약물대사효소계로서의 Flavin-Containing Monooxygenases(FMOs)

강주섭,이민호 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

Together with the cytochrome P-450(CYPs) containing mixed function oxidases, the flavin-containing monooxygenase(FMOs) included in mammalian tissue microsomes play a major role in the initial oxidation of xenobiotics containing soft-nucleophiles, including alkaloids, pesticides and drugs to polar metabolite for easier conjugation and excretion. These include tertiary and secondary alkyl- and arylamines, many hydrazines, thiocarbamides, thioamides, sulfieds, disulfides, thiols and other soft nucleophiles. This flavinprotein that catalyzes NADPH- and oxygen-dependent oxidation of a wide range of xenobiotics and durgs is typical for the enzyces of detoxification. The FMO share a mechanism distinctly different from other oxidases bearing flavin, heme or other redox-active prosthetic groups. Several major advances has been made during the last 10 years regarding our understanding of the FMOs, including their catalytic properties, role inmetabolic transformation of xenobiotics to both less and more toxic metabolites, molecular structure, expression patterns, and phenotypes of its activity. There is no question that FMOs are fundamentally different from the enzymes of biosynthesis in that precise binding, tight fit of the xenobiotic substrate to the enzyme is not necessary for catalysis. Therefore, We try to illustrate the various aspect of FMOs characteristics such as substrate specificity, stereoselectivity, molecular characterization and regulation of expression, bioactivation of xenobiotics, contemporary issues in drug metabolism in human in this review.

Gymnema산이 췌장도의 Beta-세포에 미치는 영향

강주섭,서대규,김수조 한양대학교 의과대학 1991 한양의대 학술지 Vol.11 No.2

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of gymnemic acid(GA) on the ultrastructure as well as cellularity of β-cell in the pancreas of rats(N=12). Also studied was the effect of GA on the serum insulin and blood glucose levels during intravenous glucose tolerance test(IVGTT) in man(N=10). Healty adult male rats(Wistar strain) weighing around 200 gm were divided into the three groups; the control, 500mg-GA, and 800mg-GA groups. GA was administered orally 3 times daily for 14 days. All experimental animals were given food and water ad labitum and were sacrificed at 15th day after the administeration of GA and starved for 24 hours before sacrificing them. The specimens obtained from the pancreatic tissues were fixed in 10% neutral formalin for 18 hours at 4℃. After embedding in paraffin, the specimens were sectioned with microtome to a theckness of 6mm. For observing the cellularity of β-cell in the pancreatic islets, Gomori's stain was performed. For studying the ultradtructural changes in pancreatic β-cell, pancreas specimens of 1m㎥ size were prefixed in 2.0% glutaraldehyde-2.5% parpformaldehyde phosphate buffer solution(pH7.2) and post-fixed in the 1% osmic acid. After specimens were dehydrated and embedded in the Epon 802, sectioned by ultramicrotome(HT-2, Sorvall Porter-Blum, USA) to a thickness of 600Å, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate by double contrast method. And these preparations were observed with electron microscope (Hitachi H-600). In IVGTT with or without oral GA(15mg), the subjects were fasted for 12 hours before glucose loading(20ml of 25% glucose solution). The blood glucose and serum insulin level were determined respectively by Glucoscot GT-4301 and EIA(enzyme immunoassay)-insulin kit "Insulotek Mochida" before and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after glucose loading. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In GA(500 mg/kg & 800 mg/kg) treated rats, the cellularity of β-cell throught the pancreatic islets were markedly increased. 2. The insulin secretoty granuled with or without dense core increased in the 500mg-GA group, and the similar changes were obtained in the 800mg-GA group. 3. Following glucose loading, blood sugar level of normal subject elevated from 80.7±2.7 mg/dl to 163.2±15.9mg/dl in 60min. On the other hand, blood glucose level increased from 78.0±2.9mg/dl to 152.1±10.7mg/dl in 30 min after simultaneous administration of glucose and GA. 4. In the IVGTT the serum insulin concentration rose from the basal level of 7.1±1.4 mU/ml to 74.8 15.5 mU/ml while it elevated from 7.4±1.4mU/ml to maximal level of 113.9±33.1 mU/ml in the IVGATT with oral GA. Consequently, it is suggested that gymnemic acid has the direct simulatory effects on the insulin production and secretion of the pancreatci β-cell, and therfore it may be useful for the therapy or prevention of diabetes mellitus.

한국판 아동용 예일-브라운 강박 척도:신뢰도와 타당도 연구

정선주,이정섭,강윤형,조성진,서동혁,홍강의 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2000 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.11 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 소아, 청소년의 강박 증상을 평가하기 위한 도구인 아동용 예일-브라운 강박척도(Childen's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale : Y-BOCS)의 한국판을 제작하여 그 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하고자 시행되었다. 방법 : 강박장애로 진단된 42명의 아동과 청소년들을 대상으로 CY-BOCS를 시행하였다. 평가자간 신뢰도를 측정하기 위하여 20명의 환자를 2명의 평가자가 동시에 면담하였다. 수렴타당도와 변별타당도의 검증을 위해 총괄적인 임상 인상척도-강박장애(Clinical Global Impression-Obsessive Com-pulsive Disorder : CGI-OCD). 아동용 Leyton 강박 척도(Lryton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version : LOI-CV), 소아우울척도(Child Depression Inventory : CDI), 소아 상태-특성 불안척도(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children : STAI-C)를 시행한다. 결과 : Cronbach's α값으로 평가한 내적 일치도는 0.86으로 높게 나타났다. CY-BOCS 전체 점수 강박사고, 강박행동 소척도 점수에 대한 군내 내적일치도는 각각 0.94. 0.94. 0.84로 우수한 평가자간 일치도를 보였다. CY-BOCS 전체 점수와 CGI-OCD 점수간의 상관관계는 매우 높게 나타났고(r-0.88), LOI-CY 총점과도 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계(r=0.51)가 관찰되었다. CY-BOCS 전체 점수와 STA-I-C의 상태불안 점수간에는 상관관계가 나타나지 않았고(r=0.25), 특성불안 점수(r=0.43) 및 CDI 점수(r=0.49)와는 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 결론 : 본 연구결과, 한국판 CY-BOCS의 높은 타당도 및 신뢰도가 입증되었으며, 향후 강박 증상의 객관적인 평가 및 정량화를 위해 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다. Objective : This study was carried out to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean form of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale(CY-BOCS). Method : Forty-two children with obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)(31 boys and 11 girls, aged 7 to 18 years) were assessed with CY-BOCS. Interrater agreement was assessed by two raters in subsample(n=20). discriminant and convergent validity were assessed by comparing CY-BOCS scores to Clinical Global Impression-OCD(CGI-OCD), Leyton Obsessional Inven-tory-Child Version(LOI-CV), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children(STAI-C), and Child Depression Inventory( CDI ). Results : Internal consistency was high, measuring 0.86 for the 10 items and total score. The intraclass correlations for the CY-BOCS total, obsession, and compulsion scores were 0.94, 0.94, 0.84, suggesting excellent interrater agreement for subscale and total scores. The CY-BOCS total score showed highest correlation with CGI-OCD(r=0.88), and significant correlation with LOI-CV(r=0.51), Trait Anxiety score(r=0.43), and CDI scores(r=0.49), but it was not correlated with State-Anxiety score(r=0.25). Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that the Korean form of CY-BOCS is a reliable and valid scale for rating obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. KEY WORDS : Development · Rating scale · Obsessive-compulsive disorder · Reliability Validity.

한국어판 예일 틱 증상 평가척도 : 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구

정선주,이정섭,유태익,구영진,전성일,김봉석,홍강의 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

목 적 : 틱 증상의 심한 정도를 평가하기 위한 도구인 예일 틱 증상 평가척도(Yale Global Tic Severity Scale)를 한국판 가정 평가용 설문지 및 임상 평가용 척도로 개발하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 예일 틱 증상 평가척도는 뚜렛 장애 및 기타 틱 장애에서 나타나는 운동틱과 음성틱 각각의 증상의 수, 빈도, 심한 정도, 복합성, 방해 정도 및 장해도를 포괄적으로 평가하도록 고안되어져 있다. 틱 증상을 주소로 정신과외래를 방문한 만 4.3세에서 19세까지의 100명의 환아 및 부모들을 대상으로 한국어로 번역한 예일 틱 증상 평가척도의 가정평가용 설문지를 평가전에 완료하도록 한 후, 면담을 통한 임상평가용 척도를 실시하였으며 수렴타당도 및 변별타당도의 검증을 위해 총괄적인 임상 인상척도-뚜렛 증후군, 강박장애, 주의력결립/과잉운동장애(Clinical Global Impression-TS, OCD, ADHD)를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 자료분석결과 내적일치도, 수렴타당도, 변별타당도 및 검사자간 신뢰도 모두 매우 높게 나타났으며 요인분석상 전 항목척도와 장해도는 운동틱과 음성틱에 해당하는 2개의 요인으로 묶여졌다. 결 론 : 본 연구결과 한국판 예일 틱 증상 평가척도의 높은 타당도 및 신뢰도가 입증되었으며 이는 향후 틱 증상의 객관적인 평가 및 정량화를 위해 유용하게 사용되어질 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : This study was carried out to develop the Korean form of Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS)-family & clinical rating version. The severity of motor and phonic tics was rated according to five separate dimensions : number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference. Methods : The Korean form of YGTSS was applied to 100 children who visited psychiatric outpatient clinic with chief complaints of tic symptom. Together with YGTSS, Clinical Global Impression for Tourette's syndrome(CGI-TS), Obsessive-Compulsive disorder(CGI-OCD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(CGI-ADHD) were administered to all subjects for examining convergent and discriminant validities. Results : We could confirm high internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validities and interrater reliability of YGTSS by analysing data from 100 children with tic disorder. In factor analysis, items were clustered to 2 factors which were identical to motor and phonic tic subscales. Conclusion : The results of this study indicate the Korean form of YGSS is a reliable and valid rating scale for rating tic symptom severity. It can be used to evaluate tic symptom objectively and to quantify the tic severity in the studies for tic disorder.

주의력 결핍·과잉행동장애 소년의 자기공명 영상을 이용한 뇌량 및 측뇌실의 계량적 특성분석

이정섭,홍강의,김주한 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

By means of retrospecitive quantitative neuroanatomic imaging, the authors assessed the corpus callosum and the lateral venticle in the boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). The midsagittal cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum, divided into seven regions, and the axial ventricle-brain ratio were measured from magnetic resonance images of 18 boys with ADHD and 15 comparison boys. Two anterior regions, the genu and the rostral body, were found to have significantly smaller areas in the ADHD boys. There was no significant difference in ventricle-brain ratio between ADHD and comparison boys. This finding supports the theory of abnormal frontal lobe development in ADHD.

Li₂O-Na₂O-SiO₂유리의 화학적 내구성

곽주섭,강은태 국립경상대학교 공과대학 부설 첨단소재연구소 1992 尖端素材 Vol.2 No.-

The reactions between water and mixed alkali glasses have been studied in the several temperatures and times ranging from a few to several houndred minutes. The effects of composition, SA/V ratios, and temperatures on the chemical durability were examined and the magnitude of the mixed-alkali effect was shown to be related to both the corrosion kinetics and the dominant mechanism of corrosion. If SA/V and temperature are higher, the mixed-alkali effect become large. Fro pH≥9, this effect also clearly appears. Because the leaching tendency of alkali and SiO₂are similar, the corrosion mechanism can be explained by ion-exchange and congruent leaching for SiO₂-rich nrotective laver.

국가직업능력표준 실용화를 위한 제도화 방안

나승일,김주섭,김주일,정연앙,구자길,김강호,문세연 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 일-교육훈련-자격이 연계될 수 있도록 노동부의 국가직업능력표준을 국가차원에서 개발·운영·관리될 수 있는 제도화 방안을 마련하는데 있었다. 연구목적 달성을 위해 문헌고찰 및 내용분석, 포커스그룹인터뷰를 실시하였고, 연구결과의 타당성 확보를 위해 전문가협의회 및 공청회를 실시하였다. 국가직업능력표준 제도화는 표준의 실용화를 제고할 수 있도록 관련용어 정의, 총괄기구, 표준개발 및 승인, 표준 활용에 관한 인프라 구축에 필요한 사항이 규정되도록 관계 법령을 정비하는 것이다. 표준 제도화를 위해 다음과 같은 사항이 관계 법령에 명시되도록 해야 한다. ① 표준 제도화를 위해 직업, 직업능력, 직무, 표준 등을 관련법에 정의해야 한다. ② 국가직업능력표준 관련 부처 및 다양한 이해당사자의 참여를 기반으로 한 국가직업능력표준 사업 전담 조직을 설치하고, 표준사업에 대한 자문과 심의를 담당할 수 있는 위원회를 구축한다. ③ 다양한 산업분야 단체가 표준개발의 주체가 될 수 있도록 지원하고, 표준의 수준 설정을 통해 직종 내 수직적 경력개발을 촉진하며, 개발된 표준에 대한 지속적인 관리와 현장적합성을 승인하는 체제를 구축해야 한다. ④ 국가직업능력표준은 산업현장에서는 인력을 채용하고 관리하는 기준으로, 교육훈련에서는 교육과정을 개발하고 교과목 및 교재를 개발하며 현 교육과정을 평가하는 기준으로, 자격체계와는 표준의 자격화, 새로운 자격설계, 자격의 출제기준으로 활용될 수 있도록 지원해야 한다. 이를 위해 국가기술자격법, 근로자직업능력개발법, 산업인력공단법 등 관계 법령을 개정하거나 국가직업능력표준에 관한 특별법을 제정할 필요가 있다. 한편, 국가직업능력표준 제도화 단계에 따른 구체적인 추진과제와 이를 실현하기 위한 정책적 제언을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to develop the institutionalization that NOS(National Occupational Standard) was developed, operated and managed for linking with work, training and qualification. To achieve the purpose, literature reviews, contents analysis and focus group interview were conducted, and experts council and a public hearing were executed. The institutionalization is the legislation consolidation to regulate details related infra construction as follows for improving utilization of NOS. ① It should be defined occupation, occupational competency, job, standards and so forth on the related laws. ② A organization which take exclusive charge with and a council which consult and deliberate on NOS projects should be established through the cooperation between stakeholder and government organization. ③ It should be supported that various industrial parties including SHRDC are the main body for development of NOS, promoted vertical career development by occupation through establishing level of NOS, and established system that manage continually and approve practical application of NOS. ④ It should be supported that NOS is used as a criterion for recruiting and managing workforce, a criterion for developing and evaluating curriculum and educational materials in training, having qualification for itself, designing for new qualification, and a criterion for setting questions for a qualifying examination. To improve utilization of NOS, It need to be consolidated the related laws including National Technical Qualifications Act and Workers' Vocational Competency Development Act or to be enacted a special law on NOS. Moreover, this study suggested action plan according to the stages of institutionalization, and political proposal for effective actualization of action plan.

Gymnemic acid의 간장 및 신장의 조직에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구

박순록,신인철,강주섭,서대규 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1994 環境科學論文集 Vol.15 No.-

생체에 투여된 물질은 생체내에서 아무 변화없이 체외로 배설되는 경우도 있지만, 대부분은 체내에서 여러가지 생화학적 변화를 거쳐 배설된다. 이런 체내에서의 생화학적 변화는 주로 간장에서 일어나고, 이런 물질과 그 대산사물의 배설은 주로 신장에서 이루어지며, 일부는 다른 경로를 통하기도 한다. 그러므로, 약물의 대사 및 배설장기인 간장과 신장에 이런 물질이 축적되면 그 장기가 손상되는 악순환을 거치게 된다. 이에, 본 실험은 2000여년 전부터 오늘에 이르기까지도 인도지방에서 비만이나 당뇨병에 대한 민간요법제로 이용되어 온 Gymnema sylvestre 잎의 유효성분인 gymnemic acid의 신장과 간장의 조직에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 실시하였다. 실험동물은 정상 Wistar계 웅성 흰쥐(체중 200gm 내외)를 사용하였고, 실험기간중에 먹이와 물은 자유로이 공급하였다. 실험군은 정상대조군과 동일한 조건하에서 15일동안 gymnema산을 각각 500㎎/㎏, 800㎎/㎏의 용량으로 하루 3회, 즉 오전 7시, 오후 2시, 오후 7시에 각각 경구투여하고, gymnema산 투여 15일째 24시간동안 절식시킨 후 경동맥사혈로 희생시킨 다음 개복하여 간우측 전엽과 우측 신장을 적출하여 일반 육안적 소견과 Hematoxylin 및 eosin 이중염색상의 광학 현미경적 소견을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 흰쥐 신장의 육안적 소견과 Hematoxylin 및 eosin 이중염색 소견에서는 정상 대조군과 GA투여군에서 특기할 만한 소견이 관찰되지 않았다.(Fig 1-a, 1-b, 1-c). 2. GA(500㎎/㎏)투여군 흰쥐 간장에서 Hematoxylin 및 eosin 이중염색 소견상 간소엽의 중심대와 일부 중간대에서 동양혈관이 확장되었고, 간세포대의 배열이 불규칙해졌으며, 간세포내의 간세포배열이 불규칙해졌고, 공포변성이 초래된 간세포도 관찰도었다(Fig. 3-a,3-b). 3. GA(800㎎/㎏) 투여군 흰쥐 간장에서 Hematoxylin 및 eosin 이중염색 소견상 간소염 전반에 걸쳐 동양혈관이 확장되었고, 간세포대배열이 불규칙해졌으며, 간세포대내의 간세포 배열이 불규칙해졌고, 공포변성이 초래된 간세포도 관찰되었다(Fig. 4-a, 4-b). The majority of the chemicals that enter a living system is taken to elimination by hepatic biotransformation and renal excretion of its metabolites and unchanged form. But, some chemicals are also excreted into feces or through other routes. Therefore, the accumulation of the chemicals in the liver and kidney have damaged the organs. It was more than 3000 yours ago that Gymnema sylvestre. Asclepaidaceae piant indegenous to certain regionss of the tropical and subtropical countries, began to be used a popular folk medicine among native population in India in order to treat obesity and "Madhumeha(DM)" and its use still continues to today in India. Theorefore, this study has the purpose to investigate the effect of gymnemic acid(GA) Which is an effective ingredient of Gymnema sylvestre on the liver and the kidney. In the study, Wistar albino male rats weighing around 200gm were divided into three groups, basic diet group(control), GA(500㎎/㎏)group, GA(800㎎/㎏)group, and administered orally the gymnemic acid for 15 days in dose of 500㎎ and 800㎎ per ㎏ of body weight triple a day. All animals were sacrificed at 15 days after the daministration of gymnemic acid and starved for 24 hours sacrificing them, the specimens and eosin. The specimens have been examined grossly and light microscopically. The results were as follows. 1. In the gross and light microscopic observations of the kidney, the control and all experimental groups were not observed pathologic findings. 2. The gross observations of the liver of the of the control and all experimental groups wrer not observed pathologic findings. 3. The sinusoidal dilation, hepatic cord irregularity and disarrangement of hepatocyte were observed in the central zone and a part of intermediate zone of the hepatic lobule of the 15 days GA(500㎎/㎏) administered group. 4. The sinusoidal dilatation, hepatic cord irregularity, disarrangement of hepatocyte and abnormal shaped hepatocytes were observed in all zonesof the hepatic lobule of the 15 days GA(800㎎/㎏) administered gruop. Consequently, it is suggested that administration of large dose of gymnemic acid in the normal rats induces hepatic cellular damages.

DDB(Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate)-제제의 생물학적 이용율(bioavailability)에 대한 연구

이인묵,서대규,강주섭 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1992 環境科學論文集 Vol.13 No.-

동일 유효성분을 동량 함유하는 약제라 할지라도 제형이나 제조과정에 따라 유효성분이 투여된 제형으로부터 유리되어 작용부위에 도달되는 속도와 양에는 차이가 있을 수 있으며, 그 차이를 반영해 주는 생물학적 이용율(bioavailability)은 해당제형의 합당한 효능이나 유해작용의 예방을 위한 용량결정, 생물학적 동등성(bioequivalence) 확립의 기본요소가 된다. 약리작용의 발현은 유효성분의 분자생물학적 특징에 의존되며, 그 강도는 작용부위에서의 농도에 따라 결정된다. 그러나, 작용부위에서의 농도를 직접 측정하기는 불가능할 때가 많기 때문에 일반적으로 유효성분의 혈중 농도를 기준으로 한다. 최근, 중국에서는 한방제인 "북오미자(北五味子)"의 열매 Fructus Schizandrae Chinesis Bailli에서 분리한 성분이 Schizandrin C의 합성동속체인 biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate(DDB)를 간장치료제로 개발하여 정제를 초기 제형으로 제조하였으나, 정제는 생물학적 이용율이 낮아 소수성인 DDB의 습윤, 분산, 용해성을 촉진하기 위한 polysorbate 80과 polyethyleneglycol 6000을 첨가한 새로운 제형으로서 미소과립교갑제를 뒤이어 제조 판매하고 있어 초기 정제와 새 제형인 교갑제의 생물학적 이용율을 비교, 검정하였다. 본 실험에서는 유효성분DDB의 체중 Kg당 100mg을 함유하는 양의 정제와 교갑제를 성숙 가토에 경구투여하고 투약 1시간전과 투약 후 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 및 25시간에서의 DDB의 혈중농도를 HPLC법으로 측정하였으며, 이를 기준으로 농도-시간곡선을 작성하여 투약 후 성취되는 최고 혈중 농도와 이에 도달되는데 요하는 시간 및 생물학적 애용율을 검정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 교갑제 경구투여로 성취되는 DDB 혈중농도가 경제투여시의 그들의 5배이상으로 유의하게 (p<0.05)높았다. 2. 투약후 성취되는 최고 혈중농도는 교갑제투여시는 정제투여시의 거의 3배가 되는 유의한 (p>0.05) 높은 치였고, 최고 혈중농도에 도달되는 시간도 교갑제투여시가 정제투여시보다 빠른 경향이 있었다. 3. 농도-시간곡선하면적에 의한 생물학적 이용율의 평균치(±S.E)는 정제투여시의 45.3±18.3㎍.hr/ml에 비하여 교갑제투여시는 321.4±64.3 ㎍.hr/ml으로서 7배를 약간 넘는 현저한 (p<0.05) 상승을 보여주었다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어 보았을 때는 DDB 7.5mg을 함유하는 교갑제 한개는 DDB 25mg을 함유하는 정제 두개를 투여했을 때와 동등한 효능을 발현할 것으로 추정된다. The bioavailability is the measurement, relative to some standard, of the rate and amount of drug which reaches the systemic circulation unchanged, following administration of the drug product. The bioavailability of a given drug entity can vary significantly depending upon the route of administration and the type of dosage form and fundamental factor to determine bioequivalence and therapeutic dose in order to achieve effect and prevent its side effect. The pharmacological response and its magnitude depended upon its molecular biological characteristics and its concentration at the site of action. DDB(biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate) is Schzandrin C derivatives which extracted from Fructus Chizandrae Chinesis Bailli and has been used the treatment of hepatic disease. The tablet of DDB preparation is water insoluble and has low bioavailability. But a new capsule preparation has polysorbate 80 and PEG 6000 as a vehicle in order to accelerate its absorption. A bioavailability study of DDB was done on 12 rabbits weighing 1.8kg∼2.2kg. The rabbits were fasted for 4 hours before oral administration of 100mg/kg of DDB. The serum concentration of the DDB were measured using HPLC method before and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 25 hours after DDB administration. The assessment of data obtained was done using plasma concentration-time profile of two DDB preparations. The results obtained were as following: 1) The oral administration of capsule generally leads significantly to high plasma DDB concentration 5 times as much as tablets. 2) The highest plasma DDB concentration (??) of capsule achieves merely 3 times as much as tablets and the length of time(??) required to achieve the maximal plasma DDB concentration of the capsule is shorter than tablets. 3) The total integrated area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of DDB (±S.E) can be used as a rough estimate of amount of drug absorbed in systemic circulation. The AUC of capsule, 321.4±64.3㎍.hr/ml, was merely 7 folds that of tablets, 45.3±18.3㎍.hr/ml, meaning that the absorption of DDB capsule is better than that of DDB tablet. These results suggested that one capsule contains 7.5mg of DDB take as same effect as that of two tablet contains 25mg of DDB.

正常 Rat에서의 蔗糖經口投與에 依한 高血糖症에 미치는 대추나무 葉 抽出物의 影響

고현철,서대규,김병수,강주섭 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1994 環境科學論文集 Vol.15 No.-

대추나무의 열매는 漢方에서 여러方面에 廣範이 利用되고 있으나 그 잎은 利用되지 않고 있으나 이 잎에는 甘味受容抑制用과 糖의 腸에서의 吸收抑制作用을 가지는 成分이 含有되어 있음이 밝혀져 糖吸收抑制物質로서의 開發의 對象이 될 수 있을 것이다. Insulin??乏等으로 因하여 耐糖能에 異常이 있는 疾患에서는 糖吸收을 抑制함으로 腸管에서의 急擊한 大量의 糖의 吸收를 事前에 防上시켜 Insulin分泌細胞에 대한 負荷를 輕減시켜 줄 수 있는 것임으로 대추나무 葉 抽出物이 糖吸收抑制作用이 있는지를 確認코져 蔗糖負荷動物에서의 血糖値 上昇反應에 미치는 대추나무 葉 抽出物이 作用을 檢討하여 다음과 같은 成績을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 대추나무 葉 抽出物이 負荷된 蔗糖量의 1/10에 該當되는 比較的 少量에서는 蔗糖負荷에 依한 血糖値上昇作用을 抑制할 수 없었다. 2. 比較的 大量 卽 蔗糖負荷量의 3/10에 該當되는 用量에서는 대추나무 葉 抽出物이 蔗糖負荷에 依한 血糖値上昇을 有意하게 抑制하였다. 以上의 結果로 미루어 보아 대추나무 葉 抽出物은 糖攝取에 의한 血糖値上昇反應을 억제하여 비만과 당뇨병치료에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The fruits of the Ziziphus jujuba have been to use an application in the various ways of chinese medicine and the leaves of this plant have been not to use for this purpose. But, It was pointed out that leaves of the Ziziphus jujuba contain the ingredients of inhibitory action in sweet taste reception of the tongue and intestinal absorption of glucose. Therefore, it is done to developing substance as inhibitory substance of intestinal glucose absorption. The patients with glucose intolerance because of insulin deficiency have a condition of a sudden intestinal glucose absorption. For this reason, the suppression of the sudden glucose absorption alleviate loads of insulin secretion of pancreatic islet cell. In this study, the author have the purpose which confirms the effect of EZJ to intestinal glucose absorption by sugar intake with this substance, that is, levels of blood glucose after sucrose in dose of 6g/kg of body with EZJ in dose of 0.6g/kg of weight were determined to investigate the effect of EZJ on the elevation of blood glucose levels with sugar intake in normal rats. After an overnight fasting, sucrose solution was given orally to the control group. Experimental groups were divided into single EZJ, Triple EZJ, EZJ administered at 2 hours and 1 hours before sucrose and another one with sucrose. Blood glucose levels were determined with Glucoscott at just before and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after sucrose adminstration. The results were as follow : 1. The relative small amounts of EZJ in does of a tenth of sucrose loading dose was not suppressed the elevation of blood glucose levels with oral sugar intake. 2. The relative large amounts of EZJ in does of three tenth of sucrose loading dose was significantly suppressed the elevation of blood glucose levels with oral sugar intake. Presnt results suggest thae EZJ has a suppressive effect on raising blood glucose levels after oral sucrose administration. This fact would be the advantage of EZJ in an application to the therapy or prevention of dabetes mellitus and obesity.