마두영약침(馬兜鈴藥鍼)의 천식억제(喘息抑制) 및 면역조절효과(免疫調節效果)에 대(對)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

박정준,김영일,이현,Park, Jung-Jun,Kim, Young-Il,Lee, Hyun 경락경혈학회 2005 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the Asthma-suppressive and Immune-regulatory effect of AF-HA(Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture) at Joksamni(St36) in OVA(ovalbumin) induced asthma mouse model. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The mice in the OVA-AF-HA group were treated with AF-HA at St36 for the later 8weeks(3times/week). The mice in the OVA-Needle-prick group were treated with single prick with an injection needle at St36 for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The lung weight and the total cells in lung of the mice treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased remarkably compared with those of the OVA-control group. 3. The collagen accumulation in lung of OVA-AF-HA group decreased significantly compared with that of the OVA-control group, 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 5. The numbers of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;and\;CD11b^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 6. The numbers of $CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD8^+\;and \;CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at 5136 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 7. The mRNA expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL13 in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) may be an effictive therapeutic method to treat asthma.

마두령약침(馬兜領약鍼)의 천식억제(喘息抑制) 및 면역조절효과(免疫調節效果)에 대(對)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

박정준 ( Jung Jun Park ),김영일 ( Young Il Kim ),이현 ( Hyun Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2005 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the Asthma-suppressive and Immuno-regulatory effect of AF-HA(Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture) at Joksamni(St36) in OVA(ovalbumin)-induced asthma mouse model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The mice in the OVA-AF-HA group were treated with AF-HA at St36 for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). The mice in the OVA-Needle-Prick group were treated with single prick with an injection needle at St36 for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results: 1. The lung weight and the total cells in lung of the mice treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 2. Total Leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased remarkably compared with those of the OVA-control group. 3. The collagen accumulation in lung of OVA-AF-HA group decreased significantly compared with that of the OVA-control group. 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 5. The numbers of Gr-1+/CD11b+ and CD11b+ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 6. The numbers of CCR3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD3e+/CD69+ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 7. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) may be an effictive therapeutic method to treat asthma.

계작지모가우슬탕(桂芍知母加牛膝湯) 약침이 류마티스 관절염 생쥐에 미치는 영향

정순현 ( Soon Hyun Jung ),조종관 ( Chong Kwan Cho ),김소연 ( So Yun Kim ),김영일 ( Young Il Kim ) 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2016 혜화의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to prove the effect and mechanism of Gamikyejakjimogawusul-tang(GKHA) herbal acupuncture on induced rheumatoid arthritis model of DBA/1 mice. Methods : We check effect of GKHA extract on the AST, ALT, Creatinine, BUN of serum and cell viability of GK extract in RAW 264.7 cells to test the stability of this study. In vitro, we measure total phenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity of Gamikyejakjimogawusul-tang, effect of GK extract on ROS(Reactive Ooxygen Species) production to estimate a anti-oxidant capacity, and we also measure effect of GK extract on NO (Nitric Oxid), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, TNF-α, MCP-1, GM-CSF production in RAW 264.7 cells to estimate a anti-inflammatory efficacy. In vivo, we compare a rheumatoid arthritis manifestation between control and experimental group and estimate a AI. Then we check effect of GKHA on the level of WBC, neutrophil, lympocyte, monocyte in the blood to see the effect of immune cells in blood. In addition we measure effect of GKHA on the level of hs-CRP, IgM, IgG, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, TNF-α, MCP-1, GM-CSF in serum. We observe effects of GKHA on imaging of cartilage degeneration using micro CT-arthrography in paw hind. And we calculate effects of GKHA that reduced BV ratio, BS/BV ratio using 3D Micro-CT. Lastly we observe effects of GKHA histopathologic examination analysis. Results : 1. The toxicity on liver and kidney was disregardable and the cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells was also disregardable. < In vitro > 1. Total phenol contents and total flavonoid contents in GK extract were in high level. 2. DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity were increased according to concentration of GK extract 3. ROS production was significantly decreased in GK extract (at 10, 100 ㎍/ml). 4. NO, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 production were significantly decreased in GK extract(at 10, 100 ㎍/ml). IL-17, GM-CSF production were significantly decreased in GK extract(at 1, 10, 100 ㎍/ml). IL-1β, IL-21 production were also decreased but there was no statistical significance. 5. 25x observation after H&E and M-T staining, infiltration of immune cells and subsidence of the cartilage and damage to the synovial cells were decreased. Conclusions : This study showed that GKHA extract had anti-oxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory efficacy. GKHA extract also had inhibiting effect on the process of rheumatoid arthritis and can protect joint and cartilage. So we expect that GKHA extract can be a meaningful treatment to rheumatoid arthritis patients.

금은화, 연교, 포공영 혼합물의 항염증 작용에 관한 연구

최강민 ( Kang Min Choi ),전주현 ( Ju Hyun Jeon ),김은석 ( Eun Seok Kim ),성기정 ( Ki Jung Sung ),김영일 ( Young Il Kim ) 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2021 혜화의학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the inflammatory-control effects of Cheonghyeol-antidote complex(Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Forsythia viridissima Lindley, and Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlstedt complex, CHA) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell and mouse inflammation models. Method : For in vitro and in vivo experiment, Indicators such as cell viability, mRNA expression level(iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, TNF-a), Inflammatory factor production(NO, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-a), and protein phosphorylation level(ERK, JNK, p38) were analyzed. For in vivo experiment, Indicators such as mRNA expression level(iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, TNF-a), Inflammatory factor production(IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-a), protein phosphorylation level(ERK, JNK, p38) and immune cell(white blood cell, lymphocyte) were analyzed. Results : 1. In vitro experiment In cell viability of CHA, CHA showed cell viability below 90% at concentrations of 400 μg / ml or more. In mRNA expression level, IL-6 and IL-1β showed a significant decrease at all concentrations except 25 μg / ml concentration, and iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-a showed a significant decrease at all concentrations of CHA compared to the control group. In inflammatory factor production, NO and TNF-a showed a significant decrease at all concentrations except 25 μg / ml concentration of CHA, and IL-1β showed a significant decrease at 100, 200 μg / ml concentration of CHA compared to the control group. IL-6 showed a significant decrease at all concentration of CHA compared to the control group. In protein phosphorylation level, ERK and p38 showed a significant decrease at all concentrations except 25 μg / ml concentration of CHA and JNK showed a significant decrease at all concentrations of CHA compared to control group. 2. In vivo experiment In mRNA expression level, iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-a showed a significant decrease in all administration groups of CHA compared to the control group. In Inflammatory factor production, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-a showed a significant decrease in all the administration groups of CHA. In protein phosphorylation level, ERK, JNK, and p38 showed a significant decrease in all the administration groups of CHA. In the immune cells, leukocytes and lymphocytes showed a significant decrease in all the administration groups of CHA. Conclusions : This study shows that CHA has antioxidant and inflammatory-control effects on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. It is hoped that further research will be conducted on the individual mechanisms of Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Forsythia viridissima Lindley, and Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlstedt.

정확최적실험계획법

김영일,Kim, Young-Il 한국통계학회 2009 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.16 No.2

It is very rare to conduct an experimental design with a single objective in mind. since we have uncertainties in model and its assumptions. Basically we have three approaches in literature to handle this problem, the mini-max, compound, constrained experimental design. Since Cook and Wong (1994) announced the equivalence between the compound and the constrained design, many constrained experimental design approaches have adopted the approximate design algorithm of compound experimental design. In this paper we attempt to modify the row-exchange algorithm under exact experimental design setting, not approximate experimental design one. This attempt will provide more realistic design setting for the field experiment. In this process we proposed another criterion on how to set the constrained experimental design. A graph to show the general issue of infeasibility, which occurs quite often in constrained experimental design, is suggested. 실험을 시행하는 경우 모형과 수반하는 가정들이 가지고 있는 불확실성 때문에 하나의 목적만 가지고 실험을 수행하는 경우는 거의 없다. 문헌에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 3가지 방법이 존재한다. 최대-최소법, 복합실험법 그리고 제약실험법이 그것이다. 복합실험법과 제약실험법의 동격성이 Cook과 Wong(1994)의 논문에 의해 증명된 이래로 많은 수많은 제약실험법의 방법들이 제안되었지만 모두 복합실험법의 근사알고리즘에 기초하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 제약실험법하에서의 정확알고리즘을 제안하여 실제적인 실험환경하에서 도움을 주고자 하였다. 이러한 과정에서 본 논문에서는 다른 형태의 제약실험법의 형태를 제안하였으며 부산물로 비 타당성의 문제를 볼 수 있는 그림을 첨부하였다.

원격검침 설비의 네트워크 상태감시를 위한 SNMP 기반의 저압 AMI 망관리시스템 개발

김영일,박소정,김영준,정남준,최문석,박병석,Kim, Young-Il,Park, So-Jeong,Kim, Young-Jun,Jung, Nam-Jun,Choi, Moon-Suk,Park, Byung-Seok 한국전력공사 2016 KEPCO Journal on electric power and energy Vol.2 No.2

KEPCO installed AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) metering system for low-voltage customers from 2008. AMI metering system of KEPCO has operated 2.55 million customers and will plan to operate 22 million customers until 2020. KEPCO developed AMI NMS (Network Management System) to operate the meter reading network efficiently. NMS monitors the network status of DCUs (Data Concentration Unit) and modems. NMS provides functionalities of data collection and analysis. It collects property data of network device, network topology information, communication performance information, fault information, and etc. It analyzes collected data and controls network devices by remote access. AMI NMS collects about 370 MIBs (Mangement Information Bases) using SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). This paper introduces main functionalities, designed context, and implemented service screen. 한국전력공사는 200년부터 저압 고객에 대한 AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) 기반의 검침시스템을 구축하여 운영하고 있다. 한전의 AMI 검침시스템은 현재 255만호에 설치되어 운영되고 있으며 2020년까지 2200만호를 설치하여 운영할 예정이다. 본 연구에서는 원활한 AMI 검침망 운영을 위해 DCU (Data Concentration Unit) 및 모뎀에 대한 네트워크 동작상태를 감시할 수 있는 AMI 망관리시스템을 개발하였다. AMI 망관리시스템은 네트워크 장비에 대한 속성 데이터 및 네트워크 토플로지 정보, 통신성능 정보, 장애정보 등을 수집하고, 데이터 분석을 통해 장애내역을 생성하며, 원격에서 장비를 제어하는 등의 기능을 제공하고 있다. AMI 망관리시스템은 전력선 통신망에서 네트워크 장비에 대한 약 370여개의 MIB (Management Information Base) 정보를 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)를 이용하여 수집과 제어를 수행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 AMI 망관리시스템에 대한 주요 기능과 설계내용, 구현된 서비스 화면을 소개하고자 한다.

신경회로망을 이용한 가열로 감독제어

김영일,문기철,장근수 ( Young Il Kim,Ki Cheol Moon,Kun Soo Chang ) 한국화학공학회 1996 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.2 No.1

HSV색공간을 이용한 칼라화상의 클러스터링 및 색차평가에 관한 연구

김영일,Kim, Young-Il 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌-T Vol.t35 No.2

HSV색공간을 이용한 칼라화상의 클러스터링 및 색차평가에 관한 연구(A Study on Clustering and Color Difference Evaluation of Color Image using HSV Color Space) pp.20~27 칼라화상을 화상부호화, 리모트 센싱, 컴퓨터비젼 등의 분야에 이용하기 위해서는 인간이 감각적으로 취급하기 쉬운 색공간으로 화상정보를 변환시켜야 한다. 색상, 명도, 채도를 근거로한 Munsell색공간은 인간의 색지각과 영역간의 색차가 일치하는 특징으로 인하여 칼라화상의 클러스터링에 이용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 RGB입력화상을 ${L^*}{a^*}{b^*}$ 균등색공간으로 변환하고, 색지각과 일치되는 HSV색공간으로 근사화시킴으로써, 각 좌표축을 중심으로 클러스터링과 그 색차를 평가한다. 자기수렴 특성을 갖는 ISO DATA 알고리즘을 응용하여 HSV칼라화상의 영역을 분할하고, 과분할된 영역을 통합하는 방법을 제안하였다. 두 종류의 입력화상에 대한 클러스터링을, 색차를 기본으로 한 임계값에 따라 수행하므로써 화상내용의 복잡함에 대응하는 양호한 영역분할 결과를 제시하였다. This paper describes color clustering method based on color difference in the uniform Munsell color space obtained from hue, saturation, and value. The proposed method operates in the uniform HSV color space which is approximated using ${L^*}{a^*}{b^*}$ coordinate system based on the RGB inputs. A clustering and color difference evaluation are proposed by thresholding NBS unit which is likely to Balinkin color difference equation. Region segmentation and isolation process are carried out ISO DATA algorithm which is a self iterative clustering technique. Through the clustering of 2 input images according to the threshold value, satisfactory results are obtained. So, in conclusion, it is possible to extract result of better region segmentation using human color perception of the objects.

다항회귀모형에서의 추가받힘점 선택

김영일,장대흥,Kim, Young-Il,Jang, Dae-Heung 한국데이터정보과학회 2014 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

최적실험의 제일 큰 약점은 실험기준이 지나치게 모형과 그에 수반되는 가정에 의존한다는 점이다. 이는 종종 모형의 모수의 개수와 받힘점의 개수가 일치를 하는 경우로 이루어지는데 이는 가정된 모형이 참이 아닌 경우를 대비한 실험이 될 수 없다. 이런 경우 문헌에서는 가정된 다항회귀모형의 차수보다 큰 차수를 가진 다항회귀모형을 가정하고 최적실험을 제안하나 이는 D-효율에 근거한 관행적인 방법일 뿐이다. 본 연구에서는 O'Brien (1995)이 제안한 가정된 모형의 일반적인 이탈을 염두에 둔 추가받힘점 생성에 관하여 알아보고 단순회귀모형과 2차 회귀모형에 대한 실험들을 D-효율로 카타로그화 하여 실험자로 하여금 선택을 할 수 있게 하였다. O'Brien은 비선형모형에 대해 추가받힘점의 선택 방법을 제시하였지만 방법을 구현하는 데 있어 명확치 않은 기준이 있어 모수에 의존하는 비선형모형에 대한 최적실험보다는 다항회귀모형을 중심으로 심층적으로 사용방법을 알아보았다. The major criticism of optimal experimental design is that it depends heavily on the model and its accompanying assumption that often leads the number of support points equal to the number of parameters in the model. Often in the past, a polynomial model of higher degree is assumed to handle the experimental design for the polynomial regression of lower degree. In this paper we searched the possible set of designs which are robust to the departure of the assumed model. The designs are categorized with respect to D-efficiency. The approach by O'Brien (1995) was discussed in univariate polynomial regression model setting.

족삼리(足三里)(St36)의 전침자극(電鍼刺戟)이 fMRI상 뇌활성(腦活性) 변화(變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김영일,김영화,임윤경,이현,이병렬,김연진,Kim, Young-il,Kim, Young-hwa,Lim, Yun-kyoung,Lee, Hyen,Lee, Byung-ryul,Kim, Yeon-jin 대한침구의학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Objective: Recently. many studies have showed the evidences of the effect of the Electro-acupuncture treatment through scientific. Methods : One of these methods is functional MRI. We performed electro-acupuncture on Zusanli(St36) and observed the change of brain activation using fMRI. Zusanli(St36) is located on the lateral side of the lower leg. 3 cun(寸) inferior to the Patella of the lower border. Theoretically and clinically. this point has been considered very important for gynecological disorders. spleen and stomach disorders. and psychological disorders. To see the effects of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36). the experiment was carried out on twelve healthy volunteers. using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body fMRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right Zusanli(St36). 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds. repeated five times. with 30 seconds' intervals. The Image analysis including motion correction. talairach transformation, and smoothing was done with SPM99. Results ad conclusion : The electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36) activates Brodmann Area 6, 13, 2, 19, 21, 22, 39, 40, 38, 3which indicates the pathways of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36) and the possibility of the relationship of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36) with autonomic nervous system, internal organic system.