Alcohol extract of Geum Chung Cho alleviates alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment in gerbils

Han-Sam Cho,Tae-Woon Kim,Sang-Seo Park,Mal-Soon Shin,Jae-Min Lee,Eun-Sang Ji,Chang-Ju Kim 한국운동재활학회 2015 한국운동재활학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Chronic ethanol consumption leads to memory impairment and also induces brain damage. The hippocampus has been particularly regarded as a possible target organ of alcoholic intoxication, since this structure plays a prominent function in memory processes. Cordyceps has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for a long time. Different types of Cordyceps extract were reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune modulatory effects. Guem Chung Cho is an artificial cultivated Cordyceps, and was supplied from GCordy (Seoul, Korea). Ethanol extract of Cordycep (50 g) was made by rotary evaporate, and resulting powder 8.29 g was obtained (yield 17%). In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Geum Chung Cho on short-term memory, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of ethanol-treated gerbils. The gerbils were divided into 5 groups (n = 10 in each group): Control group, alcohol-treated group, alcohol-treated and 0.001 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, alcohol-treated and 0.01 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, and alcohol-treated and 0.1 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group. Gerbils in the alcohol-treated groups were orally administered ethanol (1 g/kg) once a day for 2 weeks. Gerbils in the Guem Chung Cho-applied groups were orally administered Guem Chung Cho extract at each dosage 1 hour before ethanol consumption. Our results revealed that consumption of alcohol for 2 weeks deteriorated short-term memory, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation, and reduced expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB). However, Guem Chung Cho treatment alleviated alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment through enhancing cell proliferation and BDNF expression with inhibiting apoptosis in the hippocampus. Guem Chung Cho showed maximum effects at 0.1 mg/kg. Based on these results, alcohol extract of Guem Chung Cho may provide therapeutic value for the treatment of chronic alcohol-inducted brain injury. This study was supported by GCordy company.

Skin entrance dose for digital and film radiography in Korean dental schools

Cho, Eun-Sang,Choi, Kun-Ho,Kim, Min-Gyu,Lim, Hoi-Jeong,Yoon, Suk-Ja,,Kang, Byung-Cheol 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

Purpose : This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods : Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results : The median dose was 491.2 μGy for digital radiography and 1,205.0 μGy for film radiography. The skin entrance dose digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion : Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.

Three-Dimensional Porous Collagen/Chitosan Complex Sponge for Tissue Engineering

Kim, Sung Eun,Cho, Yong Woo,Kang, Eun Jung,Kwon, Ick Chan,Lee, Eunhee Bae,Kim, Jung Hyun,Chung, Hesson,Jeong, Seo Young The Korean Fiber Society 2001 Fibers and polymers Vol.2 No.2

A three-dimensional, porous collagen/chitosan complex sponge was prepared to closely simulate basic extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes, collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The complex sponge was prepared by a lyophilization method and had the regular network with highly porous structure, suitable for cell adhesion and growth. The pores were well interconnected, and their distribution was fairly homogeneous. The complex sponge was crosslinked using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to increase its boilogical stability and enhance its mechanical properties. The crosslinking medium has a great effect on the inner structure of the sponge. The homogeneous, porous structure of the sponge was remarkably collapsed in an aqueous crosslinking medium. However, the morphology of the sponge remained almost intact in a water/ethanol mixture crosslinking milieu. Mechanical properties of the collagen/chitosan sponge were significantly enhanced by EDC-mediated crosslinking. The potential of the sponge as a scaffold for tissue engineering was investigated using a Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO-K1) line.

사상체질의학의 진화론적 고찰

지상은,조황성 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

Through the theoretical study on Sa-sang constitutional medicine from a evolutionary point of view, the result was obtained as follows. 1. The system of Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul(事心身物) in Sa-sang constitutional medicine is similar to the theory of evolution of Teilhard de Chardin. 2. The concept of Yin and Yang in Sa-sang constitutional medicine can be set up by the demand and necessity in the progress of evolution and the time of the differentiation of functions. 3. The Sung-Jung(性情) of each Sa-sang constitution can be explained as the strategy and form survival. 4. The theory of physiology, pathology and therapy in Sa-sang constitutional medicine can be hypothesized by the evolutionary standards which are related with the thermo-metabolism and hematopoietic-immune system.

Efficient Interleukin-21 Production by Optimization of Codon and Signal Peptide in Chinese Hamster Ovarian Cells

( Hee Jun Cho ),( Byung Moo Oh ),( Jong-tae Kim ),( Jeewon Lim ),( Sang Yoon Park ),( Yo Sep Hwang ),( Kyoung Eun Baek ),( Bo-yeon Kim ),( Inpyo Choi ),( Hee Gu Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.2

Interleukin-21 is a common γ-chain cytokine that controls the immune responses of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Targeting IL-21 to strengthen the immune system is promising for the development of vaccines as well as anti-infection and anti-tumor therapies. However, the practical application of IL-21 is limited by the high production cost. In this study, we improved IL-21 production by codon optimization and selection of appropriate signal peptide in CHO-K1 cells. Codon-optimized or non-optimized human IL-21 was stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells. IL-21 expression was 10-fold higher for codon-optimized than non-optimized IL-21. We fused five different signal peptides to codon-optimized mature IL-21 and evaluated their effect on IL-21 production. The best result (a 3-fold increase) was obtained using a signal peptide derived from human azurocidin. Furthermore, codon-optimized IL-21 containing the azurocidin signal peptide promoted IFN-γ secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in NK-92 cells similar to codon-optimized IL-21 containing original signal peptide. Collectively, these results indicate that codon optimization and azurocidin signal peptides provide an efficient approach for the high-level production of IL-21 as a biopharmaceutical.

TV 채널의 브랜드 이미지와 선호도 : 대구지역 공중파 TV를 중심으로

조성호,김보은 慶北大學敎 社會科學大學 2005 社會科學 Vol.17 No.-

이 연구는 대구 지역 세 공중파 TV 방송국의 이미지를 기능적 이미지와 상징적 이미지의 차원으로 조사하였고, 각 채널의 브랜드 이미지가 선호도에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 지역의 TV 채널은 기능적 이미지 -1)뉴스 프로그램에 대한 평가, 2)뉴스 이외의 지역 프로그램에 대한 평가, 3)방송사의 지역사회 공헌도, 4)프로그램 시청의 효용성- 에서 채널간 차이가 발견되었고, 이러한 차이는 대체적으로 대구KBS와 대구MBC, 대구KBS와 TBC 사이에서 크게 나타났다. 대구MBC는 뉴스와 프로그램을 잘 만드는 채널, TBC는 지역사회에 공헌하는 채널로 이미지가 형성되어 있는 반면, 대구KBS는 특정 부문에서 뛰어나다고 평가받는 이미지가 형성되어 있지 않았다. 둘째, 상징적 이미지인 채널 브랜드 개성에서도 채널간 차이가 발견되었다. 대구KBS가 신뢰할 만하고 전통적인 이미지, 대구MBC와 TBC는 진취적이고 성실한 이미지를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 채널의 이미지와 선호도와의 관계에서는, 대구KBS는 ‘시청의 효용성’ 차원, 대구MBC는 ‘채널 브랜드 개성’ 차원, TBC는 ‘뉴스 이외의 지역 프로그램 평가’ 차원이 채널 선호도에 가장 영향을 미치는 이미지로 나타났다. 각 방송사별로 나름대로 우위에 있는 이미지를 살려 채널 브랜드 자산을 높이고, 자사 채널의 브랜드 이미지가 선호도와 연결되도록 하는 효과적인 마케팅 전략이 요구된다. This study examined channel images of Daegu local broadcasting stations. Further, it examined the relationship between TV channel brand images and channel preference. The symbolic image among channels showed that there were differences in channel brand personality. Symbolic image was divided into four factors such as 'progressiveness,' 'sincerity,' 'reliability,' 'tradition.' KBS was symbolized with reliability and tradition where as MBC and TBC with progressiveness and sincerity. The results of analysing how symbolic image(channel brand personality) have an effect on preference of each channel showed that progressiveness was the most effective variable for all channels. Reliability and tradition didn't have any direct effect on preference. It suggested that placing emphasis on progressiveness could lead to get more preference for local broadcasting. Finally the overall results suggested that stations have to provide useful informational programs with high quality in order to enhance the image of each channel. The effective channel image structure are closely related to channel preference.

서울시 대기오염과 일별 사망의 상관성에 관한 시계열적 연구 (1998~2001년)

조용성,이종태,김윤신,홍승철,김호,하은희,박혜숙,이보은 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.6

This study was performed to examine the relationship between air pollution exposure and mortality in Seoul for the years of 1998~2001I. Daily counts of death were analyzed by general additive Poisson model, with adjustment for effects of seasonal trend, air temperature, humidity, and day of the week as confounders in a nonparametric approach. Daily death counts were associated with CO (current day), 0₃(current day), PM_(10) (current day), NO₂, (1 day before), SO₂, (1 day before). Increase of 41.711㎍/㎥ (interquartile range) in PM_(10) was associated with 1.3% (95% CI = 0.7~1.9%) increase in the daily number of death. 0₃concentrations resulted in an increased risk of 1.3% for 23.86 ppb in all-aged mortality [RR = 1.013 (1.004-1.023)]. This effect was greater in children (less than 15 aged) and elderly (more than 65 aged). After ozone level exceeds 25 ppb, the dose-response relationship between mortality and ozone was almost linear. We concluded that Seoul had 1~5% increase in mortality in association with IQR (interquartile range) in air pollutants. Daily variations in air pollution within the range currently occurring in Seoul might have an adverse effect on daily mortality. These findings also support the hypothesis that air pollution, at levels below the current ambient air quality standards of Korea, is harmful to sensitive subjects, such as children or elderly.

공공기관 키오스크의 접근성 평가 연구 : 접근성 지침을 중심으로

조주은,이성일,박성원 한국정보사회진흥원 2004 정보화정책 Vol.11 No.1

최근 정보화가 매우 빠른 속도로 이루어지면서 정보격차에 대한 우려 역시 커지고 있다. 정보 격차의 주된 원인으로는 연령, 학력, 직업, 소득, 지역, 성 등 사회·인구학적 요인을 들 수 있지만, 이에 못지 않게 물리적 ·인지적 장애를 지닌 사용자를 포함한 모든 사람들이 사용할 수 있도록 설계되지 않아서 발생하는 것이다. 이러한 정보 격차는 주로 장애인과 노인들에게 발생하는데, 이들 중 상당수는 정보화의 해택을 받기 위한 전제조건이라고 할 수 있는 정보통신 제품과 서비스의 조작 자체가 불가능한 실정이다. 따라서 장애인과 노인의 정보 격차를 해소하기 위하여 우선적으로 해결해야할 문제는 정보통신 제품과 서비스에 대한 접근이 가능하도록 설계하는 것이다. 국내에서는 정보통신 제품과 서비스의 접근성을 확보하기 위하여 2002년 1월 정보통신부 고시로 "장애인·노인 등의 정보통신 접근성 향상을 위한 권장 지침"을 제정하였다. 본 연구에서는 (1) 접근성 지침의 보완과 개선을 위하여 구체적인 checklist를 개발하고, (2) 정보통신 제품과 서비스의 접근성 지침의 준수를 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 접근성 지수를 산출할 수 있는 방법론을 제시하고, (3) 가장 모범적으로 접근성 지침을 준수하여야 할 공공기관의 키오스크를 대상으로 접근성을 평가하였다. Kiosk의 접근성 평가는 국가 및 지방자치단체, 기타 공공기관에서 운영하고 있는 키오스크를 대상으로 접근성의 수준을 분석하였는데, 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 키오스크의 접근성 평가 결과 접근성 지수는 46.36으로, 낮은 편으로 조사되었다. 접근성 checklist 항목별로는 '인지능력의 보완'은 비교적 양호한 편이었으나, '반응시간의 보완'에 대한 고려는 매우 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째 checklist 항목별로 개별 키오스크의 편차가 상당히 큰데, 이것은 제품 설계 방식과 관리의 차이에 기인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 정보통신 제품 개발자와 구매자 모두에게 실질적인 checklist로 활용되어 접근성 지침 자체의 실효성을 높이는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

길안천(경북 안동)의 저서성대형무척추동물 군집변동 및 생물학적 수질평가

조희욱,김경호,노상은,박진영,서을원,이종은 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

A biological assessment of water quality was carried out in Giran stream from May 203 to January 2004. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected seasonally from 5 field sites were identified mostly up to species level. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 88 species, 68 genera,42 families, 14 orders, 5 class and 4 phyla. The dominance index (DI) showed the high-est as 0.802 at site 5 and the lowest as 1.643 at site 3. Ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate (ESB) showed the highest as 103 at site 2 and the lowest as 63 at site 3. All surveyed sites were Oligosaprobic that the water quality estimated by ecological score of benthic macroinvertebratc community.

경로분석을 통한 만성질환 노인 환자의 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인 모델 설정

조은희,전진호,이상원 대한노인병학회 2000 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.4 No.3