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Genmeng Yang,Juan Li,Yanxia Peng,Baoyu Shen,Yuanyuan Li,Liu Liu,Chan Wang,Yue Xu,Shucheng Lin,Shuwei Zhang,Yi Tan,Huijie Zhang,Xiaofeng Zeng,Qi Li,Gang Lu 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.3
This study investigates the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 (GsRb1) on methamphetamine (METH)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP)in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. It also examines whether GsRb1 can regulate these effects through theNR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with GsRb1 (20 mM and 40 mM) for 1 h, followed by METHtreatment (2 mM) for 24 h. Rats were treated with METH (2 mg/kg) or saline on alternating days for 10days to allow CPP to be examined. GsRb1 (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h beforeMETH or saline. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression of NR2B, ERK, P-ERK, CREB, PCREB, and BDNF in the SH-SY5Y cells and the rats' hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Results: METH dose-dependently reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment of cells with 40mM of GsRb1 increased cell viability and reduced the expression of METH-induced NR2B, p-ERK, p-CREBand BDNF. GsRb1 also attenuated the expression of METH CPP in a dose-dependent manner in rats. Further, GsRb1 dose-dependently reduced the expression of METH-induced NR2B, p-ERK, p-CREB, andBDNF in the PFC, hippocampus, and NAc of rats. Conclusion: GsRb1 regulated METH-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and METH-induced CPP through theNR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF regulatory pathway. GsRb1 could be a therapeutic target for treating METHinduced neurotoxicity or METH addiction.
Macro-/micro-environment-sensitive chemosensing and biological imaging
Yang, Zhigang,Cao, Jianfang,He, Yanxia,Yang, Jung Ho,Kim, Taeyoung,Peng, Xiaojun,Kim, Jong Seung The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Chemical Society reviews Vol.43 No.13
<P>Environment-related parameters, including viscosity, polarity, temperature, hypoxia, and pH, play pivotal roles in controlling the physical or chemical behaviors of local molecules. In particular, in a biological environment, such factors predominantly determine the biological properties of the local environment or reflect corresponding status alterations. Abnormal changes in these factors would cause cellular malfunction or become a hallmark of the occurrence of severe diseases. Therefore, in recent years, they have increasingly attracted research interest from the fields of chemistry and biological chemistry. With the emergence of fluorescence sensing and imaging technology, several fluorescent chemosensors have been designed to respond to such parameters and to further map their distributions and variations <I>in vitro</I>/<I>in vivo</I>. In this work, we have reviewed a number of various environment-responsive chemosensors related to fluorescent recognition of viscosity, polarity, temperature, hypoxia, and pH that have been reported thus far.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We have summarized the research progress on fluorescent sensors responsive to environmental factors, including local viscosity, polarity, temperature, hypoxia and pH. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cs00051j'> </P>
Sun, Xiaoming,Shen, Jinglin,Liu, Chang,Li, Sheng,Peng, Yanxia,Chen, Chengzhen,Yuan, Bao,Gao, Yan,Meng, Xianmei,Jiang, Hao,Zhang, Jiabao Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.1
Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) and N-carbamoylglutamic acid (NCG) on the growth, metabolism, immunity and community of cecal bacterial flora of weanling and young rabbits. Methods: Eighteen normal-grade male weanling Japanese White rabbits (JWR) were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with or without L-Arg and NCG supplementation. The whole feeding process was divided into weanling stage (day 37 to 65) and young stage (day 66 to 85). The effects of L-Arg and NCG on the growth, metabolism, immunity and development of the ileum and jejunum were compared via nutrient metabolism experiments and histological assessment. The different communities of cecal bacterial flora affected by L-Arg and NCG were assessed using high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis. Results: The addition of L-Arg and NCG enhanced the growth of weanling and young rabbit by increasing the nitrogen metabolism, protein efficiency ratio, and biological value, as well as feed intake and daily weight gain. Both L-Arg and NCG increased the concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG. NCG was superior to L-Arg in promoting intestinal villus development by increasing villus height, villus height/crypt depth index, and reducing the crypt depth. The effects of L-Arg and NCG on the cecal bacterial flora were mainly concentrated in different genera, including Parabacteroides, Roseburia, dgA-11_gut_group, Alistipes, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005. These bacteria function mainly in amino acid transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, lipid transport and metabolism, recombination and repair, cell cycle control, cell division, and cell motility. Conclusion: L-Arg and NCG can promote the growth and immunity of weanling and young JWR, as well as effecting the jejunum and ileum villi. L-Arg and NCG have different effects in the promotion of nutrient utilization, relieving inflammation and enhancing adaptability through regulating microbial community.