加熱溫度와 時間이 全乳의 pH와 Rennet 凝固時間에 미치는 影響

金容輝 中部大學校 農業開發硏究所 1997 農業開發硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구는 과다하게 적체된 전지분유의 활용방법으로 전지분유를 이용한 치즈제조방법을 개발하기 위한 기초자료로서 全乳의 加熱處理條件(溫度와 時間)이 全乳의 pH와 rennet 응고시간에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였으며. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가열온도와 가열시간은 全乳의 pH에 상당한 영향을 미쳐, 80℃에서 가열처리된 가열유의 pH는 가열 20분 이내에 pH가 6.70에서 6.52로 저하되었다. 50℃와 60℃에서 가열처리한 시료의 경우 가열초기의 pH 저하속도는 빠르지 않았으나. 가열시간 30분 이내에 pH 저하의 대부분이 이루어졌으며, 가열온도(50~80℃)에 따른 가열 4시간 후의 pH는 각각 6.57, 6.53, 6.49, 6.47로 나타났다. 4℃에서 2시간까지의 냉각저장은 가열유의 pH와 rennet 응고시간에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였으나, 냉각저장시간이 증가함에 따라 가열유의 pH는 점차 증가하였으며, 30℃에서 24시간 동안 乳化時 pH는 완전히 회복되는 것으로 나타났다. 낮은 온도(50℃)에서의 가열은 rennet 응고시간에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였으나 더 높은 온도(60~80℃)에서의 가열과 가열시간의 연장(0~4시간)은 rennet 응고시간을 현저히 지연시켰으며, 80℃에서 20분 이상 가열처리한 시료의 경우는 응고가 일어나지 않았다. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of heating temperatures and times on pH and rennet coagulation time(RCT) of whole milk. The results obtained were summarized as follows : Heating temperatures and times had significant effects on pH and RCT of milk. Heating milk at 80℃ reduced its pH from pH 6.70 to 6.52 in 20 min. At 50 and 60℃ the initial pH drop was not as sharp, but much of the decrease was in the first 30 min of heating. After 4 hrs of heating, pH of milk fell to 6.57, 6.53 when milk was heated at 50, 60℃ and to 6.49. 6.48 when heated at 70, 80℃. Cold storage at 4℃ for up to 2 hrs did not have a significant effect on pH and RCT. But the pH of heated milk increased as cold storaging times progressed, and completely reversed when milk is equilibrated at 30℃ for 24 hrs. The lower temperature(50℃) did not have a significant effect on RCT but extended heating(0~4 hrs) and elevated temperatures(60~80℃) retarded markedly RCT of heated milk. When the milk heated at 80℃ for 20 min or longer, the milk failed to coagulate on renneting.

지난 50년간 국내 심리치료무선통제연구에 대한 체계적 평가

제갈은주,장선경,이가영,최기홍 한국임상심리학회 2014 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.33 No.4

The aim of study was to evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCT) of psychotherapy published between 1961 and 2014 in Korea using the Randomized Controlled Trial-Psychotherapy Quality Rating Scale (RCT-PQRS). On-line searches were performed using the key words, “psychotherapy” or “psychological training” through the RISS and KISS. A total of 75 RCTs of psychotherapy were selected as finals, and independently rated by three researchers. Results showed that 65% of the selected 75 studies were published in the Korean Journals of Psychology such as the Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology. Only nine of the 75 studies were rated 24 or above (the cut-off for a “reasonably well done” study), and eight of the nine studies were published in the Korean Journals of Psychology. Overall, the results showed that the quality of RCTs was rated lower than those reported in previous RCT-PQRS studies targeting RCTs conducted in North America and Europe. Finally, the quality of RCTs was similar between studies using active and inactive controls. Even though RCTs reported in the Korean Journals of Psychology appear to be more rigorous than those reported in other Korean Journals, education within psychology is urgent for improving the quality of the psychotherapy RCT methodology and execution in Korea. Future directions, implications and limitations were discussed.

국내 심리치료 무선통제연구: 학회지 및 기간별 분석을 통한 체계적 고찰

이가영,장선경,제갈은주,구훈정,최기홍 한국임상심리학회 2017 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.36 No.3

Randomized controlled trial (RCT) is one of the gold standards of evidence for efficacy of psychotherapy that allows causal interpretations between a specific psychotherapeutic approach and outcomes. Thus, results from the RCTs are considered a basis for determining which psychotherapeutic approaches should be delivered to the public. In the current study, we aimed to systematically review psychotherapy RCTs conducted in South Korea and to analyze them according to the journals published in and their publication periods (i.e., 1983-2003, 2004-2006, 2007-2011, and 2012-2015). In addition, we have evaluated the quality of RCTs by employing the Randomized Controlled Trial of Psychotherapy Quality Rating Scale (RCT-PQRS). A total of 91 RCTs were finally selected for the current analysis. Four journals (i.e., Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Korean Journal of Health Psychology, and Korean Journal of East West Mind Science) were included in the analysis since they published at least five RCTs. The results showed that there were no differences in study characteristics (e.g., sample characteristics, types of psychotherapy) between the research periods whereas RCT quality scores have increased over time. Overall, RCTs published in Korean Psychological Association (KPA) Journals had greater RCT quality scores than those published in non-KPA Journals. In terms of the analysis of published journals, there were significant differences in study characteristics (e.g., sample characteristics, types of control groups, types of psychotherapy) between journals. Several issues and implications are discussed for researchers and policy makers in order to enhance quality of RCTs and to disseminate evidence-based information about efficient psychotherapeutic approaches to the public.

뜸을 이용한 RCT임상연구의 경향에 대한 개괄

손창규 ( Chang Gue Son ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.1

Objective: To make comprehensive picture of clinical trials using moxibustion and their results by today, then help a strategy for moxibustion-derived clinical studies in the future. Methods: Surveyed literatures containing randomized controled clinical trial (RCT) from PubMed and Korean journals. Analysis was performed according to distribution mainly by study subject, target diseases, study design, and its efficacy. Results: Fifty two literatures were selected according to inclusion criteria of randomized controled clinical study. Moxibustion-derived RCT have been rapidly increased from 2003 since the first was published in China in 1992. The main subjects of RCT are associated with immunity, cancer, arthritis, chronic colitis and urogenital disorders, which are connected to cold-elated pathogenesis. The average number of subjects was 94, and direct-moxibustion was mainly applied. The control groups were set up by giving conventional therapy, herbal medicine, acupuncture or only observation. The most of RCTs showed positive results. Conclusions: This study would be helpful for designing or conducting RCTs to develop the scientific development of moxibustion.

RCT모형을 사용한 한국과 일본 대학생의 SNS 정보탐색행동 비교분석

박현지 ( Park Hyun-jee ),박영배 ( Park Young-bae ) 한국일본근대학회 2017 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.58

본 연구에서는 영국대학에 유학중인 한국과 일본 학생들의 자아 존중감 정도를 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 Dresang (1999)이 주장한 급진적 변화이론 (Radical Change Theory)의 정보탐색행동과 자아 존중감의 연관 관계를 이용하여 대학생들의 정보탐색 행동 유형을 분석하고자 한다. 먼저 조사 대상자의 특성을 파악하고, 성별, 나이, 등록 학위과정으로 분류하여 각 항목별 점수에 따라 자아 존중감을 측정하고 분석하였다. 마지막으로 자아 존중감이 학생들의 정보탐색행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 한국유학생의 경우 자아존중감은 정보탐색행동 유형 1, 유형 2 및 유형 3 모두에 유의미한 영향을 미치지만, 일본유학생의 경우 유형 1을 제외한 유형 2와 유형 3의 정보탐색행동에만 영향을 미친다. 즉, 자아 존중감이 높은 경우 자신의 생각이나 의견을 적극적으로 표현하거나 다른 이들과 소통하고자 하는 성향이 높으며, 이러한 성향이 활발한 SNS활동을 통해 정보탐색행동에 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 의미한다. 이는 아직까지 적극적으로 검증되지 않은 정보탐색 행동에 대한 연구 타당성을 제시하는 좋은 결과라고 생각 한다. This paper investigates how self-esteem level affect to information behaviour of Korean and Japanese students on UK Universities using Dresang’s (1999) RCT model. In the study, we identify the demographic of the survey participants, and measured self-esteem level according the age, gender and academic registration level. Then, we conducted multi-regression analysis to analyze the influence of the students’ information on their behaviour. We found that 1) self-esteem level affect to the Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 Korean students information behaviour and 2) self-esteem level affect to the Type 2 and Type 3 Japanese students information behaviour. When self-esteem level is high, it is highly desirable to express onself actively or to communicate with others. It is understood that self-esteem level has greatly influenced the conduct of information behaviour.

RCT논문을 중심으로 한 퇴행성 슬관절염 침구 치료 방법에 대한 고찰

김은정,이승덕,정찬영,윤은혜,장민기,남동우,김현욱,이은용,김경호,이건목,이재동,김갑성 대한침구의학회 2009 대한침구의학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives : To analyze the inclusion criteria of participants, control group interventions, and the results of prior studies of acupuncture for OA. Also to identify aspects of the procedure that are associated with positive outcomes in order to establish ideal acupuncture treatment model. And to assess the methodological quality of the trials with modified Jadad score and FEAS in order to evaluate the quality of prior studies and find out whether or not acupuncture has a positive effect in treating OA. Methods : Articles up to the date of November 2008 were searched via computerized databases of PubMed, Journal of Korean Oriental Medicine, The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & MoxibustionSociety and Journal of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine. Bibliographies of reviewed papers were also searched and reviewed. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews concerning the effects of acupuncture or electroacupuncture (EA) on symptoms of osteoarthritis of the human knee, published in English and Korean were included. The acupuncture treatment methods of the reviewed trials were assessed based on STRICTA. And the methodological quality of the trials was assessed by modified Jadad score and FEAS. Results : Twenty one trials of acupuncture for OA were analyzed. Based on the results of this review the following factors might contribute to optimal results from acupuncture treatment. 1) Usage of ST35, GB34, EX32, ST36 and SP9 acupuncture points. 2) More than four acupuncture points should be used. 3) More than 15 minutes of needle retention time. 4) Needle length-40mm and diameter-0.30mm. 5) Usage of EA 6) more than 10 times treatment 7) Treatment frequency of more than once a week, 8) Treatment duration longer than 6 to 8 weeks. Conclusions : High quality clinical trials of Acupuncture for OA is still in lack. Future investigators must concentrate their attentions on the quality of acupuncture treatment itself used in the trials as well as the methodological quality of trials.

Systemic Review of RCTs focusing on Chronic Fatigue

손창규 대한한의학회 2009 대한한의학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Objective:This study aimed to build an overview of randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) for chronic fatigue-related symptoms to extract the useful data for management of patients and development of therapeutics using Korean traditional medicine in the future. Methods:All RCT-derived papers for chronic fatigue-related symptoms were collected via PubMed Database. We surveyed elementary information of RCTs such as clinical question, study design, and its quality and results. Results:A total of fifty-three RCTs met these review criteria. Most of the RCTs were performed in Western countries, particularly the UK and USA. The major portion of RCTs focused on chronic fatigue syndrome using immune modulators, psychotherapeutic and anti-depressants. Five RCTs using complementary and alternative medicine, including herbal remedies, showed positive results. Conclusions:Fatigue-related symptoms are a main target of Oriental medicine. This study provides helpful information for planning clinical study of chronic fatigue-related symptoms using traditional Korean medicine. Objective:This study aimed to build an overview of randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) for chronic fatigue-related symptoms to extract the useful data for management of patients and development of therapeutics using Korean traditional medicine in the future. Methods:All RCT-derived papers for chronic fatigue-related symptoms were collected via PubMed Database. We surveyed elementary information of RCTs such as clinical question, study design, and its quality and results. Results:A total of fifty-three RCTs met these review criteria. Most of the RCTs were performed in Western countries, particularly the UK and USA. The major portion of RCTs focused on chronic fatigue syndrome using immune modulators, psychotherapeutic and anti-depressants. Five RCTs using complementary and alternative medicine, including herbal remedies, showed positive results. Conclusions:Fatigue-related symptoms are a main target of Oriental medicine. This study provides helpful information for planning clinical study of chronic fatigue-related symptoms using traditional Korean medicine.

Report of the 3rd Japan-Korea Workshop on Acupuncture and EBM;Protocol development for the acupuncture trial on the osteoarthritis of the knee

Jang, Jun-Hyouk,Kenji, Kawakita,Hahn, Seo-Kyung,Park, Hi-Joon,Lee, Seung-Deok,Kim, Yong-Suk,Norihito, Takahashi,Toshiyuki, Shichidou,Kazunori, Itoh,Eiji, Sumiya,Eiji, Furuya,Hitoshi, Yamashita,Hiroshi The Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2006 대한침구의학회지 Vol.23 No.6

The 3rd Japan-Korea Workshop on Acupuncture and EBM was held at Kanazawa on June $16^{th}$. From Korea team, 4 papers were presented. Dr. Hahn introduced a new approach of data analysis on series of n-of-1 trials using the Bayesian statistics. It offered important information for the future n-of-1 trials. Dr. Park clearly demonstrated the significance of various sham devices proposed and stressed the importance of research questions when we choose the control intervention in RCT. Dr. Lee reported the results of survey in Korean Medical Doctors (KMD) for their point selection and techniques to the distal and local points. Dr. Kim presented the results of face to face survey on the KMD with 28 items for acupuncture treatment on the knee OA. Finally, a draft of protocol was introduced by Dr. Kim. The title was "multi-center, a randomized, single blinded, two arms, parallel-group study to compare the effectiveness and safety of 'individualized acupuncture' and 'standardized minimal acupuncture' in Korean and Japanese patients with knee osteoarthritis (Phase IV)". From Japan team, 7 speakers presented their comments and proposals on the protocol. Dr. Takahashi introduced several issues regarding n-of-1 trials and pointed out the importance of obtaining generalizability from n-of-1 trials. Dr. Shichidou pointed the importance of research design, selection of outcome measures and reduction of biases. Dr. Itoh presented the results of point selection for the knee OA based on the literature survey. Dr. Sumiya introduced several differences between KMD and Japanese acupuncturists based on the questionnaire used in KMD survey. Dr. Furuya demonstrated a result of press tack needle and its sham device on shoulder stiffness. Dr. Yamashita introduced the results of literature survey regarding adverse events occurred by acupuncture on knee OA. Dr.Tsukayama stressed the importance of responsibility of Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the conduction of clinical trials. After several issues were discussed, the need of continued meeting for final protocol development was agreed, then the workshop was closed.

Systemic Review of RCTs focusing on Chronic Fatigue

Son, Chang-Gue The Society of Korean Medicine 2009 대한한의학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Objective: This study aimed to build an overview of randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) for chronic fatigue-related symptoms to extract the useful data for management of patients and development of therapeutics using Korean traditional medicine in the future. Methods: All RCT-derived papers for chronic fatigue-related symptoms were collected via PubMed Database. We surveyed elementary information of RCTs such as clinical question, study design, and its quality and results. Results: A total of fifty-three RCTs met these review criteria. Most of the RCTs were performed in Western countries, particularly the UK and USA. The major portion of RCTs focused on chronic fatigue syndrome using immune modulators, psychotherapeutic and anti-depressants. Five RCTs using complementary and alternative medicine, including herbal remedies, showed positive results. Conclusions: Fatigue-related symptoms are a main target of Oriental medicine. This study provides helpful information for planning clinical study of chronic fatigue-related symptoms using traditional Korean medicine.

Systemic Review of RCTs focusing on Chronic Fatigue

Chang-Gue Son 대한한의학회 2009 대한한의학회지 Vol.30 No.6