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Development of a Brain-Computer Interface using Steady State Visual Evoked Potential
Yoshiaki YOSHIDA,Junichi USHIBA,Yutaka TOMITA 대한인간공학회 2007 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) is a damped oscillation-like reaction brain wave obtained from a cerebrum vision field by visual stimulation lasting almost one second. VEP is divided into two categories. One is a transient VEP (t-VEP) observed with low stimulation cycle, and the other is a steady-state VEP (ss-VEP) observed with high stimulation cycle. The former is the reaction wave for every stimulus, while the latter is the fused waveform of t-VEPs, and observed as sinusoid. Since ss-VEP is known to synchronize with the stimulation wave, from the brain wave we can decide the illumination frequency. This study aims the development of a device, which can recognize the LED at which patient gazes, when several light emitting diodes (LEDs) illuminating with different driving frequencies. By assigning the LEDs to specific functions, such as calling caregivers, opening/closing a curtain, ON/OFF of TV set, our device can work as an input part of an environment control system for quadriplegic patients. Our device records brain wave from electrodes mounted on ear pads and nose pads of an eyeglass frame, rather than from electrodes on vision cortex, while the SNR was much smaller than vision cortex lead. In order to overcome the less SNR signal processing was employed. The measured brain wave with eyeglass frame electrodes was analyzed with FFT and Autoregressive-model estimate, and we could identify the light source that the patients stared.
Yoshiaki Hayashi,Keshav Lall Maharjan,Hajime Kumagai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.2
Twenty small-scale farms of two villages (A and B) were surveyed to identify the feeding traits, milk productivity and nutritional status of lactating cattle and buffalo in Terai, Nepal. Constituents and dry matter (DM) of feed supplied, body condition score (BCS), heart girth (HG), bodyweight (BW), milk yield (MY) and plasma metabolites were obtained in the pasture-sufficient, pasturedecreasing and fodder-shortage periods. Milk yield of 305-day lactation was estimated by the daily MY. The supplies of rice straw and native grass were lower and higher in the pasture-sufficient period than in the other periods, respectively (5.5 kg/day vs. 9.8 kg/day and 3.2 kg/day vs. 0.4 kg/day, respectively, p<0.01). The roughage-supplement rates of the animals were higher in village A than in village B (5.0 vs. 2.2 in cattle and 9.3 vs. 1.8 in buffalo, p<0.01). The variance of feed constituents among the periods and between the villages induced different supplies of CP, NDF and TDN. The concentrations of CP and TDN in the cattle feed were higher in the pasturesufficient period than in the other periods (9.1% vs. 7.3% and 57.4% vs. 51.0%, respectively, p<0.01). The supplies of CP for cattle and buffalo, and of TDN for buffalo were lower in village A than in village B (7.5% vs. 8.7% and 6.6% vs. 9.1% [p<0.01], and 53.1% vs. 56.2% [p<0.05], respectively). The BCS, HG and BW of the animals were lower in village A than in village B (2.51 vs. 2.86, 156 cm vs. 170 cm and 300 kg vs. 318 kg, respectively in cattle, 2.83 vs. 4.00, 186 cm vs. 216 cm and 429 kg vs. 531 kg, respectively in buffalo, p<0.01). The cattle yielded more milk in the pasture-sufficient period than in the other periods (7.9 liters/day vs. 6.6 liters/day, p<0.01). The 305-day MY of cattle that calved in the fodder-shortage period was lower than that of cattle that calved in the other periods (1,900 liters vs. 2,251 liters, p<0.01). The MYs of cattle and buffalo were lower in village A than in village B (6.2 liters/day vs. 8.1 liters/day and 3.7 liters/day vs. 7.7 liters/day, respectively, p<0.01). The 305-day MY of cattle was lower in village A than in village B (1,935 liters vs. 2,409 liters, p<0.01). The concentrations of plasma albumin and urea nitrogen in cattle were lower in village A than in village B (3.2 g/dl vs. 3.4 g/dl [p<0.01] and 7.4 mg/dl vs. 10.2 mg/dl [p<0.05], respectively). The different supplies of CP, NDF and TDN among the periods and between the villages might have affected MY and nutritional status in cattle and buffalo. It was likely that the lower supplies of CP and TDN for cattle that calved in the fodder-shortage period and in village A lowered the 305-day MY of cattle.
Monocular 3D Palm Posture Estimation Based on Feature-Points Robust against Finger Motion
Yoshiaki Mizuchi,Yoshinobu Hagiwara,Akimasa Suzuki,Hiroki Imamura,Yongwoon Choi 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
The usability of wearable augmented reality (AR) systems would improve by letting users arbitrarily display virtual information on their palm and simultaneously manipulate it as tablet computers or smartphones. To realize such interaction between users and virtual information, we aim to robustly estimate 3-D palm posture against finger motion. This is based on the assumption that finger motion is separately estimated from palm posture and applied to manipulation of displayed information. In addition, the capability of electric sources, sensors, and processors are very limited in wearable computers. For this reason, by using a monocular camera and estimating palm posture from only a few image feature-points, we achieve an efficient estimation that satisfies real-time constraint on wearable computers. The accuracy and the robustness of our method are demonstrated by qualitative and quantitative comparison with a widely-used cardboard maker. Additionally, we confirmed that our method is run on a mobile computer at the average of 12.44 msec per frame.
In-plane Anisotropy of the Magnetic and the Electric Properties of the Fe Pnictide Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As2
Yoshiaki Kobayashi,Akihiro Ichikawa,Masayuki Toyoda,Masayuki Itoh,Masatoshi Sato 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
The anisotropy of the electronic and the magnetic properties within the FeAs planes of Co(2%)-doped BaFe2As2 has been investigated by using 75As nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurementson the As (As0) sites with all four nearest neighbor sites occupied by Fe. Even in thetetragonal phase at temperatures above 100 K, two sets of NMR spectra with twofold symmetry ofin-plane Knight shifts and electronic nuclear quadrupole frequencies are observed. They originatefrom two domains with their symmetry axes lying at right angles to each other. The anisotropies ofthe electronic and the magnetic properties become pronounced at 140 K, below which an in-planeanisotropy is reported to appear in electrical resistivity under a pressure along one of Fe-Fe directions. 75As NMR measurements have also been carried out for the As (As1) sites surrounded byone Co and three Fe. From the data, we conclude that the spin susceptibility of As1 is ~1/3 thatof As0 and that the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation of As1 is fairly suppressed as compared withthat of As0. We discuss these behaviors of the FeAs layer in connection with the impurity-inducedlocal orbital order model proposed by theoretical studies.
Yoshiaki Takahashi,Tsuyoshi Kato 한국유변학회 2005 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.17 No.3
Coalescence process of binary immiscible fluid mixtures having bimodal size distributions, prepared by mixing two pre-sheared samples at different shear rates, pre1 and pre2, under shear flow at a final shear rate, f, are examined by transient shear stress measurements and microscopic observations in comparison with the results for simply pre-sheared samples having narrow size distributions (unimodal distribution samples). Component fluids are a silicone oil (PDMS) and a hydrocarbon-formaldehyde resin (Genelite) and their viscosities are 14.1 and 21.0pasec at room temperature (ca. 20oC), respectively. The weight ratio of PDMS: Genelite was 7:3. Three cases, (pre1=7.2sec1, pre2=12.0sec1 and f=2.4sec1), (pre1=0.8sec1, pre2 =4.0sec1 and f=2.4sec1), and (pre1=7.2sec1, pre2=12.0sec1 and f=7.2sec1) are examined. In the first case, transient shear stress did not show any significant difference but domains larger than the initial state are observed at short times. In the latter cases, there exist undershoot of shear stress, reflecting existence of deformed large domains, which is confirmed by the direct observation. It is concluded that coalescence between large and small domains more frequently occur than coalescence between the domains with similar size in the bimodal distribution samples.
Yoshiaki Oda,Tomoyuki Takigawa,Ryo Ugawa,Yasuyuki Shiozaki,Haruo Misawa,Yoshihisa Sugimoto,Masato Tanaka,Toshifumi Ozaki 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.2
Study Design: Cross sectional study. Purpose: To clarify the difference in position of the psoas muscle between adult spinal deformity (ASD) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Overview of Literature: Although it is known that the psoas major muscle deviates in ASD patients, no report is available regarding the difference in comparison with LSS patients. Methods: This study investigates 39 patients. For evaluating spinal alignment, pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope, lumbar lordosis (LL), PI–LL, Cobb angle, and the convex side, the lumbar curves were measured. For measuring the position of the psoas major at the L4/5 disk level, magnetic resonance imaging was used. The displacements of psoas major muscle were measured separately in the anterior–posterior and lateral directions. We examined the relationship between the radiographic parameters and anterior displacement (AD) and lateral displacement (LD) of the psoas major muscle. Results: AD was demonstrated in 15 cases with ASD and nine cases with LSS (p >0.05). LD was observed in 13 cases with ASD and no cases with LSS (p <0.01). The Cobb angle was significantly greater in cases with AD than in those without AD (p =0.04). PT, LL, PI– LL, and Cobb angle were significantly greater in cases with LD (p <0.05). All cases with LD had AD, but no case without AD had LD (p <0.001). The side of greater displacement at L4/5 and the convex side of the lumbar curve were consistent in all cases. Conclusions: Despite AD being observed in LSS as well, LD was observed only in the ASD group. Radiographic parameters were worse when LD was seen, rather than AD.