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Wong Yiu-chung 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2006 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.30 No.2
Liao Zhengzhi, the late director of the Office of Hong Kong and Macau Affairs, once said that on the resumption of Hong Kong’s sovereignty, Hong Kong needed only to change the flag and British governor. While the press was full of doomsday prophecies about Hong Kong’s future, there was a camp of “super-paradox” theorists who genuinely believed that Hong Kong’s status quo would not change after the handover. The authoritarian one party-dominated PRC, they asserted, could absorb a free-flowing Hong Kong without changing the nature of an open society. Contrary to doomsday prophets and “super-paradox” theorists, this article argues that while the doomsday prophecy was groundless, important institutional changes did take place even though they were barely noticed. It is argued, by using the example of the legislation of Article 23, that a gradual approach has been adopted by the Chinese Communist Party to change the fundamentals of Hong Kong’s polity, a strategy that I call “Leninist integration.”
RESTRUCTURING THE PARTY-STATE POLITY : CHINA'S POLITICAL STRUCTURAL REFORM IN THE 1980s
Yiu-chung, Wong The Institute for Far Eastern Studies Kyungnam Uni 1998 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.22 No.3
Contraty to the widely-held belief that the term "political structural reform" was introduced in the early 1980s, in fact, the term was coined by the Chinese leadership only in the mid-1980s. Before then, the senior Chinese party-state leaders used various terms to denote the reform process in the party-state decision-making machinery and apparatus, such as superstructural reform, party-state leadership reform, and perfecting the socialist political system. Moreover, China's political structural reform in the 1980s embraced five dimensions, namely democratizing the party-state apparatus and process; arranging for a smooth leadership succession; streamlining and rationalizing the party-state bureaucracy; strengthening the National People's Congress; and liberalizing intellectual life. The sociopolitical consequences of the reform were tremendous, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) being transformed from a country of totalistic communist-party control into an authoritarian state with an embyronic civil society. Despite the sweeping reform, the "four cardinal principles: enunciated by Deng Xiaoping in 1979 served as an structural constraint on political structural reform.
Wong, Yiu Tung Anthony,Kang, Do-Yoon,Lee, Jin Bae,Rha, Seung-Woon,Hong, Young Joon,Shin, Eun-Seok,Her, Sung-Ho,Nam, Chang Wook,Chung, Woo-Young,Kim, Moo Hyun,Lee, Cheol Hyun,Lee, Pil Hyung,Ahn, Jung-M Elsevier 2018 American Heart Journal Vol.197 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P> <P>This study sought to evaluate the optimal treatment for in-stent restenosis (ISR) of drug-eluting stents (DESs).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized study comparing the use of drug-eluting balloon (DEB) versus second-generation everolimus-eluting stent for the treatment of DES ISR. The primary end point was in-segment late loss at 9-month routine angiographic follow-up.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 172 patients were enrolled, and 74 (43.0%) patients underwent the angiographic follow-up. The primary end point was not different between the 2 treatment groups (DEB group 0.15±0.49 mm vs DES group 0.19±0.41 mm, <I>P</I> =.54). The secondary end points of in-segment minimal luminal diameter (MLD) (1.80±0.69 mm vs 2.09±0.46 mm, <I>P</I> =.03), in-stent MLD (1.90±0.71 mm vs 2.29±0.48 mm, <I>P</I> =.005), in-segment percent diameter stenosis (34%±21% vs 26%±15%, <I>P</I> =.05), and in-stent percent diameter stenosis (33%±21% vs 21%±15%, <I>P</I> =.002) were more favorable in the DES group. The composite of death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization at 1 year was comparable between the 2 groups (DEB group 7.0% vs DES group 4.7%, <I>P</I> =.51).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Treatment of DES ISR using DEB or second-generation DES did not differ in terms of late loss at 9-month angiographic follow-up, whereas DES showed better angiographic results regarding minimal MLD and percent diameter stenosis. Both treatment strategies were safe and effective up to 1year after the procedure.</P>
( Qunn Jid Lee ),( Wai Yee Ching ),( Yiu Chung Wong ) 대한슬관절학회 2017 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.29 No.1
Purpose: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is effective in reducing blood loss in primary total knee replacement. Almost all studies used an intravenous form or a topical form. The aim of this study was to assess the blood sparing efficacy and the safety of oral TXA. Materials and Methods: All patients with primary total knee replacement performed in our institute from January 2015 to October 2015 were eligible. Oral TXA group was given 1 g oral TXA 2 hours before induction of anesthesia and 6 hours and 12 hours postoperatively. The control group was not given TXA. Results: There were 94 cases in the oral TXA group and 95 cases in the control group. There was no difference in the baseline characteristics. The oral TXA group had a significantly lower hemoglobin drop (1.7 g/dL vs. 2.5 g/dL), lower drain output (154 mL vs. 203 mL), lower hidden blood loss (244 mL vs. 423 mL) and lower total blood loss (398 mL vs. 626 mL). There was no difference in transfusion rate (1.1% vs. 3.2%) and thromboembolic complication. There was no infection or mortality in both groups. Conclusions: Oral TXA is effective in reducing blood loss in primary total knee replacement. It is a safe alternative to the intravenous or topical form.
Lee Qunn-Jid,Chang Wai-Yee Esther,Wong Yiu-Chung 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-
Background: Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) has become a popular tool for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but almost all studies had assessment performed 1 year after surgery. There is a need for a sensitive tool for earlier outcome assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of FJS within the first year after TKA. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients within the first year after primary TKA were recruited. FJS was translated into the local language with a cross-cultural adaptation and was validated by assessing the correlation with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index score (WOMAC). Ceiling and floor effects (highest or lowest 10% or 15%) of both scores were compared. Skewness of scores was assessed with a histogram. Results: One hundred sixty-three subjects were recruited: 84 (51.5%) had evaluation at 3 months after the operation, 56 (34.4%) at 6 months, and 23 (14.1%) at 12 months. FJS had fewer patients at the highest 10% (10.7% vs. 16.1%, P = 0.046) or 15% (19.6% vs. 32.1%, P = 0.027) at 6 months and within the first year overall (6.7% vs. 13.5%, P <0.001; 14.1% vs. 22.7%, P <0.001). Also, it had more patients at the lowest 10% (16.7% vs. 0%, P <0.001) or 15% (21.4% vs. 0%, P < 0.001) at 3 months, 6 months (10.7% vs. 0%, P <0.001), and overall (12.9% vs. 0%, P <0.001; 16.6% vs. 0%, P <0.001). The skewness was much less than WOMAC (0.09 vs. −0.56). Conclusions: FJS has a low ceiling effect but a high floor effect in the first year after TKA. Such characteristics make it less useful for the general assessment of early patient report outcome after operation.
Mak Yik-Fung,Lee Qunn-Jid,Chang Wai-Yee Esther,Wong Yiu-Chung 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-
Purpose: Intraoperative femoral condyle fracture is a significant but rarely reported complication during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This is the first study to identify the incidence, risk factors, location and outcome of these fractures in an Asian population with modern posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA. Materials and methods: We reviewed 2682 consecutive primary TKAs performed between 2011 and 2017 in a single centre; 23 femoral condyle fractures were identified and analysed. Results: Fractures were managed conservatively with screw fixation or revision arthroplasty. Mean follow up was 3.0 years (range 3 months to 5.9 years). All patients achieved bone union and good functional outcome. The mean Knee Society Knee score was 89.4 (range 71–100) and the function score was 80.2 (range 60–95) at a mean of 3.0 years post-operation. Bilateral surgery was found to be a significant risk factor for femoral condyle fracture, while there was a higher trend of fracture in female patients and Stryker articular surface mounted (ASM) navigation. Conclusions: Intraoperative fracture is not uncommon with modern PS TKA. Postulated risk factors for fracture were discussed. Early identification of risk factors and a rigorous surgical technique may reduce risk of fracture. A good functional result was expected after proper treatment.