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우리나라 결핵 환자의 치료 장기화와 다약제내성결핵 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인
최영순 ( Youngsoon Choi ),태윤희 ( Yoonhee Tae ),김지윤 ( Jeeyoon Kim ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2016 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.41 No.3
Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a very important infectious disease in Korea. Among OECD countries, Korea has been had the highest rate in TB inci-dence, prevalence and death. In this study, we analyzed influencing factors to prolonged TB treatment and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) incidence. Methods: We collected 2007-2009 TB claim data in the National health insurance data. TB patients who diagnosed TB for the fist time in 2008 were selected. Variables like gender, age, grade of insurance premium, length of stay in inpatient service, number of visits in outpatient services, type of employment, and size of residential of the patients were included to analyse. The prolonged TB treatment duration was defined as more than 9 months for TB treatment. MDR-TB incidence was defined as U88.0 or U88.1 in KCD-5. Provit model was used to find influencing factors to prolonged TB treatment and MDR-TB incidence. And marginal effects were calculated to analyse the influencing intensity of variables. Results: 42,347 patients diagnosed and treated TB in 2008. 14,317 patients (33.8%) took treatment more than 9 months. The risk of prolonged TB treatment duration were increased significantly in male (0.6%), young (<20, 14.7%) or old (≥75, 6.0%) age groups, and lower income groups (5.9-2.5%). The risk of MDR-TB incidence were increased in lower income groups. Conclusions: Age and income level influenced th prolonged TB treatment and MDR-TB incidence risk. More effective TB manage-ments have to be developed for young (<20) or old (≥75) age group, and low income groups.
Discourse on the Practice and Conception of Coexistence Citizens in Multicultural Society
Youngsoon Kim,Sooan Choi 인하대학교 다문화융합연구소 2023 다문화와 교육 Vol.8 No.1
This study examines the significance of coexisting individuals in a multicultural society and how humans can become citizens. This paper will address the rationale behind human beings' need to become citizens, with the overarching framework of multicultural humanities. Multicultural humanities refer to a humanities-based approach to studying a multicultural society, extending beyond the definition of multiculturalism. Although humanities typically have a human-centered origin, in a broader sense, it encompasses all disciplines spanning the humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences. It covers all academic knowledge and practices relating to human beings. Hence, the goal of humanities is to foster the coexistence of citizens in a multicultural society. Notably, coexistence is not a new concept and has already been present in our lives. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the discussion of coexistence as a practice within a multicultural society from an academic perspective of multicultural humanities.
Choi, Okkyoung,Um, Youngsoon,Sang, Byoung‐,In Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Biotechnology and bioengineering Vol.109 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Electron mediators and electron supply through a cathode were examined to enhance the reducing power for butyrate production by an acidogenic clostridium strain, <I>Clostridium tyrobutyricum</I> BAS 7. Among the tested electron mediators, methyl viologen (MV)‐amended cultures showed an increase of butyrate productivity (1.3 times), final concentration (1.4 times), and yield (1.3 times). The electron flow altered by MV addition from the ferredoxin pool to the NADH pool was shown by one electron model, implying that more available NADH increased butyrate production. In the cathode compartment poised at −400 mV versus the Ag/AgCl electrode, the neutral red (NR)‐amended cultures of <I>Clostridium tyrobutyricum</I> BAS 7 increased butyrate concentration (from 5 to 8.8 g/L) and yield (from 0.33 up to 0.44 g/g) with no acetate production at all. Given that electrically reduced NR (NR<SUB>red</SUB>, yellow) by the cathode was re‐oxidized (NR<SUB>ox</SUB>, red) in the cells on the basis of color change, electron flow from NR<SUB>red</SUB> to NAD<SUP>+</SUP> (i.e., NADH generation) induced an increase in butyrate production. This is the first report to show the increase of butyric acid production by electrically driven acidogenesis. These results show that the electron flow altered NADH formation by electron mediators and by the cathodic electron donor, increasing the yield and selectivity of reduced end‐products like butyrate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2494–2502. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>