프랑스에 있어서 違憲審査決定의 效力

鄭在晃 한국공법학회 1990 公法硏究 Vol.18 No.-

현행 헌법의 쟁점과 전망

정재황 한국법제연구원 2008 법제연구 Vol.- No.34

As the year, 2008, the Korean constitution law celebrates its 60th formulation anniversary and the Korean Constitutional Court celebrates its 20th opening anniversary. In this paper, I will review important issues related to current Korean constitutional law which was revised in 1987 and discuss the strategies and direction for improving the constitutional law. Recently, the divers constitutional issues raised from the cases of the Constitutional Court or the real situation have been increased. The sources of the constitutional law has been discussed when the Constitutional Court examined the constitutionality of the act about new administrative capital city. The Article 4, on Korean territory has been discussed with relation to the problem of national unification. In the area of basic theories of human rights(fundamental rights), the theories and cases on the subjects, effects, conflicts, and limitation of basic human rights were discussed. In the specific areas of basic human rights, the dignity and value of human beings and the rights to pursue happiness have been recognized their nature of basic human rights by the Constitutional Court and from this recognition, the human rights which were not written in the constitutional law could be drawn. In the rights of equal protection, the Constitutional Court has reviewed cases differently based on the category of strict scrutiny and moderate test. The rights of social welfare should be recognized as the rights as firmly as possible, while the nature of rights has been evaluated weak by some theorists. In the area of national government framework, the constitutional revision on the form of government has been discussed. As to the parliament, there has been the proposition to restrict privilege of Parliament members of exemption from apprehension and their immunity. In addition, the issues such as the control of constitutional judgement on the violation of the legislative process, the legal effect of a propose of the dismissal of minister, and the legal effect of hearings on the nominees have been discussed. The method of election of the President is discussed. His power, for instance, concerning the referendum has been also discussed. In the future, in order to guarantee broadly the basic human rights, it is important for the Constitutional Court to reinforce the human basic rights by judging and interpreting the constitution actively as well as the revision of constitutional law. For the constitutional stability, it may be desirable to strengthen the applicability of the constitutional principles by active constitutional interpretation rather than the constitutional revision. It is necessary to improve the method to nominate judges of The Constitutional Court and strengthen its power. The results of the theoretical research on constitutional law can give feedback for active constitutional judgement and the analytic research on constitutional cases can contribute to the better judgement. As the year, 2008, the Korean constitution law celebrates its 60th formulation anniversary and the Korean Constitutional Court celebrates its 20th opening anniversary. In this paper, I will review important issues related to current Korean constitutional law which was revised in 1987 and discuss the strategies and direction for improving the constitutional law. Recently, the divers constitutional issues raised from the cases of the Constitutional Court or the real situation have been increased. The sources of the constitutional law has been discussed when the Constitutional Court examined the constitutionality of the act about new administrative capital city. The Article 4, on Korean territory has been discussed with relation to the problem of national unification. In the area of basic theories of human rights(fundamental rights), the theories and cases on the subjects, effects, conflicts, and limitation of basic human rights were discussed. In the specific areas of basic human rights, the dignity and value of human beings and the rights to pursue happiness have been recognized their nature of basic human rights by the Constitutional Court and from this recognition, the human rights which were not written in the constitutional law could be drawn. In the rights of equal protection, the Constitutional Court has reviewed cases differently based on the category of strict scrutiny and moderate test. The rights of social welfare should be recognized as the rights as firmly as possible, while the nature of rights has been evaluated weak by some theorists. In the area of national government framework, the constitutional revision on the form of government has been discussed. As to the parliament, there has been the proposition to restrict privilege of Parliament members of exemption from apprehension and their immunity. In addition, the issues such as the control of constitutional judgement on the violation of the legislative process, the legal effect of a propose of the dismissal of minister, and the legal effect of hearings on the nominees have been discussed. The method of election of the President is discussed. His power, for instance, concerning the referendum has been also discussed. In the future, in order to guarantee broadly the basic human rights, it is important for the Constitutional Court to reinforce the human basic rights by judging and interpreting the constitution actively as well as the revision of constitutional law. For the constitutional stability, it may be desirable to strengthen the applicability of the constitutional principles by active constitutional interpretation rather than the constitutional revision. It is necessary to improve the method to nominate judges of The Constitutional Court and strengthen its power. The results of the theoretical research on constitutional law can give feedback for active constitutional judgement and the analytic research on constitutional cases can contribute to the better judgement.

프랑스 1958年(現行)憲法의 改正

鄭在晃 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2000 법학연구 Vol.2 No.-

〈La révision de la Constitution de la République française〉 Il y avait plusieurs révisons importantes de la Constitution 1958 en France : la révison pour la ratification du traité sur l´Union européenne(Maastricht) ; la révison qui a modifié la composition et les pouvoirs du Conseil supérieur de la magistrature pour renforcer l'indépendance des magistrates ; la révison pour l'extension du champ du référendum et l'introduction du principe d'une session parlementaire unique ordinaire ; ka révison pour favoriser l'égal accès des femmes et des homes aux mandates électoraux et functions électives ; la révison pour la réduction du mandat présidentiel(quinquennat) etc. Ces révisons de la Constitution française n'ont pas beaucoup été étuciées en Corée. Ce qui nous a conduit a` traiter sur les procédures de révison, les motifs des révisons importantes et ses contenus en droit constitutionnel français, Dans cette étude nous avons essyé de constater des expériences françaises auxquelles il ne serait pas moins utile de se référer pour le droit constitutionnel coréen.

인터넷과 참여민주주의

鄭在晃 명지대학교 국제교육정보연구센터 2003 國際敎育情報硏究 Vol.5 No.-

프랑스 감사원제도에 대한 연구

정재황 국제헌법학회 한국학회 2007 世界憲法硏究 Vol.13 No.1

En Core´e, il y a actuellement un de´bat autour de la re´forme du Conseil des inspection s(il s’appelle 'gamsawon') qui a le pouvoir d’exarniner les comptes de l’Etat et des autres organismes publics, e´galenient d’inspecter Ia fonction publique. Pour cette re´forme, nous avons un inte´re^t de la re´fe´rence aux expe´riences fraric¸aises, e´tant done´e que la Cour des comptes franc¸aise est une juridiction assurant son inde´pendance don’t le renforcement est une des ta^ches de la re´formre core´enne. Nous avons e´tudie´ l’organisation, le statut des magistrats de la Cour des comptes franc¸aise, et puis sa compe´tence. Gra^ce a` cette e´tude, les points sur lesquels la re´forme doit intervenir sont e´claire´s. Nous avons notamment reconnue que le renforcement d’inde´pendance du Conseil des inspections devrait e^tre effectue´ d’abord par assurer suffisamment la garantie du statut et l’inde´pendance de ses membres.

國家權力의 組織·行使에 한 憲法的 基本原理에 대한 硏究

정재황 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2002 법학연구 Vol.4 No.-

Les principes constitutionnels relatifs au pouvoir d’Etat doivent e^tre consacre´s a` la meilleure protection des droits fondamentaux des citoyens puisqu’ils sont e´tablis pour conto^ler des pouvoirs d’Etat et empe^cher des abus de ceux-ci. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’e´tude de tels principes est indispensable dans le domaine de discipline du droit constitutionnel. Nous avons e´tudie´ les the´ories de la souverainete´, de la repre´sentation et de la se´paration des pouvoirs. Dans cette e´tude nous nous sommes re´fe´re´ notamment aux theories du droit franc¸ais e´tant donne´ qu’en France celles-ci relatifs au pouvoir d’Etat ont e´te´ depuis longtemps de´battues et e´tudie´s et qu’il y a de principales the´ories franc¸aises ge´ne´ralement reconnues comme originaires en cette matie`re.

條約에 대한 違憲審査의 問題

鄭在晃 弘益大學校 法學硏究所 1999 법학연구 Vol.1 No.-

Il y a des de´cisions de la Cour constitutionnelle core´enne relatives aux traite´(accord)s parmi lesquelles l'on trouve und de´cision qui constate directement, dans son dispositif, la constitutionnalite´d'un traite´. En vertu de l'article 6 premier aline´a de la Constitution core´enne, les traite´s ratifie´s par la constitution ont la me´me valeur que celle des re`gles juridiques domstiques. En Core´e il exist plusieurs sortes des re`gles juridiques domstiques : Constitution, lois, re`glements etc. Les auteurs core´ens admettent qu'il y a ou bien les traite´s a` valeur le´gislative, ou bien les trarte´(accord)s a´ valeur re´glementaire, ou bien les traite´s a` valeur constitutionnelle. Selon cette classification, les modalite´s ou les voies de la constitutionnalite´ des traitel´s peuvent e^tre diverses. Nous avons e´tudie´ ces modalite´s et leurs proce´dures. Premie`rement, aux termes de l'article 107 premier aline´a et de l'article 111 premier aline´a de la Constitution core´enne, c'est la Cour constitutionnelle core´enne qui a le pouvior de de´cider de la constitutionnalite´ des lois. Par conse´quent, les auteurs core´ens admettent que sont susceptibles d'e^tre examine´s par la Cour constitutionnelle core´enne les traite´s importants soumis au consetement du Parlement aux termes de l'article 60 de la Constitution core´enne dans la mesure ou`l'on pourrait penser que le consentement du Parlement e´quivaut a` la le´gislation. Deuxie`mement, les auteurs core´ens admettent que la conformite´a` la Constitution des traite´(accord)s qui ont une valeur infe´rieure a` la Consitution des traite´(accord)s qui ont une valeur infe´rieur a`la loi peut e^tre examine´e, en principe par la Cour supre^me et les tribunaux judiciaires core´ens. C'est parce qu'aux termes de l'article 107 aline´a 2 de la Constitution core´enne ce sont la Cour Supre^me et les tribunaux judiciaires core´ens qui ont le pouvoir de de´cider de la constitutionnalite´ des de´cre^ts, des arre^s et des actes administratifs. En Core´e, il existe d'autre possibilite´ de voie du contro^le de la constitutionnalite´ des traite´(accord)s. C'est celle du recours constitutionnel par lequel peuvent e^tre contro^le´s les traite´(accord)s qui porteraient atteinte directement(sans l'acte de i'exe´cution de ces traite´s par l'administration) aux droits fondamentaux d'un individu. Mais le contro^le de la constitutionnalite´ des traite´s pourrait avoir des inconve´nients parce que le contro^le de la constitutionnalite´ est exerce´ a posteriori en Core´e. A cet e´gard nous avons consulste´ le syste`me francais ou` le contro^le de la constitutionnalite´ des traite´s est exerce´ a priori.

사법제도의 개선방안에 관한 고찰

정재황 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2001 법학연구 Vol.3 No.-

Les coréens souhaitent que le système judiciaire soit plus dfficace it au service des ditoyens. Pour chercher les solutions ou les proposions de la réforme, nous avons d´abord essayé d´établir les principes fondamentaux relatifs é la rforme de la justice qui est indispensable pour la protection des droits des ditoynes. Ensuite nous avons abordé la réforme pour l´amélioration de la structure des juridictions, surtout de la composition des hautes juridictions, c´est0à-dire, le Tribunal constitutionnel coréen, la Cour suprême coréenne. Le Conseil supérieur de la magistrature français, ça nous intéresse beucoup, parce qu´il est considéré qu´il garantit plus d´indépendance des magistrats dans la mesure où parmi son members se trouvent les personnalités estérieures n´appartenant ni au Parlement ni à l´ordre judiciaire et qu´il est doté des pouvoirs effectifs. Nous avons également étudi^#233; des moyens d´améliorer le recrutement des magistrats, de renforcer l´indépendance des magistrat du siège et des magistrats du parquet. Enfin la aualité et la déontologie d´avocat ont fait l´objet de nos réflexions.

한국에서의 인간존엄성의 보장

정재황 明知大學校 國際人權敎育硏究센터 2002 國際人權敎育硏究 Vol.4 No.

헌법재판소 재판관의 자격문제에 대한 검토

정재황 성균관대학교 법학연구원 2005 성균관법학 Vol.17 No.3

The Korean Constitution adopted the independent specialized Constitutional Court in addition to the Supreme Court. As the function of the Constitutional Court for protecting the human rights and for controling political and governmental powers is very important, the selection of constitutional judges must be one of the most important tasks for the function of Constitutional Court. The judges must be independent and fully specialized in constitutional theories. As present, in Korea, the qualification of judges of Constitutional Court is limited to those who have the license of lawyer. Thus, the constitutional law professors who do not have it, even though they are regarded as professionals with deep and broad knowledge in constitutional law cannot be selected as the Constitutional Court judges. It is necessary to reconsider the qualification of the judges and to select judges with deep knowledge in constitutional theories and practices in order to accomplish the function of the Constitutional Court efficiently and effectively.