『자에는 자로』(Measure for Measure)에서 공작의 변장잠행의 숨겨진 목적

박효춘 한국셰익스피어학회 2019 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.55 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the unrevealed objectives of a civil inspection in disguise that the Duke didn’t share with others. In this paper, the writer analyzed the conversation between the Duke and the related figures. The purpose of the Duke’s disappearance was to monitor whether citizens were resisting or struggling with authority, and if so, bring it to light and stave off. In addition, is it seems as if the Duke tested the loyalty of his close cabinet members. The purpose of the Duke’s disguise on the surface of the play was to see how the legal order of Vienna was being taken directly by the deputy Angelo. The first punishment Angelo decided on behalf of the Duke was the death penalty for Claudio, who was accused of adultery for having a pre-wedding pregnancy. Claudio, however, was acquitted because it was revealed that Angelo, who carried out the sentence, tried to appease his lust by taking advantage of his power. In addition, forced him to hasten the execution under private message to Provost without due process to conceal his guilt. This is because, contrary to the original ideal of the Duke, the damage to the legal justice of Vienna was not due to the promiscuous sex life of citizens, but because of the corruption of the officials. Lastly, the writer believes that it might be the most important objective of the Duke’s disguise was to confirm the loyalty of his close cabinet members. The Duke asked Esclus regarded as the most reliable minister: what is the disposition of the Duke? At that moment, Escalus was facing the most important test that could change the fate of his bureaucratic life.

효과적인 셰익스피어 교수법의 모색

박효춘 명지영어영문학회 1998 명지영어영문학 Vol.3 No.1

This paper focused on the searching for the effective teaching method of the works of Shakespeare. Lately, there was an argument against the use of multimedia as a teaching device for the study of works of Shakespeare in the learned circles. The multimedia devices can be classified into three great divisions, that is, video Shakespeare, CD-ROM Shakespeare and Internet. Originally, media education seeks to increase student's critical understanding of the media---namely, television, film, radio, printed materials, and computer software. But in Korea, its usage aims mainly helping students can understand a play. Most scholars' views on the multimedia is that it plays the role as an adjunct to a readings of the printed text. Other scholars think that it is possible to become the substitution for the printed text. But scholars mostly agreed that the proper use of the multimedia devices is to see by the critical comparison with different versions on a play of Shakespeare. The visual devices should be served to the student after they have conjured up the concrete images of a play in their mind's eye. Because if we watch the visual devices before read the printed text in advance, then to grow a prejudice about the play, in that case, it shall hinder we from a balanced apprectiation on the play. Above all, the reading of the printed text must be adopted as the point of departure and the touchstone by which correct the misunderstandings. According to my views, the practice performance or live performance is an effective way of helping students get to know some aspects of the text, too. In conclusion, my view on the subject that the best way of teaching Shakespeare in the classroom is to choose the suitable way in accordance with the specific academic circumstances at each university, the learning ability and inclinations of students, and Professor's own subjectivity on the Shakespeare's Study.

Macbeth의 정치·사회적 인식

박효춘 聖潔大學校 人文科學硏究所 1997 人文科學論叢 Vol.2 No.-

ABSTRACTThis paper focused on the stream of the political power in Macbeth. When we consider Macbeth's social position and military power, the fact that Macbeth have a political ambitions on his part is not surprising thing. As we are able to see in political-history plays Macbeth has political elements many, nevertheless Macbeth is not history play but tragedy obviously. But Macbeth has a good deal of the political-history plays elements. It means that these elements takes a serious role in this play and in other words, Macbeth has a political tone strongly. Therefore, I saw the rank of Macbeth's social position was in deep relations with his tragedy. As the Shakespeare's kingship plays, Macbeth's over status ambitions for the throne formed one of the causes of his tragedy. At that time Scotland's political enviroments were very unsteady. The rebellion of Macdonwald and of Thane of Cawdor show that her political unsteadyness came to the climax. I think that these are the paradoxical events about Duncan's ability. By the unconfirmable reasons of rebellions, we cannot but bear questions in mind against the ability of Duncan as a king. In the first place, it seems to me that he neither could fulfil his subjects' various political desires against their sovereign nor could offer encouraging policies for people's happiness. Secondary, Duncan is deficient in charisma. It is a most serious deficiency in reign as a sovereign.Consequently we also can regard the case of treason of Macbeth as a phenomenon of all possibilities that are capable of being occured by the variablity of political power. The case that Macbeth accede to the throne of Scotland seemed doubtfully to all subjects, but his coronation was an unavoidable thing in such political enviroments. Because the stream of the political power concentrated in his hands. In the event, Macbeth's failure is caused by misuse of his political power. And his an obsession from a crime, are an other serious cause in his political defeat. If he ruled his kigdom reasonably and peacefully for his people, he never be defeated by Malcolm's side.

The Merchant of Venice의 우정과 사랑

박효춘 聖潔大學校 人文科學硏究所 1996 人文科學論叢 Vol.1 No.-

『자에는 자로』(Measure for Measure)의 화해의 이중성

박효춘 한국셰익스피어학회 2021 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.57 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to identify the duality of reconciliation shown in Measure for Measure and to consider what is the background of such duality. The good impression of the duke, who is portrayed as a generous and competent monarch in the play, is likely to spread to Londoners’ liking for King James I in reality. It is because the duke avoided criticism by directing citizens’ grievances to Angelo through delegating the monarch’s authority to correct the legal order in Vienna. Furthermore, it can be seen that the Duke is favored by citizens as a generous monarch through ordering marriage instead of punishment for those who should be punished by because of their crime. Thus, the duke is thought to have a facet of a Machiavellian monarch who is clever and politically skillful. From this perspective, we can say that Angelo was a political scapegoat for the Duke. The duke declares a very unusual and lenient punishment to marry Mariana instead, even though Angelo committed a felony of abuse of power. It is clear that Angelo did not want to marry Mariana, so the order can be said to be a kind of punishment. The author believes that the duke did not want to punish Angelo for bringing him political benefits, which is why Angelo secretly receives a gift from the duke, a relatively light punishment of marriage orders. In that sense, the duke’s marriage order as a way of reconciliation can be interpreted in a double sense.

Macbeth의 정치·사회적 인식

박효춘 명지영어영문학회 1997 명지영어영문학 Vol.2 No.-

This paper focused on the stream of the political power in Macbeth. When we consider Macbeth's social position and military power, the fact that Macbeth have a political ambitions on his part is not surprising thing. As we are able to see in political-history plays Macbeth has political elements many, nevertheless Macbeth is not history play but tragedy obviously. But macbeth has a good deal of the political-history plays elements. It means that these elements takes a serious role in this play and in other words, Macbeth has a political tone strongly. Therefore, I saw the rank of Macbeth's social position was in deep relations with his tragedy. As the Shakespeare's kingship plays, Macbeth's over status ambitions for the throne formed one of the causes of his tragedy. At that time Scotland's political enviroments were very unsteady. The rebellion of Macdonwald and of Thane of Cawdor show that her political unsteadyness come to the climax. I think that these are the paradoxical events about Duncan's ability. By the unconfirmable reasons of rebellions, we cannot but bear questions in mind against the ability of duncan as a king. In the first place, it seems to me that the neither could fulfil his subjects' various political desires against their sovereign nor could offer encouraging policies for people's happiness. Secondary, Duncan is deficient in charisma. It is a most serious deficiency in reign as a sovereign. Consequently we also can regard the case of treason of Macbeth as a phenomenon of all possibilities that are capable of being occured by the variablity of political power. The case that Macbeth accede to the throne of Scotland seemed doubtfully to all subjects, but his coronation was an unavoidable thing in such political environments. Because the stream of the political power concentrated in his hands. In the event, Macbeth's failure is caused by misuse of his political power. And his an obsession from a crime are an other serious cause in his political defeat. If he ruled his kigdom reasonably and peacefully for his people, he never be defeated by Malcolm's side.

『베니스 상인』의 베니스와 벨몬트의 상징성 : 사랑과 우정의 본질을 중심으로 Love and Friendship

박효춘 한국현대영미어문학회 2000 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.5 No.-

This study attempts to examine the essence of love and friendship that are symbolized by venice and Belmont. The Merchant of Venice was probably written in 1596, at any rate fairly early in the first period of easy mastery which extends from Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Richard Ⅱ through the Henry Ⅳ and Ⅴ plays and As You Like It to Julius Caesar and Twelfth Night. At the opening of this period, the two comedies modeled directly on festivities represent a new departure, from which Shakespeare returns in The Merchant of Venice to write a comedy with a festive emphasis. The Merchant of Venice, as its title indicates, exhibits the beneficence of civilized wealth, the something-for-nothing which wealth gives to those who use it graciously to live together in a humanly knit group. So we were able to see material value in Venice. But Belmont was a place of romance and love. For to woo Portia, Baassanio sailing off like Jason who is the title role in Medea, to win the golden fleece in Belmont. But this is done against a background of anxiety. In fact, we can throw away the suspicion that Bassanio was a fortune hunter. Nevertheless, the bond of loyalty which ties Bassanio to Antonio is not broken even when the former has crossed the sea to Belmont. Bassanio, who was being indulged in luxurious romance at Portia's, come back to rescue his friend Antonio. In conclusion, through this, we realize that a friendship is a kind of contract requiring us to carry out the obligation of loyalty.

아카데믹 번역론

박효춘 한국현대영미어문학회 2001 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.6 No.2

The aim of this paper is to search an efficient academic translation skill for improvement of university students' reading ability. For this aim, I had referred to the views of specialists in practical business field. First of all, to select of the suitable meaning of a word in a sentence is very important and basic factor as we translate. Therefore, using dictionary might be very helpful to translator. Secondly, precise reading of a text is very effective to avoid mistranslation of text. The third, a literal translation is more efficient than the free. In addition, most specialists seem to concede that the literal translation is very recommendable method too, because it has many merits which can fulfil to various readers who are having different purposes. Lastly, I want to add that the most important thing in translation is the ability of Korean. For it will be the intermediator of a culture content, besides we would be appreciate the original writings with our mother tongue.

정치극으로 본 '멕베스'

박효춘 한국중세근세영문학회 2002 고전·르네상스 영문학 Vol.11 No.1

A Study of Macbeth from the viewpoint of political-social dimension

Othello의 Self-dramatization 연구

박효춘 명지영어영문학회 1996 명지영어영문학 Vol.1 No.-

폭군이나 혁명가가 기존의 사회질서를 재편성하거나 자신의 목적 달성을 위해 폭력적 방법을 사용할 때에 자신의 행위를 정당화하기 위하여 위장된 명분을 내세우듯이 문학 작품 속에 등장하는 어떤 인물들도 비논리적, 초합법적인 행위를 정당화하기 위해서 명분을 내세우는데 이것이 자기 합리화(self-justification) 또는 자기 극화(self-dramatization)의 형태로 나타나고 있다. 11세기말부터 15세기 중엽에 걸친 십자군 원정은 기독교도들의 잃어버린 성지 예루살렘을 탈환, 방위한다는 것이 명분이었으나 당시 교황이 즉위 이래의 현안인 독일(신성 로마) 황제와의 「성직 서임권투쟁」을 자신 쪽에 유리하게 해결하려는 의도와 함께 서유럽 봉건사회의 적폐였던 제후ㆍ기사들끼리의 사적 투쟁을 「하나님의 평화」운동에 의해서 억제시키려는 생각이 크게 작용하고 있었고 근세 이후 서구 열강이 미개한 국가들의 문호를 두드릴 때에도 문물 교환과 선교가 주된 명분이었지만 결과적으로는 그들 국가들을 정치, 경제 그리고 문화적으로 식민지화하려는 제국주의적 야욕을 드러내고야 말았다.십자군 원정과 서구 열강의 식민지 개척이 인류 문화 발전에 기여한 바가 적지 않지만 이로 인한 막대한 인적, 물적 그리고 문화적 손실과 인간의 도덕적 타락 및 인간 존엄성의 상실이라는 정신적인 측면의 훼손도 무시할 수 없을 것이다. 같은 식으로 문학 작품속에 등장하는 어떤 인물도 외견상 이기적 이유에서 비롯되었다고 보여지는 비논리적, 폭력적인 행위를 정당화하는 경우가 있는데 이 역시 상대에게는 일방적인 복종과 희생을 강요하므로써 부당한 형식으로 인상되어 질 수 밖에 없는 것이다. 이와 같이 역사와 현실에 있어서 행위자의 명분은 진실된 목적을 위장할 뿐 만 아니라 그 목적 달성을 위한 행위를 정당화시키는 하나의 구실이기도 하지만 문학에 있어서는 행위자의 정체성을 묘사하는 하나의 문학적 수법으로 사용되고 있음을 발견할 수 있다.