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국내 공동연구윤리심의위원회 수요도 및 타당성 검토를 위한 설문조사 연구
김화정 대한임상약리학회 2006 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.14 No.2
Background: Rapidly increasing scale of multicenter clinical studies(MCTs) is pressing the need of joint institutional review boards(IRB) in Korea. The purpose of this survey was to evaluate demand for joint IRB and appropriate form. Methods: We constructed a questionnaire on the present IRB state on MCTs, agreement for joint IRB, ideal organization and operation method. This questionnaire was sent by mail to active clinical trial investigator group and head or secretary of all IRBs registered to KFDA. Results: Totally 187 participants replies, with 67.4% of investigators and 32.6% of head of IRBs. 79.9% responders reported repeated review on same MCT among each participating IRBs, and proportion of for and against of joint IRB were 74.3%, 24.1% respectively. Discussion: Construction of joint IRB is supposed to have various strengths such as activation of MCTs due to reduced unnecessary review process, efficacy increment due to standardized review standards and resolutions. Before, preparatory works are necessary for successful achievement.
요크나파토파와 사매의 계도소설: 윌리엄 포크너의 『압살롬, 압살롬!』과 최명희의『혼불』을 중심으로
김화정 미래영어영문학회 2023 영어영문학 Vol.28 No.1
The purpose of this study is to track Sutpen family in William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! and Mae-an Lee family in Choi, Myung-hee’s Honbul through their respective family histories and historical backgrounds with a focus on human nature. There are some considerable similarities between Absalom, Absalom! and Honbul. First, both works take the form of saga, dealing with history of the family. Thomas Sutpen from Absalom, Absalom! desires to form a pedigree family by giving birth to a son with pure white descent. Mrs. Cheong-am in Honbul seeks ways to recover Mae-an Lee pedigree from collapse, and thus adopts a son to preserve the family. Second, both works are set in the historical situation of great suffering: the American Civil War in Absalom, Absalom! and the Japanese Colonial period in Honbul. Third, the dark nature of human nature embedded in both works threatens the two families’ existences. In addition, both works deal with the social problems of race and class. What is more, this study tracks the effect of family members’ honesty in determining the rise and fall of the whole family in Absalom, Absalom! and Honbul.
『가장 푸른 눈』에 나타난 희생자의 프시케 - 애착이론을 중심으로
김화정 미래영어영문학회 2013 영어영문학 Vol.18 No.1
The Bluest Eye is the story of a young black girl, Pecola, who loathes herself, rejects her blackness and has her spirit destroyed. In The Bluest Eye, Pecola experiences sexual assault by her father, Cholly. This novel tackles a seriously taboo subject of sexual violence: father-daughter incest. Because of her troubled and tragic life, Pecola descends into depression, madness and insanity. This study focuses on the process that Pecola goes through as she searches for the white symbol: “bluest eyes” which are unattainable. Also, the circumstances of Pecola's childhood and her parents' relationship with each other are explored. It is noted that throughout Pecola's childhood she lacks strong parental attachment or for that matter any adult; which in the end dooms Pecola to a life of misery. To verify this, the study establishes a definition of attachment theory based on the noted works of John Bowlby and other relevant psychiatrists. Finally, the conclusion shows that the incest, rape, birth and death of her baby as well as other cruelty Pecola experiences are ultimately not overcome in Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye.
A remark on statistical manifolds with torsion
김화정 강원경기수학회 2023 한국수학논문집 Vol.31 No.2
Consider a Riemannian manifold $M$ equipped with a metric $g$. In this article, we study a notion for statistical manifolds $(M,g,\nabla)$, which can have a non-zero torsion, abbreviated to SMT. Then it turns out that the tensor fields $\nabla g$ and $\tilde{\nabla} g$ obtained from two different SMT-connections are different.
The characteristic connection on 6-dimensional almost Hermitian manifolds
김화정 충청수학회 2011 충청수학회지 Vol.24 No.4
The characteristic connection is a good substitute for the Levi-Civita connection, especially in studying non-integrable geometries. Unfortunately, not every geometric structure has the characteristic connection. In this paper we consider the space U(3)/ (U(1) × U(1) × U(1)) with an almost Hermitian structure and prove that it has a geometric structure admitting the characteristic connection.
김화정,김유정,권정혜,원영웅,이하연,백선경,류혜원,김도연 대한암학회 2021 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.53 No.4
Purpose The main purpose of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Act recently enacted in Korea is to respect the patient’s self-determination. We aimed to investigate the current status and features of patient self-determination after implementation of the law. Materials and Methods Between February 2018 and January 2019, 54,635 cancer deaths were identified from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. We analyzed the characteristics of decedents who complied with the law process by self-determination compared with decedents with family determination and with decedents who did not comply with the law process. Results In multivariable analysis, patients with self-determination were younger, were less likely to live in rural areas, were less likely to belong to the highest income quintile, were less likely to be treated in general hospitals, and were more likely to show a longer time from cancer diagnosis compared with patients with family determination. Compared with patients who did not comply with the law process, patients with self-determination were younger, lived in Seoul or capital area, were less likely to belong to the highest income quintile, were treated in general hospitals, were less likely to have genitourinary or hematologic malignancies, scored higher on the Charlson comorbidity index, and showed a longer time from cancer diagnosis. Patients with self-determination were more likely to use hospice and less likely to use intensive care units (ICUs) at the end-of-life (EOL). Conclusion Decedents with self-determination were more likely to be younger, reside in the Seoul or capital area, show a longer time from cancer diagnosis, and were less likely to belong to the highest income quintile. They utilized hospice more frequently, and received less ICU care at the EOL.