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Development of Bubble Column for Foam Separation
Bando, Yoshiyuki,Kuze, Takahiro,Sugimoto, Tatsuya,Yasuda, Keiji,Nakamura, Masaaki 한국화학공학회 2000 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.17 No.5
The foam separation of metal in model wastewater is performed by using two different bubble columns in a continuous operation mode. The equipment and operation conditions are changed, and the foam flow rate and metal concentration in foam flow are measured. The foam flow ratio (the ratio of foam flow rate to the inlet one) increases with increasing gas velocity, with decreasing liquid velocity, with decreasing foam layer height and with decreasing metal concentration in model wastewater. Metal enrichment (the ratio of metal concentration in foam flow to that in inlet flow) shows the reverse tendencies. When a draft tube is inserted in the bubbling layer, the foam flow rate decreases. The enrichment is strongly governed by the foam flow ratio. Since the foam flow ratio is adjusted by means of the equipment and operation conditions, the metal concentration in foam flow is controlled to be a desired value.
Tsunehiko Konomi,Akimasa Yasuda,Kanehiro Fujiyoshi,Yoshiyuki Yato,Takashi Asazuma 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.1
Study Design: A retrospective, single-center clinical study with follow-up of more than 24 months. Purpose: To evaluate the union rates and relevant risk factors for non-union after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using porous-coated closed-box titanium spacers. Overview of Literature: Although the use of a closed-box interbody spacer for PLIF could avoid potential complications associated with the harvesting of autologous bone, few studies have reported detailed follow-up of fusion progression and risk factors for non-union in the early postoperative period. Methods: PLIF using closed-box spacers without filling the autologous bone was performed in 78 (88 levels) consecutive patients. Surgical procedures included PLIF using traditional pedicle screw fixation (PLIF, n=37), PLIF using cortical bone trajectory screw fixation (CBT-PLIF, n=30), and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with traditional pedicle screw fixation (TLIF, n=11). Lateral dynamic radiography and computed tomography findings were investigated, and the relationship between the union status and variables that may be related to the risk of non-union was tested statistically. Results: The overall bone union rates at 12 and 24 months were 68.0% and 88.5%, respectively. Incidences of bone cyst formation, subsidence, and retropulsion of spacers were 33.3%, 47.4%, and 14.1%, respectively. Union rates at 24 months were 94.6% in PLIF, 80.0% in CBT-PLIF, and 90.9% in TLIF. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that at 12 months postoperatively, the risk factor for non-union was age >75 years (p=0.02). In contrast, no significant risk factor was observed at 24 months. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated the efficacy of interbody closed-box spacers for PLIF without the need to fill the spacer with autologous bone. However, the risk of non-union should be considered in elderly patients, especially intra-operatively and during the early postoperative stage.