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Ying-ying Xu,Hai-ru Yu,Jia-yi Sun,Zhao Zhao,Shuang Li,Xin-feng Zhang,Zhi-xuan Liao,Ming-ke Cui,Juan Li,Chan Li,Qiang Zhang 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.2
Purpose Although the interferon (IFN) signaling and the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) have both been implicated in the progression of breast cancer (BCa), it remains obscure whether these two pathways act in a coordinated manner. We therefore aimed to elucidate the expression and function of PITX2 during the pathogenesis of endocrine resistance in BCa. Materials and Methods PITX2 expression was assessed in BCa tissues using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry and in experimentally induced letrozole-resistant BCa cells using RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. Effects of PITX2 deregulation on BCa progression was determined by assessing MTT, apoptosis and xenograft model. Finally, using multiple assays, the transcriptional regulation of interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) by PITX2 was studied at both molecular and functional levels. Results PITX2 expression was induced in letrozole-resistant BCa tissues and cells, and PITX2 induction by IFN signaling powerfully protected BCa cells against letrozole insult and potentiated letrozole-resistance. Mechanistically, PITX2 enhanced IFN-induced AKT activation by transactivating the transcription of IFITM1, thus rendering BCa cells unresponsive to letrozoleelicited cell death. Additionally, ablation of IFITM1 expression using siRNA substantially abolished IFN-elicited AKT phosphorylation, even in the presence of PITX2 overexpression, thus sensitizing BCa cells to letrozole treatment. Conclusion These results demonstrate that constitutive upregulation of PITX2/IFITM1 cascade is an intrinsic adaptive mechanism during the pathogenesis of letrozole-resistance, and modulation of PITX2/IFITM1 level using different genetic and pharmacological means would thus have a novel therapeutic potential against letrozole resistance in BCa.
Mechanical Performance of Prefabricated External Wall Panel under Horizontal Displacement
Ying Xu,Shuai-Ying Wang,Lei Chai,Cong-Cong Luo 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.11
In this paper, experiment and Finite Element Method (FEM) approaches are employed to study the mechanical performance of prefabricated external wall panel under lateral displacement. Tensile bond strength test and Z-shaped specimen direct shear test of the bonding interface of mortar to ceramsite concrete are performed, the normal and shear mechanical property of the interface is studied respectively. Scaled model test of prefabricated external wall panel under lateral displacement is then performed to obtain loaddisplacement curve, and mechanical behavior of prefabricated external wall panel in different stages is studied. Moreover, ABAQUS finite element analysis model for scaled model test panel is established based on previous study about bond interface and the results from experiment and FEM analysis are relatively consistent with each other. It is found that with the gradual increase in tangential contact stiffness of joint interfaces, the overall lateral stiffness of wall panels will approach complete joint consolidation conditions before the peak load. However, when the tangential contact stiffness of joint interfaces increases to a certain extent, there will be little change in initial lateral stiffness.
Ying Jiang,Chaoyang Guan,Xu Liu,Yushan Wang,Huaqin Zuo,Tian Xia,Peipei Xu,Jian Ouyang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.1
Doxorubicin (DOX) plays an important part in lymphoma treatment. However, various side effects on normal tissues restrict its clinical use. Nanocarriers connected by Gly–Phe–Leu–Gly (GFLG) can be equipped with the advantages of nanoparticles (NPs), their enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and surface modifiability. Nanocarriers can also be specifically enzymatically hydrolyzed by cathepsin (Cath) B, a kind of enzyme highly expressed in tumor cells. In this work, we proposed a novel drug delivery system comprising GFLG conjugated with copper sulfide (CuS) NPs loaded with DOX. The system, designated as CuS-GFLG-DOX, could be used for NP-based targeted combination chemotherapy. Results showed that the drug delivery system had an appropriate diameter, good dispersibility, high encapsulation efficiency and high drug loading. The system also exhibited an excellent targeting of lymphoma cells and an enhanced antitumor activity. The possible pathway to induce cytotoxic effects was Bcl-2/caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway. In conclusion, CuS-GFLG-DOX could precisely deliver drugs to lymphoma cells and could be a novel and promising therapeutic option for lymphoma.
Xu Ying,Chen Jing,Jiang Li-Yun,Qiao Ge-xia 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1
A new species of the genus Aphis with stridulatory apparatus, Aphis gnetuma Qiao sp. n., feeding on Gnetum parvifolium which is a new host plant record for aphids from Guangxi, China is described. The new species is distinguished by a well-developed median frontal tubercle and body bearing white wax powder in life. The taxonomic position of this new species is supported by analysis results of COI and gnd genes. A key to Aphis species with stridulatory spines on the hind tibiae of apterous viviparous females is provided. The type specimens studied are deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xu, Mei-Ying,Lee, So Young,Kang, Sam Sik,Kim, Yeong Shik American Chemical Society and American Society of 2014 Journal of natural products Vol.77 No.2
<P>Jujuboside B (<B>1</B>) is one of the saponins isolated from the seeds of <I>Zizyphus jujuba</I> var. <I>spinosa</I>, which are used as a well-known traditional medicine for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety in East Asian countries. This is the first study to investigate the antitumor mechanism of <B>1</B> in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that <B>1</B> induced apoptosis and autophagy in AGS and HCT 116 human cancer cells and also effectively suppressed tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model bearing HCT 116 cells. The apoptosis-inducing effect of <B>1</B> was characterized by annexin V/propidium iodide staining, sub-G1 phase increase, and caspase-3 activation. Mechanistic studies showed that <B>1</B>-induced apoptosis is associated with the extrinsic pathway through an increase in FasL and caspase-8 activation. Moreover, <B>1</B> activated p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the extrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis was attenuated by both SB202190 (a p38 inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor). The autophagy-inducing effect was indicated by the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3 II (LC3-II) conversion. The autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BaF) decreased <B>1</B>-induced cell viability and increased pp38, pJNK, FasL, caspase-8 activation, and caspase-3 activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that <B>1</B> induced protective autophagy to retard extrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jnprdf/2014/jnprdf.2014.77.issue-2/np401022g/production/images/medium/np-2013-01022g_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/np401022g'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Xu, Xin-Fang,Gao, Yan,Xu, Shu-Ya,Liu, Huan,Xue, Xue,Zhang, Ying,Zhang, Hui,Liu, Meng-Nan,Xiong, Hui,Lin, Rui-Chao,Li, Xiang-Ri The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.3
Background: Temperature is an essential condition in red ginseng processing. The pharmacological activities of red ginseng under different steam temperatures are significantly different. Methods: In this study, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was developed to distinguish the red ginseng products that were steamed at high and low temperatures. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis were used to determine the influential components of the different samples. Results: The results showed that different steamed red ginseng samples can be identified, and the characteristic components were 20-gluco-ginsenoside Rf, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, and malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1 in red ginseng steamed at low temperature. Meanwhile, the characteristic components in red ginseng steamed at high temperature were 20R-ginsenoside Rs3 and ginsenoside Rs4. Polar ginsenosides were abundant in red ginseng steamed at low temperature, whereas higher levels of less polar ginsenosides were detected in red ginseng steamed at high temperature. Conclusion: This study makes the first time that differences between red ginseng steamed under different temperatures and their ginsenosides transformation have been observed systematically at the chemistry level. The results suggested that the identified chemical markers can be used to illustrate the transformation of ginsenosides in red ginseng processing.