"不+能+沒(有)+Vp1+就+Vp2"構式硏究

彭利貞,宋永圭 中國語文硏究會 2003 中國語文論叢 Vol.25 No.-

본 연구는 “不+能+沒(有)+Vp1+就+Vp2”구조를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 본문에서는 발화(혹은 문장)에서 정태가 명제의 외부를 감싸고 있음을 가정하고, 명제부분과 정태부분과의 관계에 주목하고 또한 사건“沒Vp1”(혹은“Vp1”) 와 “Vp2”의 관계를 분석하였다. 정태(Modality)는 본질적으로 문맥구속(Context Bounded)적인 범주이므로 그 의미의 파악은 문맥을 파악하므로 그 정확한 쓰임을 알 수 있는바, 본문은 대화참여자의 변화와 시간참조점 (Temporal Deixis)의 변화가 정태동사“能”의 의미현상에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 당 어법구조는 이중부정 구조이며, 그 의미는 긍정이고, 부정사“不”의 부정범위는 전체 명제에 미치고, 부정의 초점은 정태부분이다. 沒의 부정의 범위는 “Vp1”으로 제한된다. 본문은 또한 “沒(有)Vp1” 와 “Vp2”의 관계를 논증하면서 두 사건은 의미상 연관된 사건이며 시간적으로는 연속적이라는 특성이 있음을 밝혔고, 본 구조의 주어는 일반적으로 [+生命]의 특징을 지니고 사건 “沒(有)Vp1” 와 “Vp2”는 일반적으로 동일한 주어를 가짐을 보였다.

Investigation of surface pressures on CAARC tall building concerning effects of turbulence

Yong-gui Li,Jiahui Yan,Xinzhong Chen,Qiu-sheng Li,Yi Li 한국풍공학회 2020 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.31 No.4

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the surface pressures on the CAARC standard tall building model concerning the effects of freestream turbulence. Two groups of incidence turbulence are generated in the wind tunnel experiment. The first group has an approximately constant turbulence intensity of 10.3% but different turbulence integral scale varying from 0.141 m to 0.599 m or from 0.93 to 5.88 in terms of scale ratio (turbulence integral scale to building dimension). The second group presents similar turbulence integral scale but different turbulence intensity ranging from 7.2% to 13.5%. The experimental results show that the mean pressure coefficients on about half of the axial length of the side faces near the leading edge slightly decrease as the turbulence integral scale ratio that is larger than 4.25 increases, but respond markedly to the changes in turbulence intensity. The root-mean-square (RMS) and peak pressure coefficients depend on both turbulence integral scale and intensity. The RMS pressure coefficients increase with turbulence integral scale and intensity. As the turbulence integral scale increases from 0.141 m to 0.599 m, the mean peak pressure coefficient increases by 7%, 20% and 32% at most on the windward, side faces and leeward of the building model, respectively. As the turbulence intensity increases from 7.2% to 13.5%, the mean value of peak pressure coefficient increases by 47%, 69% and 23% at most on windward, side faces and leeward, respectively. The values of cross-correlations of fluctuating pressures increase as the turbulence integral scale increases, but decrease as turbulence intensity increases in most cases.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIETARY SEAWEED LAVER (Porphyra tenera) ON GROWTH AND INTESTINAL MICROFLORA OF JUVENILE Litopenaeus vannamei

Yong-Jian Liu,Jin Niu,Li-Xia Tian,Hui-jun Yang,Gui-ying Liang 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

Isolation of NH4+-Tolerant Mutants of Actinobacillus succinogenes for Succinic Acid Production by Continuous Selection

( Gui Zi Ye ),( Min Jiang ),( Jian Li ),( Ke Quan Chen ),( Yong Lan Xi ),( Shu Wen Liu ),( Ping Wei ),( Ping Kai Ouyang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.8

Actinobacillus succinogenes, a representative succinic-acid-producing microorganism, is seriously inhibited by ammonium ions, thereby hampering the industrial use of A. succinogenes with ammonium-ion-based materials as the pH controller. Therefore, this study isolated an ammonium-ion-tolerant mutant of A. succinogenes using a continuous-culture technique in which all the environmental factors, besides the stress (ammonium ions), were kept constant. Instead of operating the mutant-generating system as a nutrient-limited chemostat, it was used as a nutrientunlimited system, allowing the cells to be continuously cultured at the maximum specific growth rate. The mutants were isolated on agar plates containing the acid-base indicator bromothymol blue and a high level of ammonium ions that would normally kill the parent strain by 100%. When cultured in anaerobic bottles with an ammonium ion concentration of 354 mmol/l, the mutant YZ0819 produced 40.21 g/l of succinic acid with a yield of 80.4%, whereas the parent strain NJ113 was unable to grow. When using NH4OH to buffer the culture pH in a 3.0 l stirred bioreactor, YZ0819 produced 35.15 g/l of succinic acid with a yield of 70.3%, which was 155% higher than that produced by NJ113. In addition, the morphology of YZ0819 changed in the fermentation broth, as the cells were aggregated from the beginning to the end of the fermentation. Therefore, these results indicate that YZ0819 can efficiently produce succinic acid when using NH4OH as the pH controller, and the formation of aggregates can be useful for transferring the cells from a cultivation medium for various industrial applications.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTAL EFFECTS OF Gracilaria lemaneiformis ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND SALINITY STRESS OF JUVENILE PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Li-xia Tian,Ying-ying Yu,Yong-jian Liu,Jin Niu,Wen-dong Chen,Hui-jun Yang,Gui-ying Liang 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

Properties and Reaction Mechanisms of Magnesium Phosphate Cement Mixed with Acetic Acid

Li Jun,Ji Yong-sheng,Huang Guo-dong,Xu Zhan-zhan,Yan Gui-hong 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.1

Objective: This study aims to improve the coagulation time, strength, and construction cost of magnesium phosphate cement. Methods: We analyzed the microstructure changes in the hardened magnesium phosphate cement paste through qualitative analysis, quantitative test, microscopic examination, and research regarding adding different concentrations of acetic acid on magnesium phosphate cement slurry time, effects of flow resistance, and mechanical properties. Results: When a moderate amount of AA was used, the setting time of MAPC mortar was significantly prolonged but was later reduced as the concentration increased. In the early phase, the degree of MAPC mortar hydration increased, whereas compressive strength significantly increased initially and increased slowly in the later phase. The crystal morphology and size of MAPC hydrates changed, and hardened MAPC became more compact in structure. The AA absorbed some ammonia in the MAPC condensation. Conclusion: Acetic acid can effectively regulate coagulation time, induce early hydration reaction rate, and improve the performance of magnesium phosphate cement, which can reduce the construction cost of magnesium phosphate cement.

An Efficient Initialization Approach of Q-learning for Mobile Robots

Yong Song,Yi-bin Li,Cai-hong Li,Gui-fang Zhang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2012 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.10 No.1

This article demonstrates that Q-learning can be accelerated by appropriately specifying initial Q-values using dynamic wave expansion neural network. In our method, the neural network has the same topography as robot work space. Each neuron corresponds to a certain discrete state. Every neuron of the network will reach an equilibrium state according to the initial environment information. The activity of the special neuron denotes the maximum cumulative reward by following the optimal policy from the corresponding state when the network is stable. Then the initial Q-values are defined as the immediate reward plus the maximum cumulative reward by following the optimal policy beginning at the succeeding state. In this way, we create a mapping between the known environment information and the initial values of Q-table based on neural network. The prior knowledge can be incorporated into the learning system, and give robots a better learning foundation. Results of experiments in a grid world problem show that neural network-based Q-learning enables a robot to acquire an optimal policy with better learning performance compared to conventional Q-learning and potential field-based Q-learning.

Early Growth Response Protein-1 Involves in Transforming Growth factor-β1 Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Inhibits Migration of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Shan, Li-Na,Song, Yong-Gui,Su, Dan,Liu, Ya-Li,Shi, Xian-Bao,Lu, Si-Jing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9

The zinc finger transcription factor EGR 1 has a role in controlling synaptic plasticity, wound repair, female reproductive capacity, inflammation, growth control, apoptosis and tumor progression. Recent studies mainly focused on its role in growth control and apoptosis, however, little is known about its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we aim to explore whether EGR 1 is involved in TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EMT in non-smallcell lung cancer cells. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ was utilized to induce EMT in this study. Western blotting, RT-PCR, and transwell chambers were used to identify phenotype changes. Western blotting was also used to observe changes of the expression of EGR 1. The lentivirus-mediated EGR 1 vector was used to increase EGR 1 expression. We investigated the change of migration to evaluate the effect of EGR 1 on non-small-cell lung cancer cells migration by transwell chambers. After stimulating with TGF-${\beta}1$, almost all A549 cells and Luca 1 cells (Non-small-cell lung cancer primary cells) changed to mesenchymal phenotype and acquired more migration capabilities. These cells also had lower EGR 1 protein expression. Overexpression of EGR 1 gene with EGR 1 vector could decrease tumor cell migration capabilities significantly after adding TGF-${\beta}1$. These data s howed an important role of EGR 1 in the EMT of non-small-cell lung cancer cells, as well as migration.

Dosimetric Verification for Primary Focal Hypermetabolism of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated with Dynamic Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy

Xin, Yong,Wang, Jia-Yang,Li, Liang,Tang, Tian-You,Liu, Gui-Hong,Wang, Jian-She,Xu, Yu-Mei,Chen, Yong,Zhang, Long-Zhen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3

Objective: To make sure the feasibility with $^{18F}FDG$ PET/CT to guided dynamic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, by dosimetric verification before treatment. Methods: Chose 11 patients in III~IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with functional image-guided IMRT and absolute and relative dosimetric verification by Varian 23EX LA, ionization chamber, 2DICA of I'mRT Matrixx and IBA detachable phantom. Drawing outline and making treatment plan were by different imaging techniques (CT and $^{18F}FDG$ PET/CT). The dose distributions of the various regional were realized by SMART. Results: The absolute mean errors of interest area were $2.39%{\pm}0.66$ using 0.6cc ice chamber. Results using DTA method, the average relative dose measurements within our protocol (3%, 3 mm) were 87.64% at 300 MU/min in all filed. Conclusions: Dosimetric verification before IMRT is obligatory and necessary. Ionization chamber and 2DICA of I'mRT Matrixx was the effective dosimetric verification tool for primary focal hyper metabolism in functional image-guided dynamic IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our preliminary evidence indicates that functional image-guided dynamic IMRT is feasible.

Tissue distribution of sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in beagle dogs

Zhang-Yong Ning,Xin-Tao Wu,Yan-Fen Cheng,Wen-Bao Qi,Yu-Fu An,Heng Wang,Gui-Hong Zhang,Shou-Jun Li 대한수의학회 2012 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.13 No.3

Reports of influenza A virus infections in dogs has received considerable attention from veterinarians, virologists, and epidemiologists. Interaction between influenza viral hemagglutinin and cell oligosaccharides containing sialic acid residues results in infection. Sialic acids have an α-2,3-linkage to the penultimate galactose in the avian influenza virus receptor and an α-2,6-linkage in the human receptor. To date,there are no detailed data on the tissue distribution or histological features of either type of sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in beagle dogs, which are common laboratory animals and pets. We conducted the current study to visualize the in situ tissue distribution of both sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in various organs of beagle dogs using Maackia amurensis lectin II and Sambucus nigra agglutinin. Both α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialic acid-linked receptors were detected in the endothelial cells of the respiratory tract and other organs. Endothelial cells of most gastrointestinal organs were negative for α-2,3-sialic acid-linked receptors in the dogs. Our results suggested that these canine organs may be affected by influenza virus infection. The findings from our study will also help evaluate the occurrence and development of influenza virus infections in dogs.