An Assessment of Korean Students’ Environmental Literacy

Shin Donghee,Chu Hyeeun,Lee Eunah,Ko Heeryung,Lee Moonam,Kang Kyunghee,Min Byungmee,Park Junehee The Korean Earth Science Society 2005 한국지구과학회지 Vol.26 No.4

This study was initiated to understand what students know, how they feel, and how they act in the perspectives of environmental literacy. This study takes it a very serious problem that there has been no data about Korean students’status of environmental literacy so far. Based on the correct diagnosis of Korean students’ environmental literacy, environmental education in Korea, including national curriculum, teaching materials and strategy, would take the right way. This study accepts Simmon (1995)’s framework of environmental literacy, consisting of 5 areas, environmental knowledge, skills, affect, and behavior, which is consistent with general goals of environmental education. This study analyzed the relationship between areas in environmental literacy and factors contributing to improving students’ environmental literacy. This study also checked which factors, including age, gender, parents’ schooling, environmental education in schools, and students’ science-related attributes, contributed to improving students’ environmental literacy. The results of this study will help science educators keep in mind how important it is to teach science from the perspectives of environmental literacy.

Secondary Beginning Teachers' Views of Scientific Inquiry: With the View of Hands-on, Minds-on, and Hearts-on

박영신,Park, Young-Shin The Korean Earth Science Society 2010 한국지구과학회지 Vol.31 No.7

과학교육의 목표인 과학탐구에 대해서 초임과학교사들은 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 조사하였다. 교사의 과학탐구에 대한 인식은 학생들의 과학탐구에 대한 인식에 영향을 미치는 것을 고려할 때 연구의 의미가 있다고 할 수 있겠다. 126명의 초임교사들을 대상으로 일반적인 과학탐구에 대한 인식과, 과학의 본성, 그리고 과학-기술-사회의 관계에 대한 인식을 파악할 수 있는 설문지를 개발하였다. 초임과학교사에 의한 과학의 본성과 과학-기술-사회 관계에 대한 인식을 포함하여 전반적인 과학탐구에 대한 인식은 코딩작업을 통해 파악되었으며 이 과정을 통한 자료수집 및 분석의 타당성 및 신뢰성은 과학교육전문가와의 토론을 통해 구축되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 초임교사들은 과학탐구를 실험적인 절차적 기술과 과학적 사고를 함양하는 기회로 정의하고는 있지만 과학탐구를 하는 이유와 과학탐구를 실행하는 데 있어 교사의 역할은 실험적인 절차적 기술을 함양하는 기회로 파악하고 있었다. 과학탐구에 대한 정의나 목적 또는 교사의 역할에 대해서는 정의적 영역에 해당하는 요소는 거의 파악되지 않았다. 과학의 본성에 대해서는 과학적 관점보다는 순수한 관점으로 인식하고 있었으며 과학-기술-사회의 관계에 대한 인식은 긍정적인 태도를 보여 주었었다. 초임교사를 위한 조직적인 교사교육을 개발할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate beginning teachers' views of scientific inquiry envisioned in science education reform, which is the main goal of science education at schools. Teachers' views about scientific inquiry influence their students' learning in the classroom, so it is significant to investigate teachers' views about the scientific inquiry. 126 beginning science teachers participated in this study. The survey asking teachers' view of general scientific inquiry, nature of science (NOS) and the relationship of science, technology, and society (STS), was developed and implemented for 30 minutes. Alternative views of scientific inquiry including NOS and STS were emerged through data analysis with open coding system. The reliability and validity of data collection and data analysis were constructed through the discussion with experts in science education. The results of this study were as follows. Participants defined scientific inquiry as opportunities of 'Hands-On' and 'Minds-On' or its combination rather than 'Hearts-On'. However, teachers demonstrated the view of 'Hands-On' for the purpose of scientific inquiry and for teachers' roles in its implementation. The view of 'Hearts-On' about scientific inquiry was not identified. The naive view of NOS were identified more than informative one. More positive attitude about the relationship of STS was released. The implication was made in teacher education, especially structured induction program for beginning teachers.

Petrology and Amphibolites(Meta-Dolerite sill) in the Mungyong Areal Korea

안건상,신인현,김희남,Ahn, Kun-Sang,Shin, In-Hyun,Kim, Hee-Nam The Korean Earth Science Society 1997 韓國地球科學會誌 Vol.18 No.6

옥천습곡대 중앙부에 해당하는 문경지역예 분포하는 각섬암에 대하여 정밀한 산상, 조직 및 지화학적 성질을 조사하고, 지구조적 환경을 추적했다. 본역의 상내리층(옥천층군)과 석회암층(조선누층군)에 분포하는 각섬암은 변성된 조립현무암질 암상이며 주변암과 조화적로 분포함을 확인했다. 본 연구를 통하여 본 암석의 분포를 이전의 그것에 비해 크게 대선하였다. 상내리 지역을 중심으로 관찰한 암상을 최소한 4매 이상이다. 그 하나는 석회암층 내에 분포하며(Ls Sill, 두께 약 3 m), 나머지는 상내리층 내에 분포한다. 상내리층 내에 분포한 암상들을 하부로부터 각각 First Sill(두께 약 40 m), Second Sill(두께 약 100 m), Third Sill(두께 약 40 m)로 명명했다. 두꺼운 암상은 후기에 관입한 소규모의 암상을 포함하며, Third Sill은 2매의 주 암상과 2매의 소규모 암상으로 구성된다. 각 암상은 주변암과의 접촉부에서 세립질의 냉각대를 가지며, 내측으로 갈수록 입자의 크기가 증가한다. 두꺼운 암상은 다양한 암맥과 중심부에서 힌색의 단편을 가지며, 접촉부에서 중앙부로 감에 따라 화학적 성질도 규칙적으로 변한다. $SiO_2,\;Na_2O,\;K_2O,\;P_2O_5$는 증가하며, $TiO_2,\;FeO^*,\;Al_2O_3,\;CaO$는 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 각섬암의 산상과 화학적 특징을 고려하여, 초기에 관입한 마그마로 생각되는 대표적인 10개의 화학조성을 선택하여 그들의 주성분 및 부성분 변화를 조사하였다. 그들이 보여주는 조성변화는 단일 마그마의 분별결정작용으로 설명할 수 없다. 본 역의 각섬암에 관한 지질분포, 지화학적 특성 및 과거 연구자들의 자료는 각섬암의 원암(현무암질마그마)이 intracontinental rift 환경에서 암상형태로 관입하였음을 지시한다. With respect to the amphibolites in the Mungyong area of the central part of the Ogcheon Fold Belt, detail field occurrence, texture and geochemical properties within each sills and petrogenetic environment are presented. We confirmed that the amphibolites in the Sangnaeri Formation (Ogcheon Supergroup) and limestone(Cambro-Ordovician Chosun Supergroup) sequences are metamorphosed dolerite sills which are roughly concordant to bedding of country rocks. Geologic distribution of the rocks is distinctly improved compared with those of previous investigations. There are four main sills so far observed in the study area. One is emplaced in limestone(Ls Sill, about 3 m thick) and the others are emplaced in Sangnaeri Formation, which are named First Sill(about 40 m thick), Second Sill(about 100 m thick) and Third Sill(about 40 m thick) from lower to upper horizons of the meta-pelitic sequences. The thick sills are intruded by minor sills and the Third Sill is a composite sill consisting of two main and two minor sills. Each sill has fine grained chilled marginal zones and grain size increases inwards from both contacts. The Second Sill has various vein and white patch in central part and the rock compositions vary systematically from margin to central part. $SiO_2,\;Na_2O,\;K_2O\;and\;P_2O_5$ increase, whereas $TiO_2,\;FeO,\;Al_2O_3\;and\;CaO$ decrease toward the contort. We investigate the major and trace element variations of ten selected rock compositions as intruding initial magma take occurrence and chemical properties into consideration. The compositional variations of them can not be explained by fractionation crystallization of single magma. Geologic distribution, geochemical properties and previous data suggest that amphibolite precursors(basaltic magma) of the study area were intrusive as sill-like in an intracontinental rift environment.

Geochemical Compositions of Coastal Sediments around Jeju Island, South Sea of Korea: Potential Provenance of Sediment

임동일,Lim, Dong-Il The Korean Earth Science Society 2003 한국지구과학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Surficial sediments from the northern coastal area of Jeju Island, southeastern Yellow Sea (South Sea of Korea) were analyzed for grain-size texture, some geochemical characteristics and clay mineralogy in order to assess their provenance. Rare-earth element compositions and some geochemical discrimination diagrams, especially of Ti/Al, Nb/Al and Rb/Al ratios, were revealed to be useful indices for identifying the origin of sediments. These indices, together with clay mineral compositions, suggest that the coarse-grained sediments originate from the volcanic rocks of Jeju Island, whereas the fine-grained sediments are derived from Chinese rivers, especially the Changjiang River. The oceanic circulation pattern and the physical-chemical properties of seawater in the Yellow and East China seal support the possibility that the fine-pained Changjiang (Yangtze River) sediments can reach the coastal area of Jeju Island (southeastern Yellow Sea). 황해 남동해역의 제주도 연안에 분포하고 있는 퇴적물의 근원지를 조사하기 위해 표층 퇴적물의 입자조직, 지화학 성분 그리고 점토광물 분석이 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서 Ti/AI, Nb/Al 그리고 Rb/Al 비 등을 포함한 특징적인 원소성분도(geochemical discrimination diagram)와 희토류 원소들의 함량 특성은 퇴적물의 근원지를 판단하는데 매우 유용한 지시자들로 제시된다. 이들 결과에 의하면, 연구해역의 세립질 퇴적물은 대부분 증국의 양자강으로부터 기원 ${\cdot}$ 운반 퇴적되었으며, 조질질 퇴적물은 주변 화산암의 풍화 잔류물인 것으로 해석된다. 창해와 동중국해에서 치근 조사된 해수의 순환 패턴과 물리-화학적 특성은 양자강으로부터 기원된 세립 퇴적물이 연구해역을 포함한 한반도 남해(황해 남동해역) 연안역까지 운반 퇴적될 수 있음을 보여준다.

Palaeodepositional Environment of the Cretaceous Hampyeong Basin, Southwestern Korea

유환수,고영구,윤석태,김주용,김해경,정철환,류상옥,You, Hoan-Su,Kenrick, Paul,Koh, Yeong-Koo,Yun, Seok-Tai,Kim, Joo-Yong,Kim, Hai-Gyoung,Chung, Chul-Hwan,Ryu, Sang-Ock The Korean Earth Science Society 2000 한국지구과학회지 Vol.21 No.6

중생대 백악기 함평분지의 고퇴적환경과 지질연대를 지화학, 암상 분포, 퇴적암석학 그리고 고식물학 측면에서 재고찰을 시도하였다. 연구 결과는 함평분지가 하성과 호성층으로 구성된 구조적으로 활동적인 분지였음을 시사한다. 이 분지에서는 주변 지형과 관련되어 분명한 환경 변화를 시사하는 산성응회암류, 흑색 셰일/사암상, 적색층, 응회암질 역암을 포함하는 중성응회암류 등 4가지 암상이 인지되었다. 구조적 운동에 수반하여 일어난 화산활동이 이들 퇴적층을 형성시킨 퇴적물을 주로 제공하였을 것이다. 이들 퇴적층들은 인접한 해남분지와 잘 대비된다. 그리고 화산성 기원의 퇴적물들은 유천층군에 해당하는 능주층의 경우와 유사하다. 분지 내에서 흑색 셰일의 광역적인 분포는 혐기성 환경 하에서 퇴적이 이루어졌음을 지시한다. 이들 암층에 있어서의 유기탄소의 함량(0.81%에서 1.75%)은 석유근원 셰일의 평균치 정도로 나타났다. 식물화석은 흑색셰일과 사암에서 산출된다. Platanoid류 잎 화석의 산출은 이들 퇴적층이 Oishi의 피자식물 계열 지층에 해당하며 시대상 Aptian/Albian 또는 보다 신기 지층임을 시사한다. Abstrace: The palaeodepositional environment and age of the Cretaceous Hampyeong Basin (southwestern Korea) are reassessed based on new geochemical, lithological, sedimentological, and palaeobotanical data. Results indicate that the Hampyeong Basin was a tectonically active basin comprising predominantly fluvial and lacustrine sediments. Four distinctive facies types have been identified (acidic tuff, black shales/sandstones, red beds, intermediate tuff with tuffaceous conglomerate) and these reflect periods of significant environmental change within the basin and its neighbouring terrains. Volcanism driven by tectonic events provides a source for much of the sediment. The sedimentary sequences compare well with those in the neighbouring Haenam Basin. Sediments of volcanic origin are similar to those of the Neungju Formation of the Yuchon Group. The widespread occurrence of black shales is indicative of extended periods of deposition under anoxic conditions. Measurements of total organic carbon show that the values for the black shales (0.81% to 1.75%) are the average for petroleum source shales. Fossil plants occurred in the black shales and sandstones. The occurrence of platanoid leaves places these sediments in Oishi's angiosperm series, which is consistent with an Aptian/Albian or younger age.

Exploring Preservice teachers' Understandings about Scientific Literacy embedded in Science Camp at Science Center

Park, Young-Shin,Chen, Angie Y.C.,Chen, Nelson C.C. The Korean Society of Earth Science Education 2013 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.6 No.1

20 preservice teachers at college level participated in this study and interacted with students at elementary and middle school levels during science camp offered by science center in Taiwan. Preservice teachers displayed moderate (above the average, 4 point out of 5) understandings about scientific literacy and scientific views in all aspects of the nature of science before the camp. Then, the researchers designed science camp programs which were expected to promote students' scientific literacy; scientific knowledge, inquiry skills for experimentation as well as for argumentation, affective domain such as the attitude toward science and the understandings about nature of science and the relationship among STS (Science-Technology-Society), all of which were embedded in the programs. Preservice teachers seemed to perceive scientific literacy pretty well (over 4 point) before the camp, however, preservice teachers' understandings about scientific literacy were not much scored (around 3 point, but still moderate scores of average) as expected after concrete inquiry activities. The reasons why this happened could be that preservice teachers were not trained to employ theory into the context to be more practical or the researchers did not develop camp program which included the aspect of scientific literacy successfully. The discussion and implication were made in teacher education in that preservice teachers must be prepared how to bridge theory into practice, and informal science education in that educators at science centers must be trained to be experts in providing the envisioned educational programs to meet the goal of science education, scientific literacy.

Understanding the Estimation of Circumference of the Earth by of Eratosthenes based on the History of Science, For Earth Science Education

Oh, Jun-Young The Korean Society of Earth Science Education 2017 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.10 No.2

지구크기에 대한 최초의 정확한 측정은 기원전 230년, 헬레니즘의 과학자인, 에라토스테네스 (276-195 B.C.)에 의하여 이루어졌다. 역사적으로 수학적 추상화는 유럽의 고대 그리스인의 천재성을 보여주는 좋은 예이다. 그 당시에는 상상하기 어려운 태양이 멀리 떨어져 있기에 태양광선이 평행하게 지구에 입사한다는 전제를 요구하는, 논리적이고 과학적인 기법의 에라토스테네스의 과학적 방법의 성공이었다. 중요한 것은 간단한 수학적 비례식을 성립하기 위해서는 지구가 둥글고, 광선이 지구에 나란하게 들어온다는 가정이 필요하였다. 즉 천상으로부터 지상으로 유클리드 기학학이 연결된다는 내용이다. 그것은 최초로 태양중심을 주장한 아리스타쿠스의 제안을 받아들여야 했고, 아리스토텔레스의 자연관인 우주는 아름답고 우아하다는 사상에 기반을 두어 지구는 구처럼 대칭적이라는 것이다. 우리는 이러한 가정들을 현대가 아닌 그 당시 어떻게 정당화 했는지를 탐색하는 것이다. 또한 실험의 미적 관점에서 에라토스테네스의 지구측정의 중요한 특징은 단순성에 있다는 것을 강조하는 것이다. The first accurate estimate of the Earth's circumference was made by the Hellenism scientist Eratosthenes (276-195 B.C.) in about 240 B.C. The simplicity and elegance of Eratosthenes' measurement of the circumference of the Earth by mathematics abstraction strategies were an excellent example of ancient Greek ingenuity. Eratosthenes's success was a triumph of logic and the scientific method, the method required that he assume that Sun was so far away that its light reached Earth along parallel lines. That assumption, however, should be supported by another set of measurements made by the ancient Hellenism, Aristarchus, namely, a rough measurement of the relative diameters and distances of the Sun and Moon. Eratosthenes formulated the simple proportional formula, by mathematic abstraction strategies based on perfect sphere and a simple mathematical rule as well as in the geometry in this world. The Earth must be a sphere by a logical and empirical argument of Aristotle, based on the Greek word symmetry including harmony and beauty of form. We discuss the justification of these three bold assumptions for mathematical abstraction of Eratosthenes's experiment for calculating the circumference of the Earth, and justifying all three assumptions from historical perspective for mathematics and science education. Also it is important that the simplicity about the measurement of the earth's circumstance at the history of science.

The Impact of Integrating Engineering into Science Learning on Student's Conceptual Understandings of the Concept of Heat Transfer

Park, Mi-Sun,Nam, Youn-Kyeong,Moore, Tamara,Roehrig, Gillian The Korean Society of Earth Science Education 2011 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology (STEM) integrated education has been spotlighted as a new approach for promoting students' conceptual understanding and supporting their future career in STEM field. There is increasing evidence of the positive impact of using a whole design process that can be an example of STEM integrated activities to improve students' conceptual understanding and problem solving skills. However, there is a lack of information on how teachers should accomplish science and engineering integration activities in their classroom and what process they should pay attention. To answer this question, we research the relationship between an design process and students' conceptual understanding using an engineering design activity, called 'Save the Penguins', and study on how each step in an engineering design process in this activity enhance students' conceptual knowledge in science. We found that testing their prototypes and discussing with their peers were the most important process for students to understand and apply science concept for their design, even though the whole engineering design process (demonstration about radiation, discussion about examples in our lives, and testing and reviewing their prototypes, and making final design) helps the students understand the scientific concepts.

Measuring the Earth's Size Using the Sun's Altitude and The Responses

Chae, Dong-Hyun The Korean Society of Earth Science Education 2012 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This study was created to resolve the problems embedded in the formal measuring experiments to determine the earth's size in the current curriculum, to develop an updated measuring experiment to determine the earth's size and to establish its effect. For this study, pre-service elementary teachers, who had attempted the experiment of measuring the size of the earth when they were in middle school, performed the experiments in the existing national curriculum, and their responses, collected through in-depth interviews, were examined. To begin with, the pre-service elementary teachers conducted the experiment of measuring the earth size and they recorded the problems while performing it. At the end, an in-depth interview was administered. Based on the problems, an updated measuring experiment to determine the earth's size was suggested to be applied to the same contents and be analyzed through the in-depth interviews. Common themes which were mutually categorized and analyzed by the two researchers were obtained based on the records produced while conducting the experiment and the in-depth interview data. The teachers mentioned that the experiments for measuring the size of the earth in the current curriculum gave rise to difficulties in measuring precisely the angles between the string and the post. Also, there has been a scientific contradiction that solar altitudes were increased in a high latitude region, instead of decreased. For this reason, an alternative method has been developed to measure the earth's size using the distance and the solar altitude difference of two places. The teachers all agreed that by using the updated measuring experiment, they can acquire more precise measurements and it is easier, faster and consequently more effective than the existing methods. Through the results of this study, I suggest that the newly developed experiment by the researchers can overhaul the problems of the current experiments and it can be an effective alternative to the current experiment.

How Can We Improve the Lesson on Seasonal Change?

Han, Je-jun,Chae, Dong-hyun The Korean Society of Earth Science Education 2017 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.10 No.3

이 연구는 계절 변화에 대한 초등학생들과 벨리즈 초등교사의 선개념을 조사하고 계절 변화의 원인을 이해하는데 도움이 되는 실험을 고안한 것이다. 계절 변화에 대한 선개념을 알아보기 위해 계절변화를 학습하지 않은 초등학교 6학년 91명의 학생과 벨리즈 초등교사 10명을 대상으로 개방형 질문지와 인터뷰를 실시하였으며, 귀납적 분석법을 이용하여 범주화하였다. 초등학생과 벨리즈 초등교사는 계절 변화의 원인을 지구의 자전, 태양과 지구 사이의 거리, 지구의 공전, 환경오염이나 기후변화 등으로 생각하고 있었다. 그리고 이러한 오개념은 공간 인식에 대한 어려움, 교과서나 교재의 부정확함 등에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 계절 변화에 대한 부정확한 선개념을 바로 잡고 계절 변화 수업을 개선하기 위하여 지구 자전축의 기울기에 따른 태양의 남중 고도와 낮과 밤의 길이를 측정하고, 이를 비교하는 실험을 고안하였다. 이 실험은 태양의 남중 고도와 낮의 길이 변화와 같은 자연 현상을 모형을 통해 측정할 수 있도록 하여 계절변화의 원인을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. This study is to investigate preconception of elementary school students and Belizean elementary school teachers and to devise experiment to understand a cause of seasonal change. An open-ended questionnaire and interviews were conducted for 91 6th grade students who didn't learn seasonal change and 10 Belizean teachers to find out preconception of seasonal change and they were categorized by using inductive analysis. They thought that the Earth's rotation, the distance between the Sun and the Earth, the Earth's revolution, pollution and climate change cause seasonal change. And it found out that these misconceptions come from difficulty in awareness of space and impreciseness of textbooks and books and so on. The experiment was designed to correct inaccurate preconception and to improve lessons of seasonal change. It is to measure a meridian altitude and a length of daytime and nighttime and to compare them. This experiment can help to understand the cause of seasonal change by measuring natural phenomenons like the meridian altitude and the change of length of daytime by model.