Metallurgical Process for Total Recovery of All Constituent Metals from Copper Anode Slimes: A Review of Established Technologies and Current Progress

Jae‑chun Lee,Kurniawan Kurniawan,Kyeong Woo Chung,Sookyung Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Copper anode slimes, the by-product of the copper electrorefining process, have been the subject of extensive investigationfor recovering precious metals viz., Au, Ag, Pt and Pd, in addition to being the main source of rare/energy-critical elementssuch as Se and Te. There have been various approaches aiming at the development of extraction processes involving thermaland aqueous approaches and their combination. In this paper, the literature relating to the treatments of copper anode slimeis compiled to present the underlying concept for the total recovery of all valuable metals from anode slimes. The industrialand proposed scenarios gathered from various sources show that the basis of applying different streams essentially dependson the concentration of copper and selenium in the slimes. Copper anode slime processing has a history of being in a developmentperiod, though at times showing overlaps. The discussion of each metallurgical process is basically explained bythermodynamic analysis using suitable software as well as fundamentals of the chemistry. Recent progress is highlightedand compared to the established technologies with regard to environmental impact and economic consideration/feasibility. This discussion is followed by the construction of a conceptual flowsheet on the progress currently made. It is expected thatfurther work regarding metal recovery from copper anode slimes would objectively shorten the number of stages for thepretreatment as well as metal separation from leach solutions.

한국의 철도정책 조망

이재경(Lee Jae Kyeong) 한국철도학회 2006 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Korean Railway has contributed to the national economy since the opening era of railway at the time of Kyeong-in Line Establishment. There has been line establishment, variation of train"s Kinds and the development of technique and operations. But there some about stagnation by the development of ground transport and air service. Now, we are engaged in the new era of train transport by electricity especially, express railway(KTX). Korea is a peninsular in the East Asia, small territory, for the more, under the hard fact of divided nation. Hence, Korea"s railway development and it"s policy are consist with the problems in the inside or outsides. Here, we would compare and analyze the policy proposals based on these real facts and railway capitals therefore, we wish to contribute to the future plan and operation of Korean railway.

비정질 인듐갈룸ᅳ아연-산화물 박막트랜지스터 기반의 AMOLED 화소 회로

이재표(Jae-Pyo Lee),유경민(Kyeong-Min Yu),장진녕(JinNyoung Jang),홍문표(MunPyo Hong),배병성(Byung Seong Bae) 호서대학교 공업기술연구소 2013 공업기술연구 논문집 Vol.32 No.2

본 논문은 비정질 인둠ᅳ갈f ᅳ아연-산화물 박막트랜지스터 (a-IGZO TFT)를 이용하여 능동형 유기발광다이오드 (AMOLED)용 문턱전압(Vth )을 보상하는 화소 회로를 제안하였다. 산화물 TFT는 n-채널 TFT로써, 우리는 n-채널 TFT 특성으로 회로를 최적화하였다. 제안된 화소 회로는 회로 시뮬레이션 뿐만 아니라 회로 분석을 이용하여 확인되었다. 제안된 화소 회로는 AMOLED에서 구동 TFT의 문턱전압 변화를 보상할 수 있다. 제안된 화소 회로를 이용함으로써, 문턱전압 보상은 달성되었다. rhis paper proposes a tnresnold voltage compensation pixel circuit for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AM OLED) using amorphous indium-gaUiimi-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs), Oxide TFT is an n-channel TFT; therefore, we optimized the circuit for the n-channel TFT characteristics. The proposed pixel circuit was verified using circuit analysis as well as circuit simulations. The proposed circuit could compensate for the threshold voltage variations o f drive TFT in AM OLED. Using the proposed pixel circuit, threshold voltage compensation was achieved.

Analyzing Public Opinion and Emotions Using Tweets and Online-Comments toward Candidates in 2017 South Korean Presidential Election

Na Kyeong Lee,Jae Mook Lee,Gidong Kim 한국학술연구원 2019 Korea Observer Vol.50 No.4

The 2017 Korean presidential election was different from previous presidential elections for two reasons: First, it was a by-election due to the unprecedented impeachment of the president Park Geun-hye, and second, more than three candidates from multiple parties competed in the election. Since Moon Jae-in was predicted to easily win, the fight for the second place - between Hong Joon-pyo and Ahn Cheol-soo - was very competitive. In order to understand the electoral dynamics, we collect and analyze tweets and online-comments toward major candidates with logic of granger causality. We find that public sentiment toward Ahn does Granger-cause changes in online sentiment toward other candidates both from major and minor parties. This result shows that Ahn played a pivotal role in the 2017 presidential election, and implies that Koreans are eager to have alternative forces.

2차원 및 3차원 초음파를 이용한 태아표면의 해부학적 선별 검사에 관한 연구

윤석범,이해혁,이정재,최경훈,이순곤,이임순,이권해 순천향의학연구소 1998 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.4 No.2

Objective : Our purpose of this study was to determine the clarity and consuming time of fetal surface screening in thirty-eight fetuses from 24 to 32 weeks of gestation by use of two and three-dimensional ultrasonography. Methods : From May 1998 to July 1998, we performed the fetal surface screening of the fetal face, extremities, and spine. Thirty-eight fetuses of 24-32 weeks of gestation (thirty-seven normal fetuses and one abnormal fetus) were studied by use two-dimensional (AI 5200S, 3.5-5.0MHz; Acoustic Imaging Technologic Cooperation, U.S.A.) and three-dimensional ultrasonography (Volusion 530D, 3.5-5.0 MHz ; Kretz-Medicine, Korea). On the fetal face, we evaluated both orbits, nose, lips and brow. Both hands and feet, five digits and toes should be seen in this study. We evaluated cervical spine and lumbosacral junction of the spine. Results : The maternal average age of 38 patients was 29.9 years and the average gestational age was 29.7 weeks. The results of fetal surface screening were as follows : face (both orbits 89.5%, lips 92.1%, nose 92.1%, and brow 89.5%), extremities (both hands 68.4% and feet 73.7%), and spine (cervical spine 94.7% and lumbosacral junction 97.4%) by use of two-dimensional ultrasonography. By use of three-dimensional ultrasonography, results were as follows : face (both orbits 76.3%, lips 81.6%, nose 81.6%, and brow 78.9%), extremities (both hands 76.3% and feet 78.9%), and spine (cervical spine 71.1% and lumbosacral junction 73.7%). Consuming time for two-dimensional ultrasonography were 4.7 minutes for face, 11.6 minutes for extremities, and 5.7 minutes for spine. Using three-dimensional ultrasonography results were 12.8 minutes for face, 17.9 minutes for extremities, and 11.7 minutes for spine. Average consuming time of all fetal anatomic screening was 22.0 and 42.4 minutes by use of two and three dimensional ultrasonography. In one abnormal fetus had cleft lip and polydactyly of right foot which were detected all by three-dimensional ultrasonography, but we couldn't detect the polydactyly by two-dimensional ultrasonography. Conclusion : Three-dimensional ultrasonography was more time-consuming method, but we suggested that three-dimensional ultrasonography was superior than two-dimensional ultrasonography in fetal surface screening.

경추손상의 형태와 원인

이용재,이경석 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.4

We present a series of 205 patients with cervical spinal injury. Those patients were treated at Soonchunhyang University Chonan Hospital during eight-year-period (January 1986-December 1993). We collected data on types and causes of cervical spinal injuries, and frequency of cord injury retrospectively. Most(74.1%) of the cervical spinal injuries occurred in those patients with 20-60 years of age, and the peak age was the third decade. Male to female ratio was 3.2 : 1. Upper cervical(C1, C2) spine was injured in 22.9%, and lower cervical (C3-7) spinal injuries constituted 69.3%. In 7.8%, there were spinal cord injuries without radiological abnormality(SCIWORA). C6 was the most common level of cervical spinal injury, followed by C2, C5, C7 in that order, and the injury was least common in C1, C2 shared 87.2% of the upper cervical spinal injury. In lower cervical spine, C5-7 shared 79.6%. The common causes of injury were passenger traffic accidents (48.8%), falls (28.3%), and pedestrian traffic accidents (11.7%). In upper cervical spinal injuries, falls were more common than pedestrian traffic accidents, vice versa in lower cervical spinal injuries. Anatomical sites of spine injuries were intervertebral joint in 43.4%, body in 43.4%, pedicle and lamina in 11.1%, and processes in 8.5%. In two cases (1.1%), penetrating injury was responsible to the cord injury. Intervertebral joint and body injuries were common in fall, and less common in pedestrian traffic injury. Lamina injuries were common in traffic injuries and less common in falls. Process injuries were common in pedestrian traffic accidents, and less common in falls. SCIWORA was least common in pedestrian traffic accidents. Common types of injury were odontoid process fracture type Ⅲ and hangman fracture in the upper cervical spine. In lower cervical spine, dislocation(32.4%), subluxation(10.6%), and fracture-dislocation(10.6%) were common types. Cord injury occurred in 103 patients (50.2%). The rate of cord injury was dependent to the level and types of spinal injury. Age, cause, and site of injury did not significantly affect the rate of cord injury. The rate of cord injury in the upper cervical spine was 29.8%, and it was 51.4% in thw lower cervical spine. Dislocation was the most common type of injury resulting cord injury (76.0%), followed by fracture-dislocation (68.8%), body fracture (34.8%), lamina fracture (33.3%) in that order. Victims who were aged, injured by passenger's traffic accident or fall, and injured at the joint revealed the higher rate of cord injury, but those differences were statistically not significant. We again confirmed that cord injury occurred in more than a half of the cervical spine injuries, and were most common in those 20-50 years of age, that is the most active and productive period of life. Cervical spine is the most common site of spine injury, and most cervical spine injuries were brought on by potentially preventable causes. To reduce the number of secondarily disabled persons, an effort to prevent traffic accidents, the most common causes, is required.

팔꿈치 경직 환자의 회복 운동을 위한 재활 로봇 시스템 개발

이정완,이재경 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2008 産業技術硏究 Vol.28 No.A

This paper describes the mechanical and control design of a robotic device for providing therapeutic assistance to arm movement following stroke. This is a new robot for arm therapy applicable to the training of activities of daily living in homes and clinics. This instrument has one degrees of freedom, and is equipped with position and force sensors. Repetitive movement can improve movement performance in patients with neurological or orthopaedic lesions. The application of robotics can serve to assist, enhance, evaluate, and document neurological and orthopaedic rehabilitation of movements. The new robot, the mechanical structure, the control circuit, the sensors and actuators and some safety aspects.

도시지역 노인의 건강행위 실천 실태

이태진,배상수,이기홍,임재영,강경화 노인간호학회 2008 노인간호학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the health status and health behavior practices of elders living in urban areas. Methods: The participants were selected by convenience sampling and consisted of 137 elders 65 or over living in a city in Kyunggi Province. Data collection was done through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Results: Of the participants. 66.4% perceived their health status as 'not healthy'. The average number of present illnesses reported by the elders was 1.7. The average scores for health behavior practices were low (smoking cessation: 1.64, drinking abstinence: 1.79, exercise: 0.40, regular diet: 1.54, weight control: 1.67, regular physical check-up: 0.77). The scores for health behaviors practices showed significant differences according to general characters and health status. Conclusion: Health promotion programs for elders should be designed to enhance health behaviors practices.

탄소 나노튜브의 전계방출 특성

이경원,김은미,권민철,김용,이재열,박홍준 동아대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구에서는 emitter와 collector 사이의 간격과 current density 대 electric field (J-K)특성을 초점으로 카본나노튜브의 전계방출 특성을 조사하였다. 카본 소스로 CH4, 촉매 및 희석가스로서 NH3를 사용하고 HFCVD를 이용하여 실리콘 위에 카본나노튜브를 성장하였다. 나노튜브의 지름이 20-40nm이고 길이는 15㎛이다. I-V곡선에서 onset voltage는 Vons=3.36V/㎛이고, 2.5V/㎛ 의 전기장에서 8mA/cm2이상의 높은 전류밀도 특성을 보였다. Fowler-Nordheim 그래프를 그려서 팁의 특성을 나타내는 β값을 계산하였다. We report the field emission properties of carbon nanotube, focusing on current density versus electric field (J-F) characteristics and the spacing between the emitter and collector. We grow carbon nanotubes on sillicon using hot-fillament chemical vapor deposition, using CH4 gas as the carbon source and NH3 gas as the catalyst and dilution gas. Nanotubes are distributed from 20 to 40nm in diameter and 15㎛ long. Onset field of the field emission is 3.36V/㎛ and the current density is 8mA/cm2 at an electric field of 2.5V/㎛. A Fowler-Nordheim plot was made. Field enhancement factor β is calculated.

정보화 사회에 대한 세가지 이론적 관점과 한국사회의 과제

이재경 이화여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 사회과학연구논총 Vol.5 No.-

사회이론가들은 정보화 사회를 어떻게 접근하고 정의해 왔는가? 서로 다른 이론가들이 제기하는 현실적 문제들은 어떠한 것들이 있고,그와 관련해 한국사회가 해결해야 할 거시적 과제들은 어떻게 정리될 수 있는가? 이 연구는 크게 이렇게 두 개의 연구문제를 다룬다. 정보화는 사회적으로 어떠한 의미를 갖는지 탐구하기 위해 정보화에 대한 주요한 이론적 흐름을 분석한 이 연구는 전반부에서 정보화 사회에 관한 이론적 흐름을 크게 세 가지로 구분한다. 첫번째 조류는 프릿쯔 매컬럽에서부터 마크 포래크, 앨빈 토플러, 다니엘 벨, 피터 드러커 등을 포함하는 "정보경제"(Information Economy)적 접근법 이다. 두 번째 흐름은 해롤드 이니스, 마샬 맥루한, 마크 포스터 등이 대표하는데, 이 연구에서는 이들의 관점을 "인문, 사회이론"적 접근이라고 정리했다. 마지막으로 세 번째 관점은 유르겐 하버마스, 노엄 촘스키, 벤 베지키언 등과 유네스코의 맥브라이드 위원회 등이 앞장 서온 입장이다 이 연구는 이같은 입장을 "비판적 관점"으로 묶어 정리하는데 주로 '정보 불평등"의 문제에 논의의 초점을 맞췄다. 논문의 후반부에서는 정보화를 실천하는 청사진이 되는 국가, 지역별 정책추진 방향을 논의한다. 여기서는 주로 미국과 유럽연합의 정책기조와 한국의 대응자세를 집중적으로 정리한다. 이 연구에서는 마지막 부분에 한국사회가 충분히 주목하지 못하는 네 가지 사회적 과제를 제시하는데, 이들은 디지틀 해독능력의 문제와 정보에 대한 보편적 접근권, 아날로그 시대와 단절의 극복, 정보화 사회에서의 생활윤리의 제도화 등을 주요 내용으로 한다. How have social theorists approached the notion of the information society? What are the major lines of thoughts treating the process of what is called informatization? What are the main practical issues these threorists commonly emphasize regardless of their nationalities and political orientations? What could be the issues the Korean society needs to address for desirable transition into the information society? These are the questions this essay deals with. In the first half, this essay classifies various studies on the notion of information society into three groups largely based on the theoretical assumptions and research objectives. The first group is represented by scholars such as Fritz Machlup, Marc Porat, Daniel Bell and Peter Drunker, The paper summarizes this line of thought as the "information economy" perspective. The second approach, which is named as "social/humanities theoretical perspective, includes works by such theorists as Harold Innis, Marshall McLuhan, lames Carey and Mark Poster. Finally, the third perspective is summarized as the "critical studies." The Main proponents of this group range from Juergen Habermas, Noam Chomsky, Ben Bagdikian and the MacBride Commission. The preoccupation of this line of thought is the problem of social as well as international "information imbalance." In the second half, the essay discusses some key tasks the Korean society needs to carry out for efficient transformation into a desirable information society. The digital literacy, the institutionalization of the notion of the universal access, bridging the digital-analog divide, and the consideration of the code of ethics in the information environment are the four main issues suggested for urgent deliberation.