Evaluation of suitable qRT-PCR normalization genes for various citrus rootstocks

He Wen,Xie Rui,Li Huan,Wang Yan,Chen Qing,Lin Yuanxiu,Zhang Yunting,Luo Ya,Zhang Yong,Tang Haoru,Wang Xiaorong 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.1

Citrus rootstock can modify plant growth and enhance stress resistance. There are many genotypes and species used as citrus rootstocks. Although multiple citrus rootstocks whole genome sequence and transcriptome databases have previously been published, no suitable internal reference genes have been investigated for standardization of gene expression via quantitative real-time PCR. Here we reported the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of reference genes for quantitative real- time PCR standardization in various citrus rootstocks. The expression stability of ten candidate reference genes in diverse sample subsets of flooding, drought, alkaline and cold treatments was evaluated using four statistical algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ΔCt method. The results demonstrated that the expression stability of reference genes varied under different experimental conditions. In addition, normalization of gene expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3 (NCED 3), involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis, was conducted to further confirm the reliability of the reference genes. Overall, EF-1α, DIM 1, GAPC and UBC expressed much more stably. ACTIN and GAPDH were not recommended for normalization in given experimental conditions due to low stability. Our main contribution was to identify reference genes with suitable and stable expression in citrus rootstocks varied across selected experimental conditions. Furthermore, these results will provide valuable information for future research on citrus rootstocks.

Effects of concentrated rigid inclusions defects on the in-plane impact behavior of hexagonal honeycombs

Qiang He,Wenxian Tang,Jian Zhang,Xiaorong Wang 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.10

Hexagonal honeycombs have exhibited significant advantages in energy absorption and they are increasingly used as absorbers under crush conditions. The in-plane crushing process of imperfect hexagonal honeycombs with concentrated rigid inclusions defects is simulated using finite element simulations. In each case, a constant velocity is applied to an impact plate which then crushed the honeycomb. Simulation results indicate that the defect location has a great influence on the deformation modes, especially at low and moderate velocity. After analyzing the apparent reflection about dynamic response at the impact end, the respective influences of local fraction of inclusions and foil thickness (relative density) on the crushing plateau stress on account of the crushing velocity are further discussed. Furthermore, the energy absorption capacity under constant velocity loading is studied. Due to the distribution of the concentrated rigid inclusions defects, the energy absorption can be controlled effectively.

Design of a Two Stage Low Noise System in the Frequency Band 1.8-2.2GHz for Wireless System

Zhao Xiaorong,Fan Honghui,Ye Feiyue,Qian Xiufang,Chen Dan,He Sheng 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.3

In first stage of each microwave receiver there is Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) circuit, and this stage has important rule in quality factor of the receiver. This paper presents the design of LNA and development of low bias (VD=3V, ID=20mA), the LNA operating in frequency range 1.8-2.2GHz using a feedback circuit. Design System (ADS) 2012 tool was used for design and simulation, and each design was tuned to get the optimum value for NF, power gain (S21), input return loss (S11) and reverse isolation (S12). Simulation results have indicated that the S21 achieves 33.2515±0.4475dB over the wide frequency band of 1.8-2.2 GHz, the gain was almost flat over the whole band. Noise figure (NF) maintains is 0.4945±0.0565 dB, S12 < -47.089 dB and S11 < -16.126 dB in the entire band.

Principle and Application of the Ball End Mill: Tool Radius Compensation for NURBS Curve Swept Surfaces Based on 3-Axis CNC Milling Machines

Zhaoqin Wang,Xiaorong Wang,Xiaoqin Liu,Yusen Wang,Chengyu Li,Tiesong Lin,Peng He 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.22 No.9

Common 3-axis CNC milling machines are generally equipped with 2D tool radius compensation (2D-TRC), which can realize TRC function for the contours in three basic planes when flat end mills are used. The 2D-TRC function makes engineers to program according to the actual contour of a part, and avoids over-cut phenomenon. Unfortunately, the 2D-TRC is unsuitable for ball end mills (BEMs), especially in the situation of milling complex curves or surfaces. In this work, a new TRC named BEM-TRC is used for milling NURBS curve swept surfaces using BEMs based on 3-axis CNC milling machines. In BEM-TRC, the TRC of a BEM involves radial and axial compensation. The cutting point (CP), which is the tangent point between a BEM and a NURBS curve, is considered as a calculation basis point. After obtaining a CP on a NURBS curve using the equi-arc length bisection interpolation method, the cutter center point of a BEM is calculated through off setting the CP the radius ( r ) distance of the BEM along its normal vector. Then the cutter location point of the BEM can be obtained according to the cutter center point. The CNC finishing program corresponding to the cutter location point can be obtained using Matlab software. The simulation based on VERICUT and machining based on a 3-axis milling machine verifies the effectiveness of the BEM-TRC. The over-cut phenomenon is avoided successfully when the BEM-TRC is used.

OsBAK1 is involved in rice resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99

Hualan Liao,Xiaorong Xiao,Xiuqiong Li,Yan Chen,Xiumei Fu,Daozhe Lin,Xiaolei Niu,Yinhua Chen,Chaozu He 한국식물생명공학회 2016 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.10 No.2

OsBAK1 gene belongs to a receptor like kinase gene family in rice and shares a highly conserved gene structure and sequence homology with Arabidopsis thaliana BAK1 gene. To investigate the role of OsBAK1 in rice immunity, the full-length cDNA of OsBAK1 was isolated by RT-PCR and the transgenic rice lines (over expression and RNA-interference lines) were generated using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The expression level of OsBAK1 was determined by q-PCR in overexpression and RNAi transgenic rice lines. Based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) results, two overexpression lines and two RNAi lines were evaluated in bioassays for resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99, the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease. Pathogenicity bioassays showed overexpression OsBAK1 lines exhibited resistance to blight disease whereas OsBAK1 RNAi lines promoted susceptibility. Besides, OsBAK1 can complement the function of AtBAK1 in Arabidopsis bak1 protoplast, activating FRK1 expression, a marker gene in PTI signaling pathway, after treatment by flg22. Furthermore, the transcriptional level of OsBAK1 was induced significantly in rice by defense signaling molecules such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and PXO99 inoculation. Our results illustrated OsBAK1 positively regulates plant defense against rice bacterium pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99.

Ball End Mill—Tool Radius Compensation of Complex NURBS Surfaces for 3-Axis CNC Milling Machines

Zhaoqin Wang,Xiaorong Wang,Yusen Wang,Ruijun Wang,Manyu Bao,Tiesong Lin,Peng He 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.8

In order to extend the 2D-TRC (tool radius compensation) function of 3-axis CNC milling machines to ball end mills (BEMs), a new TRC named BEM-TRC is proposed to achieve successful milling of complex surfaces without over-cut. The implementation of the BEM-TRC for complex surfaces depicted in NURBS model is divided into three steps. The first one is to search the cutting point (CP) on a NURBS surface using equi-arc length interpolation in u or v direction. The second one is to accomplish BEM-TRC at the CP through offsetting the CP to the cutter center point (CCP) of a BEM along the normal vector at CP. The third one is to compute the cutter location point (CLP) of the BEM according to the BEM-CCP. The simulation and experiment verifies that the BEM-TRC is feasible and effective, and can avoid over-cut phenomenon successfully. The BEM-TRC extends the ability of the traditional 2D-TRC function, and makes 3-axis CNC milling machines to accomplish the milling process of complex NURBS surfaces.

Optimal Relay Selection and Power Allocation in an Improved Low-Order-Bit Quantize-and-Forward Scheme

( Jianrong Bao ),( Dan He ),( Xiaorong Xu ),( Bin Jiang ),( Minhong Sun ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.11

Currently, the quantize-and-forward (QF) scheme with high order modulation and quantization has rather high complexity and it is thus impractical, especially in multiple relay cooperative communications. To overcome these deficiencies, an improved low complex QF scheme is proposed by the combination of the low order binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation and the 1-bit and 2-bit quantization, respectively. In this scheme, the relay selection is optimized by the best relay position for best bit-error-rate (BER) performance, where the relays are located closely to the destination node. In addition, an optimal power allocation is also suggested on a total power constraint. Finally, the BER and the achievable rate of the low order 1-bit, 2-bit and 3-bit QF schemes are simulated and analyzed. Simulation results indicate that the 3-bit QF scheme has about 1.8~5 dB, 4.5~7.5 dB and 1~2.5 dB performance gains than those of the decode-and-forward (DF), the 1-bit and 2-bit QF schemes, at BER of 10^-2, respectively. For the 2-bit QF, the scheme of the normalized Source-Relay (S-R) distance with 0.9 has about 5dB, 7.5dB, 9dB and 15dB gains than those of the distance with 0.7, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1, respectively, at BER of 10^-3. In addition, the proposed optimal power allocation saves about 2.5dB much more relay power on an average than that of the fixed power allocation. Therefore, the proposed QF scheme can obtain excellent features, such as good BER performance, low complexity and high power efficiency, which make it much pragmatic in the future cooperative communications.

Three-Month Follow-Up Study of Survivors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 after Discharge

Liang Limei,Yang Bohan,Jiang Nanchuan,Fu Wei,He Xinliang,Zhou Yaya,Ma Wan-Li,Wang Xiaorong 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.47

Background: Most patients including health care workers (HCWs) survived the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), however, knowledge about the sequelae of COVID-19 after discharge remains limited. Methods: A prospectively observational 3-month follow-up study evaluated symptoms, dynamic changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG and IgM, lung function, and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of survivors of COVID-19 after discharge at Wuhan Union Hospital, China. Results: Seventy-six survivors (55 females) with a mean age of 41.3 ± 13.8 years were enrolled, and 65 (86%) were HCWs. A total of 69 (91%) patients had returned to their original work at 3-months after discharge. Most of the survivors had symptoms including fever, sputum production, fatigue, diarrhea, dyspnea, cough, chest tightness on exertion and palpitations in the three months after discharge. The serum troponin-I levels during the acute illness showed high correlation with the symptom of fatigue after hospital discharge (r = 0.782; P = 0.008) and lymphopenia was correlated with the symptoms of chest tightness and palpitations on exertion of patients after hospital discharge (r = −0.285, P = 0.027; r = −0.363, P = 0.004, respectively). The mean values of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, total lung capacity and diffusion capacity were all normal (> 80% predicted) and lung HRCTs returned to normal in most of the patients (82%), however, 42% of survivors had mild pulmonary function abnormalities at 3-months after discharge. SARS-CoV-2 IgG turned negative in 11% (6 of 57 patients), 8% (4 of 52 patients) and 13% (7 of 55 patients), and SARS-CoV-2 IgM turned negative in 72% (41 of 57 patients), 85% (44 of 52 patients) and 87% (48 of 55 patients) at 1-month, 2-months and 3-months after discharge, respectively. Conclusion: Infection by SARS-CoV-2 caused some mild impairments of survivors within the first three months of their discharge and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 antibody was limited, which indicates the necessity of long-term follow-up of survivors of COVID-19.

Biosynthesis of Three Chalcone β-D-glucosides by Glycosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633

( Yinuo Fei ),( Yan Shao ),( Weiwei Wang ),( Yatian Cheng ),( Boyang Yu ),( Xiaorong He ),( Jian Zhang ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.49 No.2

Chalcones exhibit multiple biological activities. Various studies have attempted to modify the structure of chalcones with a special focus on the addition of substituents to the benzene rings. However, these chemical modifications did not improve the water solubility and bioavailability of chalcones. Glycosylation can markedly affect the physical and chemical properties of hydrophobic compounds. Here, we evaluated the ability of a highly promiscuous glycosyltransferase (GT) BsGT1 from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 to biosynthesize chalcone glucosides. Purified BsGT1 catalyzed the conversion of 4'-hydroxychalcone (compound 1), 4'-hydroxy-4-methylchalcone (compound 2), and 4-hydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (compound 3), into chalcone 4'-O-β-D-glucoside (compound 1a), 4-methylchalcone 4'-O-β-D-glucoside (compound 2a), and 4'- methoxychalcone 4-O-β-D-glucoside (compound 3a), respectively. To avoid the addition of expensive uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc), a whole-cell biotransformation system was employed to provide a natural intracellular environment for in situ co-factor regeneration. The yields of compounds 1a, 2a, and 3a were as high as 90.38%, 100% and 74.79%, respectively. The successful co-expression of BsGT1 with phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (GalU), which are involved in the biosynthetic pathway of UDP-Glc, further improved the conversion rates of chalcones (the yields of compounds 1a and 3a increased by approximately 10%). In conclusion, we demonstrated an effective whole-cell biocatalytic system for the enzymatic biosynthesis of chalcone β-D-glucoside derivatives.