Chest Radiography of Tuberculosis: Determination of Activity Using Deep Learning Algorithm

( Ye Ra Choi ),( Soon Ho Yoon ),( Jihang Kim ),( Jin Young Yoo ),( Hwiyoung Kim ),( Kwang Nam Jin ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2023 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.86 No.3

Background: Inactive or old, healed tuberculosis (TB) on chest radiograph (CR) is often found in high TB incidence countries, and to avoid unnecessary evaluation and medication, differentiation from active TB is important. This study develops a deep learning (DL) model to estimate activity in a single chest radiographic analysis. Methods: A total of 3,824 active TB CRs from 511 individuals and 2,277 inactive TB CRs from 558 individuals were retrospectively collected. A pretrained convolutional neural network was fine-tuned to classify active and inactive TB. The model was pretrained with 8,964 pneumonia and 8,525 normal cases from the National Institute of Health (NIH) dataset. During the pretraining phase, the DL model learns the following tasks: pneumonia vs. normal, pneumonia vs. active TB, and active TB vs. normal. The performance of the DL model was validated using three external datasets. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance to determine active TB by DL model and radiologists. Sensitivities and specificities for determining active TB were evaluated for both the DL model and radiologists. Results: The performance of the DL model showed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.980 in internal validation, and 0.815 and 0.887 in external validation. The AUC values for the DL model, thoracic radiologist, and general radiologist, evaluated using one of the external validation datasets, were 0.815, 0.871, and 0.811, respectively. Conclusion: This DL-based algorithm showed potential as an effective diagnostic tool to identify TB activity, and could be useful for the follow-up of patients with inactive TB in high TB burden countries.

스트릿 댄스 참여자의 신체적 자기지각, 운동몰입 및 심리적 행복감 간의 관계

신예라 ( Ye Ra Shin ),김예슬 ( Ye Seul Kim ),여인성 ( In Sung Yeo ) 한국체육학회 2020 한국체육학회지 Vol.59 No.3

본 연구는 스트릿 댄스를 배우고 있는 참여자들을 대상으로 신체적 자기지각, 운동몰입, 심리적 행복감 간의 관계를 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 서울, 인천 지역에 위치한 스트릿 댄스 학원 2곳에 직접 방문하여 수업 참여자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 총 241부의 설문지를 본 연구에 사용하였다. 자료 처리를 위해 AMOS 26.0과 Window 용 SPSS 24.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 확인적 요인분석, 상관관계 분석, 구조방정식 모형 분석을 실시하였으며, 부트스트래핑 방법으로 매개효과인 통계적 유의성을 검정하여 신체적 자기지각과 심리적 행복감의 관계에서 운동몰입의 매개효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스트릿 댄스 참여자들의 신체적 자기지각은 운동몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 스트릿 댄스 참여자들의 운동몰입이 심리적 행복감에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 스트릿 댄스 참여자들의 신체적 자기지각이 심리적 행복감에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 운동몰입은 신체적 자기지각과 심리적 행복감 사이에서 매개 되었다. 본 연구는 스트릿 댄스를 누구나 즐길 수 있는 신체활동으로 인식하고, 스트릿 댄스의 효과로 사람들의 스트레스 해소와 삶의 질 향상에 기여하고자 한다. The study collected and used a total of 241 questionnaires from the Street Dance Academy in Incheon, Seoul. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 26.0, using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, descriptive statistical analysis and the mediating effects of exercise flow in the relationship between physical self-perception and psychological happiness were analyzed by testing statistical significance, which is a mediating effect, by bootstraping method. The results of the study are as follows. First, the physical self-perception of street dance participants had a positive effect on exercise flow. Second, the exercise flow of street dance participants had a positive effect on the psychological happiness. Third, the physical self-perception of street dance participants had a positive effect on psychological happiness. Fourth, exercise flow mediated between physical self-perception and psychological happiness. This study aims to contribute to relieving people’s stress and improving their quality of life with the effect of street dance.

가곡의 골격음과 핵음 분석

라예송 ( Ra Ye-song ) 한국음악사학회 2022 한국음악사학보 Vol.68 No.-

이 글에서는 가곡의 구성음과 악조 관련 논의를 점검하면서, 특정 악기나 노래만이 아니라 전체 합주 총보를 놓고 남창가곡 우조와 계면조 <초삭대엽>을 중심으로 골격음과 핵음을 분석하였다. 그 결과 우조가곡의 골격음은 ‘㑀’, ‘㑖’, ‘㑣’, ‘㑲’, ‘黃’, ‘太’, ‘仲’, ‘林’, ‘潢’이며, 이 중 핵음은 ‘㑣’과 ‘太’ 두음으로 해석되었다. 계면조가곡의 골격음은 ‘㑖’, ‘㑣’, ‘黃’, ‘仲’, ‘林’, ‘潢’이며, 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 핵음은 ‘㑣’과 ‘仲’ 두 음으로 해석되었다. 결국 가곡은 핵음 두 음을 중심으로 하여 그 골격을 형성하는 구조로 이루어져 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 위 결과는 선행연구와 일치하는 부분도 있지만, 차이를 보이는 면이 있다. 차이에 대한 근거를 제시하는 과정에서, 가곡에서 옥타브관계의 음은 음악 안에서 같은 무게를 갖지 않기 때문에 구성음을 분석할 때 옥타브 관계를 별도로 놓고 분석할 필요가 있는 사실 또한 확인하게 되었다. 이러한 골격음과 핵음 분석이 중요한 이유는 악조 차원의 논의를 넘어 가곡 합주의 음악적 흐름과 전개방식을 알 수 있기 때문이다. 가곡 합주에서 골격음과 핵음은 노래와 악기군에서 공유하면서 각 파트별로 보다 자유롭고 가변적으로 비골격음들을 운용하면서 헤테로포니를 이룬다. In this article, the relationship between the component tones and tonal system in kagok was discussed. Specifically, it analyzes the main and nuclear tones of ujo and kyemyŏnjo not only focusing on the instrument playing or song but on the entire ensemble. As a result, it turns out that the main tones of ujo kagok are ‘㑀’, ‘㑖’, ‘㑣’, ‘㑲’, ‘黃’, ‘太’, ‘仲’, ‘林’, ‘潢’, and the nuclear tones are ‘㑣’ and ‘太’. The main notes of kyemyŏnjo kagok are ‘㑖’, ‘㑣’, ‘黃’, ‘仲’, ‘林’, ‘潢’, and the nuclear tones are ‘㑣’ and ‘仲’. Accordingly, it can be argued that kagok forms its structure centering on two nuclear tones. Since notes in an octave relationship in kagok do not have the same weight in music, this research confirms that it is necessary to analyze the octave relationship separately when analyzing the component tones. The reason why the analysis of skeletal and core notes is important is it tells the musical flow as well as content development of the kagok ensemble beyond the discussion of the tonal system. In the kagok ensemble, the main and nuclear tones are shared by the song and instrument group, and each part forms a heterophony by operating non-main tones more freely and variably.

Chest Radiographs and CT Findings during Healthcare Workers' Tuberculosis Screening Using Interferon-Gamma Release Assay: Retrospective Observational Study

Choi Ye Ra,Lee Jung-Kyu,Heo Eun Young,Kim Deog Kyeom,Jin Kwang Nam 대한영상의학회 2021 대한영상의학회지 Vol.82 No.6

Purpose To investigate the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in healthcare workers (HCWs) with positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results based on chest X-ray (CXR) and CT findings and determine the role of imaging in the diagnosis of TB. Materials and Methods Among 1976 hospital personnel screened for TB using IGRA, IGRApositive subjects were retrospectively investigated. Clustered nodular and/or linear streaky opacities in the upper lung zone were considered positive on CXR. The CT findings were classified as active, indeterminate, inactive, or normal. The active or indeterminate class was considered CT-positive. Results IGRA was positive in 255 subjects (12.9%). CXR and CT were performed in 249 (99.2%) and 113 subjects (45.0%), respectively. CXR- and CT-positive findings were found in 7 of 249 (2.8%) and 9 of 113 (8.0%) patients, respectively. Among the nine CT-positive subjects, active and indeterminate TB findings were found in 6 (5.3%) and 3 (2.7%) patients, respectively. Microbiological tests, including acid-fast bacilli staining, culture, and polymerase chain reaction for TB, were negative in all nine CT-positive subjects. Empirical anti-TB medications were administered to 9 CT-positive subjects, and 3 of these nine subjects were CXR-negative for pulmonary TB. Conclusion CT helped diagnose asymptomatic TB in IGRA-positive HCWs.

결혼선택을 통한 여성의 주체성과 도덕성 함양 : 『오만과 편견』을 중심으로

이예라(Ye Ra Lee) 한국영미문학교육학회 2021 영미문학교육 Vol.25 No.1

In 19th century British society, men and women were divided into private and public spheres; and men’s role was to progressively pioneer life in the public sphere, while women’s role was to passively comfort men in the private sphere. This role division meant that women had relative, not independent existences. This era also had a severe economic gap between the rich and the poor; the labor or lower class was destitute, with women living even harder lives than labor workers. Repression and unfair treatment toward women was an important issue during this period. Working class women were dually oppressed, both economically and sexually. Jane Austen satirizes the reality of British society with positive female consciousness that transcends the contemporary gender ideology. She criticizes repression toward women and satirizes reality with Elizabeth’s autonomous identity and morality about marriage in Pride and Prejudice.

국악세계화 담론의 흐름과 전망

라예송 ( Ra Ye-song ) 한국음악사학회 2019 한국음악사학보 Vol.63 No.-

1990년대 이후 전통예술 분야에서 ‘세계화’는 중요한 담론적 지점이었다. 오늘날도 대중화, 산업화와 함께 대한민국 전통예술정책의 기본방향으로 제시되고 있다. 하지만, 국악 혹은 전통음악과 관련한 세계화 논의는 그동안 활발하게 이루어진 듯하지만 실제로는 당위만 지배한 채 그 의미와 함정에 관한 성찰과 비판적 사유는 빈약한 편이었다. 그럼에도 1990년대 초반부터 오늘날까지 국악세계화 관련 논설들의 흐름을 짚어보면 조금씩 진화해온 궤적을 살필 수 있으며, 오늘날의 세계화 담론에서 공격적인 해외진출이나 국가주의적 자문화 홍보ㆍ보급 차원을 넘어 인류공통의 의제인 문화다양성을 논하는 것은 긍정적인 신호이다. 이제 앞으로의 논의의 발전은 ‘어떻게 세계화를 할 것인가’의 방안 모색 차원을 넘어 ‘무엇을 위해’, ‘누구를 위해’의 질문이 전면에 제시될 필요가 있다. 세계화 논의 자체가 국가주의와 국수주의 혹은 제국주의적 욕망에 길들여진 채 현실의 성찰과 반성이 없이 진행되는 현상은 위험하기 때문이다. 의미가 탐색되고 현실이 성찰되지 않은 상태에서 실천만이 강조되어서는 안된다. Globalization has been one of the most actively discussed terms in the disciplines of Korean traditional performing arts since the 1990s, and it is still dealt heavily in contemporary Korea’s traditional culture policies. Although there have been lots of arguments about globalization of Korean traditional performing arts, introspection of the meanings or risks of the term ‘globalization’ has been relatively poor. Nevertheless, there has been the track for evolution in the arguments about globalization since the 1990s, in which cultural diversity has been discussed, besides aggressive overseas expansion to the world market, nationalistic self-culture propagation.It is desirable that ‘value’ rather than ‘duty’ should be discussed. The development of arguments about globalization of Korean traditional performing arts will depend on the issues of ‘for what’ and ‘for who’ rather than ‘how’. It may be dangerous that globalization arguments would be habituated to nationalism and imperialistic desire. Exploring to ‘meaning’ and reflecting on ‘the real’ are inevitable in the discourse of cultural globalization.

‘국악을 가르치는 문제’에 대한 초등예비교사들의 질문과 그 상징

라예송 ( Ra Ye-song ) 한국음악사학회 2021 한국음악사학보 Vol.66 No.-

이 글은 필자가 강의하고 있는 한 교육대학교 국악과목의 수강생들을 통해서 초등예비교사들이 국악수업 및 국악지식에 관하여 실제로 가장 궁금해 하는 점들이 무엇인지를 알아보고자 한 것이다. 수강생들에게 “국악 및 국악수업과 관련 유의미한 질문하기”의 과제를 주고 그들 스스로 현재 상태에서 답답하거나 궁금한 것이 무엇인지를 물어보았다. 이를 통해 교육대학교에서 국악 관련 과목을 확대ㆍ강화할 때 실제로 어떤 내용적 방향이 필요한지를 도출해낼 수 있었다. 또한 초등예비교사들의 질문을 통해서 현재 학교 국악교육이 교육적 가치보다 국악전공자의 관점을 담고 있음을 알 수 있었다. This article aims to find out what pre-service elementary school teachers are actually most curious about Korean traditional music classes and Korean traditional music knowledge through the students of a Korean traditional music course at a university of education that I am teaching. Students were given the task of “Asking meaningful questions related to Korean traditional music and Korean traditional music classes” and asked what they were frustrated or curious about in their current state. Through this, it was possible to derive what kind of content direction was actually needed when expanding and strengthening the subjects related to Korean traditional music at the university of education. Also, through the questions of elementary school pre-teachers, it can be argued that the current school's traditional music education contains the perspectives of Korean traditional music majors rather than educational values.

디자인씽킹 기반 중학교 가정교과연계 진로교육 프로그램 개발

박예라(Ye Ra Park),심현섭(Huen Sup Shim) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2023 한국지역사회생활과학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2023 No.5

대전지역 독경의 음악 특징 재론

라예송 ( Ra Ye-song ) 한국음악사학회 2019 한국음악사학보 Vol.62 No.-

대전(大田)의 앉은굿 무가(巫歌)는 신석봉 법사와 송선자 보살의 독경(讀經)으로 대표된다. 기존 연구에 의하면 신석봉 법사의 독경은 메나리토리로, 송선자 보살의 독경은 이른바 북부경토리로 간주되었다. 하지만 실제 신석봉 법사와 송선자 보살의 독경은 이와 같은 기존 연구결과와는 다른 음악특징을 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 두 사람의 독경음악은 모두 메나리토리가 강하면서 동시에 육자배기토리의 특징을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 대전지역 독경의 음악특징에 대한 근본적 재론이 이루어질 수밖에 없는 것이다. There are two shaman masters of anjun'gut 앉은굿, literally meaning the seating rites of shaman, shaman sculptures chanting called tokkyong 讀經, Sin Sok-pong 신 석봉 and Song Son-ja 송선자, who hold the title of Taejon 大田(Daejeon) Metrop olitan Intangible Cultural Property. The music of them has been regarded as the me nari t’ori 메나리토리(musical style of Kyongsang province), and the anjun'gut musi cal and cultural range of Taejon has been considerd as a part of menari t’ori range. Besides, Song Son-ja's music of shamanist chants has been regarded as the northern kyongt’ori 京토리(musical style of Seoul). However, the actual characteristics of their music of chanting sculptures are differe nt from the arguments of previous research reports. They have the musical features of yukchabaegi t’ori 육자배기토리(musical style of Cholla province) as well as mena ri t’ori, though the features of menari t’ori are superior to those of yukchabaegi t’ori. Therefore, it is obviously false that the anjun'gut musical and cultural range of Taejo n has been considerd as a part of menari t’ori range, and Song Son-ja's music of sha manist chants has been regarded as the northern kyongt’ori. The false arguments of previous research reports was based upon false transcription s of melodies and rhythms. It is inevitable that we should rethink the musical charac - teristics of shamanist sculptures chanting in anjun-kut of Taejon.

토마스 데만트(Thomas Demand)의 ‘탈(脫)역사화’사진작업 연구

하예라 ( Ha Ye Ra ),박주석 ( Park Ju Seok ) 한국사진학회 2019 AURA Vol.0 No.42

This study is about a German artist Thomas Demand’s work who spreads beyond all boundaries between reality and illusion through photography. The object that Demand takes a photo is a cardboard model handcrafted by him. It exists as simulacre. He does work overthrowing reality by making a virtual space with the cardboard model as the same as a real space. Demand’s work can be characterized by dehistoricization. Because He removed all the indexes connoting that the spaces from collected images were actually existed. With the focus on Demand’s dehistoricized work, this study examines images made with social recognition system that Demand overthrows. He adopted a labor intensive process against deskilling in photography in order to expose myths of photography about realism. He determines that the reality of photography is not real because the images in photography are composed by artist’s recognition system. This study derives historical meaning of Demand’s work from examining works that overthrow substances in reality.