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( Eiji Yamada ),( Hidenori Ohkubo ),( Takuma Higurashi ),( Eiji Sakai ),( Hiroki Endo ),( Hirokazu Takahashi ),( Eri Uchida ),( Emi Tanida ),( Nobuyoshi Izumi ),( Akira Kanesaki ),( Yasuo Hata ),( Tet The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.5
Background/Aims: Left-sided diverticulitis is increasing in Japan, and many studies report that left-sided diverticulitis is more likely to be severe. Therefore, it is important to identify the features and risk factors for left-sided diverticulitis. We hypothesized that left-sided diverticulitis in Japan is related to obesity and conducted a study of the features and risk factors for this disorder in Japan. Methods: Right-sided di-verticulitis and left-sided diverticulitis patients (total of 215) were compared with respect to background, particularly obesity-related factors to identify risk factors for diverticulitis. Results: There were 166 (77.2%) right-sided diverticulitis patients and 49 (22.8%) left-sided diverticulitis patients. The proportions of obese patients (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, p=0.0349), viscerally obese patients (visceral fat area ≥100 cm2, p=0.0019), patients of mean age (p=0.0003), and el-derly patients (age ≥65 years, p=0.0177) were significantly higher in the left-sided-diverticulitis group than in the right-sided-diverticulitis group. The proportion of viscerally obese patients was significantly higher in the left-sided-diverticulitis group than in the left-sided-diverticulosis group (p=0.0390). Conclusions: This study showed that obesity, particularly visceral obesity, was a risk factor for left-sided diverticulitis in Japan. (Gut Liver 2013;7:532-538)
Declining Japanese Yen in the Changing International Monetary System
EIJI OGAWA,Makoto Muto 대외경제정책연구원 2017 East Asian Economic Review Vol.21 No.4
The US dollar has kept as a position of key currency in the global economy in the changing international monetary system where the euro was introduced to some states of the EU in 1999. It is an evidence of inertia of the US dollar as a key currency. Our previous study (Ogawa and Muto, 2017b) conducted empirical analysis to investigate effects of several events on inertia of the US dollar. One of our findings was that the introduction of the euro increased utility of euro while utility of US dollar was kept unchanged. This paper examines the effects of the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis as well as the introduction of the euro on the utility of the Japanese yen. The introduction of the euro significantly decreased the utility of the Japanese yen. It indicates that the introduction of the euro increased the utility of the euro while reducing the utility of the Japanese yen rather than the utility of the US dollar. The utility of the Japanese yen has significantly decreased while the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis occurred. The Japanese yen has a declining trend in terms of its utility over time in the changing international monetary system.
Eiji Hiraki,Tarek Ahmed,Mutsuo Nakaoka,Shigeyuki Sugimoto,Shigeaki Ogawa 전력전자학회 2004 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper presents performance evaluations of active auxiliary resonant commutation bridge-leg snubber-assisted three-phase voltage source soft switching PFC rectifier using IGBTs which can operate under a principle of Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). This three-phase PWM rectifier implements a digital control scheme based on instantaneous power feedback control strategy. This soft-switching PWM rectifier power is more suitable and acceptable for high power applications as compared with the other types of resonant snubber-assisted soft switching PFC rectifiers. The operating performances of the three.phase PFC.PWM rectifier are illustrated and evaluated on the basis of simulational and experimental results.
State of The Arts in Manufacturing Software Standardization
Eiji Arai,Michiko Matsuda 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
The role of manufacturing software, such as being used in CAD/CAM/CAE, production management andscheduling, facility control, has increased the importance. The development of the unique platform and the common environment for them is also required in the internationally standardized way. This paper reports the history and the state of the arts in the standardization of manufacturing software in ISO/TC184 (Industrial Automation) from 1980s. There had been discussed in the manufacturing data description mainly in 20th Century that led the establishment of ISO MAPLE standards. Present trend has shifted from data standardization to software capability description in this field. The methodology of manufacturing software capability profiling is presented.
Eiji Yamamura 한국국제경제학회 2017 International Economic Journal Vol.31 No.3
This paper investigated the extent to which educational levels in the nineteenth century have shaped present-day norms, which influence the perceptions of present-day individuals, such as individuals’ perceived inequality, preference for redistribution, and progressive taxation. Cross-country, individual-level data were used to examine historical educational level and present-day perceptions of social and political issues. After controlling for various country-level and individual characteristics, the major findings were as follows: people in countries with higher educational levels in 1870 are less likely to support redistribution policies and progressive taxation. Moreover, people in countries with higher educational levels in 1870 are more likely to consider income inequality to be smaller.