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Effect of Tension on Conductivity of Gravure Printed Ag Layer in Roll-to-Roll Process
강현규,이창우 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
A curing process as a post-treatment of roll-to-roll (R2R) printing is designed to form a functionality of printed pattern such asconductivity when devices e.g., radio frequency identification, fuel cell, display, and flexible printed circuits board are fabricated bysolution-based printing process. Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) as well as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which were employedas a flexible substrate, would be stretched much in the post-treatment process due to reduced elastic modulus in high temperature. The elongation of substrate generates cracks inside the printed layer. The formation of crack triggers increasing in electricalresistance and deteriorating in the performance of the device. Therefore, the elongation of substrate should be minimized consideringthe variations of conductivity of printed layer during the R2R process. In this study, a mathematical model for the relationship amongthe operating tension, the temperature, and the conductivity of printed layer was developed. The deterioration of conductivity wasinvestigated by observation of cracks in printed layer. The conductivity of printed layer on the stretched substrate was estimated bythe proposed model. Also, operating tension was determined for guarantying conductivity even in various temperatures for posttreatmentprocess.
On the Angular Momentum Loss of Tropical Cyclones: An f-Plane Approximation
강현규,정형빈,김원호 한국기상학회 2018 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.54 No.1
The angular momentum for ideal axisymmetric tropical cyclones on the f-plane is investigated with a focus on the totalvolume integrated quantity. Budget analysis of the momentum equation at cylindrical coordinates shows that a tropical cyclone loses angular momentum during its development and mature stages due to the dynamical difference between the viscous inward-flow near the surface and the angular momentum conserving outwardflow aloft. The total relative angular momentum of a tropical cyclone, as a result, can be negative (i.e., implying anticyclonic rotation as a whole) despite intense cyclonic wind in the tropospheric layers. This anticyclonic rotation was measured in terms of the super-rotation ratio, the ratio of total relative angular momentum to the planetary angular momentum. Simulations with the numerical model of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) version 3.4.1 was found to be in favor of the theoretical angular-momentum budget analysis. It was revealed in the numerical simulations that the super-rotation ratio was negative, indicating a sub-rotation, as was predicted by analysis. The sub-rotation ratio was found to be less than one percent for typical tropical cyclones. To show the angular momentum decrease even in the decaying stage, numerical simulations where the thermal forcing by sea surface temperature switched off in the mature stage were carried out. In support of the angular momentum budget analysis, the results indicated that the angular momentum also decreases for a while soon after the forcing was eliminated.
롤투롤 인쇄전자에서의 횡방향 레지스터 동적 특성 모델링
강현규,안진현,이창우,신기현,Kang, Hyun-Kyoo,Ahn, Jin-Hyun,Lee, Chang-Woo,Shin, Kee-Hyun 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2010 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.9 No.2
For the adaption of roll-to-roll printing method to the printed electronics, it is mandatory to increase the resolution of register errors. Therefore it is desired to derive the mathematical modeling of register error or to develop controller design. The cross direction register error was derived considering both lateral motion of moving web and transverse position of printing roll. The mathematical modeling was validated and the relationship between the lateral motion and register error was analyzed by numerical simulations in various operating conditions using multi-layer direct gravure printing machine. The results could be used for a design of the CD register in the multi-layer printing and the lateral motion caused by translation.