

TeO_x(2<x<3)/SiO₂ 1차원 광자결정의 광학 특성평가

공헌,여종빈,이현용,Kong, Heon,Yeo, Jong-Bin,Lee, Hyun-Yong 한국전기전자재료학회 2014 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.27 No.12

One-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) were prepared by $TeO_x(2<x<3)/SiO_2$ with the difference refractive index, and fabricated by sputtering technique from a $TeO_2$ and $SiO_2$ target. The $TeO_x$(2<x<3) layers were fabricated by using the sputtering gas ratio ($Ar:O_2=40:10$). A 10-pair $TeO_x(2<x<3)/SiO_2$ 1D PCs were fabricated with the structure parameters of filling factor=0.5185, and period=410 nm. The properties of 1D PCs with and without a defect layer were evaluated by UV-VIS-NIR. A normal mode 1D PC have a photonic band gap (PBG) in the near infrared (NIR) region from 1,203 to 1,421 nm. In the case of 1D PC containing a defect layer, a defect level appears at 1,291 nm. The measured transmittance (T) spectra are nearly corresponding to calculated results. After He-Cd laser exposure, the defect level is shifted from 1,291 nm to 1,304 nm.

비정질 텔루륨 산화물 박막 특성에 미치는 O2/Ar 가스비율의 영향

공헌,정건홍,여종빈,이현용 한국전기전자재료학회 2017 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.30 No.5

텔루륨 산화물 박막은 TeO2와 Te 타겟을 활용하여 다양한 산소/아르곤 가스비율에 따라 스퍼터링 기법으로 성막되었다. XRD 결과는 텔루륨 산화물 박막이 비정질로 제작되었음을 보였다. 텔루륨 산화물 박막의 구조 및 화학조성비는 FT-IR과 XPS에 의해 연구되었다. 또한 산화물 박막의 광학 특성은 Ellipsometer와 UV-VIS-NIR로 연구되었다. 산소/아르곤 가스비율이 증가할수록, 텔루륨 산화물의 원자구성비는 두 영역(x=1-2, 2-3)으로 구분되었다. 텔루륨 산화물 박막의 광학특성은 두 영역에서 다른 특성을 보였다. 산소/아르곤 가스비율이 증가함에 따라, 굴절률은 감소하였으며, 광 밴드갭은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. TeOx thin films were deposited at various O2/Ar gas-flow ratios by a reactive RFmagneton sputteringtechnique from TeO2 and Te targets. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the TeOx thin films wereamorphous. The structure and chemical composition of the TeOx thin films were investigated by fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical characteristics of the TeOxthin films were investigated by an Ellipsometer and a UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. According to the O2/Argas-flow ratios, the atomic composition ratio of TeOx thin films was divided into two regions(x=1-2, 2-3). Differentoptical characteristics were shown in each region. With an increasing O2/Ar gas-flow ratio, the refractive index ofthe TeOx thin films decreased and the optical bandgap of the films increased.

비정질 텔루륨 산화물 박막 특성에 미치는 O₂/Ar 가스비율의 영향

공헌,정건홍,여종빈,이현용,Kong, Heon,Jung, Gun-Hong,Yeo, Jong-Bin,Lee, Hyun-Yong 한국전기전자재료학회 2017 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.30 No.5

$TeO_x$ thin films were deposited at various $O_2$/Ar gas-flow ratios by a reactive RFmagneton sputtering technique from $TeO_2$ and Te targets. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the $TeO_x$ thin films were amorphous. The structure and chemical composition of the $TeO_x$ thin films were investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical characteristics of the $TeO_x$ thin films were investigated by an Ellipsometer and a UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. According to the $O_2$/Ar gas-flow ratios, the atomic composition ratio of $TeO_x$ thin films was divided into two regions(x=1-2, 2-3). Different optical characteristics were shown in each region. With an increasing $O_2$/Ar gas-flow ratio, the refractive index of the $TeO_x$ thin films decreased and the optical bandgap of the films increased.

문익환의 예언시 연구

공헌배(Hun-Bai Kong) 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2021 신학사상 Vol.- No.193

본 연구의 목적은 아브라함 요수아 헤셸(A. J. Heschel)의 관점으로 문익환의 시(詩)를 분석하는 데 있다. 문익환의 시인적 패턴에는 구약의 예언자들과의 동질성 및 차별성이 드러났다. 그중 가장 뚜렷한 차이는 신비적 요소에 있다. 그리고 역사의식에 있어서의 차이이다. 구약의 예레미야와 이사야는 그 당시 이스라엘의 여론을 거스르는듯했지만, 문익환은 민주, 자주, 통일, 민족 등 다수의 민중이 동의할만한 시대 순응적 패턴이었기 때문이다. 물론 문익환은 이와 같은 시대 순응적 패턴으로 그 시대의 정치 현실에 대해 저항한 사상가였지만, 민중에게 낯선 패턴의 주장을 한 것은 아닌 것으로 여겨진다. 그럼에도 불구하고 구약 예언자들과 문익환과의 공통성은 미래에 대한 희망을 시로써 썼다는 데 있다. 다만 차이가 있다면 구약의 예언시들은 타율성(신의 의지)이 강한 데 비해 문익환은 자신의 역사의식이 강했던 것 같다. The purpose of this paper was to analyze Moon-Ik Whan’s poetry from A. J. Heschel’s point of view. His poetic features revealed the identities and discrimination Old Testament prophets showed. The most definite difference was mystical elements. The next one is historical awareness. Jeremiah and Isaiah in the Old Testament went against the general trend at that time. However, Moon Ik-Whan went with the tide. He adapted ideas such as democracy, independence, unity and nationality the majority of the people could agree. Although he was political thinker with like these ideas to resist the realities of the political situation at that time, it seemed improbable that he insisted on idea which the public felt strange. Other than that, there was a common feature between Old Testament prophets and Moon Ik-Whan. That was they wrote poetry about hope for the future. If one was different, Moon Ik-Whan had a lot historical awareness, whereas for prophetic poetry from Old Testament it was heteronomy (that is the will of God).

16세기 제네바의 목양방식을 통해 본 교역자의 위상: 교회의 규례들(1541)을 중심으로

공헌배 ( Hun Bai Kong ) 한국조직신학회 2011 組織神學論叢 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to illuminate ministers` authority, by looking into their pastoral methods done in the era of Calvin at Geneva, through an article "Draft Ecclesiastical Ordinances (1541)." Today, one of the factors to conflicts in Churches of South Korea is often seen between pastors and elders. But this is completely different from pastoral methods in the 16th century at Geneva, Switzerland. In the 16th century at Geneva, elders took one-year temporary job, and ministers were able to manage churches in cooperation with deacons, so was the structure formed. Thus, ministers and elders seemed to have little cause to frictions related to tasks in churches. At that time, elders at Geneva were appointed by the municipal assembly to be elected through indirect elections, not by church members through direct elections. Elders` duties were accomplished mainly from connections with the municipal assembly. According to Calvin`s intention, churches must submit to ministers` disciplines, and ministers` authority was predominant in their sermon proclamations. Ministers were teachers who teach layperson, they should not only have the authority as spiritual parents but also be ``the passage of blessing`` as ministers of God. In the 16th century, ministers at Geneva were both governors and judges. However, today, some in South Korea tend towards misunderstanding ``all people priests theory`` as ``all people ministers theory``, which weakens pastors` authority. But this is totally different from pastoral methods in the 16th century at Geneva, Switzerland. Calvin sufficiently acknowledged ministers` authority.

한국고고학에서 철학적 개념의 검토

공헌배 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2023 東洋學 Vol.- No.90

The purpose of this study is to present philosophical interpretation and applications, which are shown in the archaeological community of Korea. By doing this, we can criticize these in an objective position as regards philosophy, we can provide for an alternative. In the archaeological community of Korea, we recognize that relics or remains have been examined by philosophy in an ideological way. Interpretation like this can be faced the objective criticism by philosophical study. In addition, a possible difficulty arises because of the gap among academics. Oriental and western philosophy need to be objectively studied to solve this problem. This will help us to consider how to combine archaeology with philosophy. This paper revealed ‘The philosophy of will’ be the right balance between them. For example, the first is the will that archaeological layer has through the study of philosophical strata. the second things are the will to live shown relics or remains in archaeology, elitist will which exposed ‘valuable things’, selfishness by group based on ‘selfish gene’ and the will for power which is shown practice of ritual. The study found that ‘The philosophy of will’ has the chance to play a role as contact point between archaeology with philosophy. 본 연구의 목적은 한국고고학계의 연구에 있어서 나타난 철학적 해석 및 적용들을 살피고, 이를 철학의 객관적 입장에 견주어 비판한 뒤, 그 대안을 제시하는 데 있다. 한국의 고고학계에서는 유구나 유물들을 조명할 때 철학 및 이데올로기적 방식으로 해석했음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 이와 같은 해석들은 철학 연구자들의 객관적 비판 앞에 직면할 수 있으며, 학문 간 괴리(gap) 때문에난제(難題)가 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 동·서 철학에 대해 객관적으로 연구해 보고, 이를 통해 고고학과 철학이 어떻게 접목될 수 있는지에 대해 숙고할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 ‘의지철학(意志哲學)’이 그 중요한 접점의 가능성임을 밝혔다. 그 예로는 첫째, ‘철학적 지층론’을 통한 연구로서 고고학적 층위가 갖는 의지성(意志性)이다. 둘째, 고고학의 유구 및 유물들에서 드러난 생에의 의지, 위세품에서 드러난 엘리트적 의지, 이기적 유전자를 따른 집단의 이기성 그리고 의례적 실천에서드러나는 권력에의 의지 등이다. 이와 같은 연구를 통해 ‘의지철학’은 고고학과 철학이 만날 수 있는 접점으로서의 가능성이 있음을 제안한다.