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Blood Protein Polymorphisms of Native Fowls in Laos
Okamoto, S.,Tsunekawa, N.,Kawamoto, Y.,Worawut, R.,Kawabe, K.,Maeda, Y.,Nishida, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.7
Blood protein polymorphism of fowls in Laos was analyzed by electrophoresis. Blood samples were collected in the area of Viangchan, Louangphrabang and Pakxe. Out of 17 loci, polymorphism was detected at the following seven loci; ES-1, Amy-1, Akp-akp, Akp-2, Alb, Tf and Pas. The other ten loci; Amy-3, LDH, 6-PGD, PGM, PHI, To, MDH, Es-D, Hb-l, Hb-2 were noted to be monomorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci $(P_{poly})$, the expected average heterozygosity per individual ($\bar{H}$), and the subdivision index $(G_{ST})$ of the native fowl in Laos was $0.412{\pm}0.123$, 0.106 and 0.026, respectively. Genetic distance between native fowls in Laos, Bangladesh, and Nepal was clustered in one group.
Maw, A.A.,Kawabe, Kotaro,Shimogiri, T.,Rerkamnuaychoke, W.,Kawamoto, Y.,Masuda, S.,Okamoto, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1
The genetic diversity of native chicken populations from Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos was examined by using 102 insertion and/or deletion (indels) markers. Most of the indels loci were polymorphic (71% to 96%), and the genetic variability was similar in all populations. The average observed heterozygosities ($H_O$) and expected heterozygosities ($H_E$) ranged from 0.205 to 0.263 and 0.239 to 0.381, respectively. The coefficients of genetic differentiation (Gst) for all cumulated populations was 0.125, and the Thai native chickens showed higher Gst (0.088) than Myanmar (0.041) and Laotian (0.024) populations. The pairwise Fst distances ranged from 0.144 to 0.308 among populations. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, using Nei's genetic distance, revealed that Thai and Laotian native chicken populations were genetically close, while Myanmar native chickens were distant from the others. The native chickens from these three countries were thought to be descended from three different origins (K = 3) from STRUCTURE analysis. Genetic admixture was observed in Thai and Laotian native chickens, while admixture was absent in Myanmar native chickens.
A.A. Maw,K. Kawabe,T. Shimogiri,W. Rerkamnuaychoke,Y. Kawamoto,S. Masuda,S. Okamoto 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1
The genetic diversity of native chicken populations from Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos was examined by using 102 insertion and/or deletion (indels) markers. Most of the indels loci were polymorphic (71% to 96%), and the genetic variability was similar in all populations. The average observed heterozygosities (HO) and expected heterozygosities (HE) ranged from 0.205 to 0.263 and 0.239 to 0.381, respectively. The coefficients of genetic differentiation (Gst) for all cumulated populations was 0.125, and the Thai native chickens showed higher Gst (0.088) than Myanmar (0.041) and Laotian (0.024) populations. The pairwise Fst distances ranged from 0.144 to 0.308 among populations. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, using Nei’s genetic distance, revealed that Thai and Laotian native chicken populations were genetically close, while Myanmar native chickens were distant from the others. The native chickens from these three countries were thought to be descended from three different origins (K = 3) from STRUCTURE analysis. Genetic admixture was observed in Thai and Laotian native chickens, while admixture was absent in Myanmar native chickens.
Ethnic Differences of two Non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in CDA Gene
Sugiyama, E.,Lee, S.J.,Lee, S.S.,Kim, W.Y.,Kim, S.R.,Tohkin, M.,Hasegawa, R.,Okuda, H.,Kawamoto, M.,Kamatani, N.,Sawada, J.i.,Kaniwa, N.,Saito, Y.,Shin, J.G. 日本藥物動態學會 2009 DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS Vol.24 No.6
Cytidine deaminase, encoded by the CDA gene, catalyzes anti-cancer drugs gemcitabine and ara-C into their respective inactive metabolites. In CDA, two functionally significant non-synonymous polymorphisms, 79A>C (Lys27Gln) and 208G>A (Ala70Thr), have been found and their minor allele frequencies (MAFs) were reported in Japanese and Chinese patients and a relatively small numbers of healthy volunteers in Caucasians and Africans. In this study, we determined the MAFs of both polymorphisms in 200 healthy volunteers of Koreans, along with 206 Japanese, 200 Chinese-Americans, 150 Caucasian-Americans and 150 African-Americans to reveal ethnic differences. MAFs of 79A>C (Lys27Gln) were 0.153 in Koreans and 0.327 in Caucasian-Americans, 0.204 in Japanese, 0.155 in Chinese-Americans and 0.087 in African-Americans. MAFs of 208G>A (Ala70Thr) were 0.005 in Koreans and 0.022 in Japanese and the minor allele was not detected in Chinese-Americans, Caucasian-Americans or African-Americans. Thus possibly, MAF of 208G>A in Japanese is likely to be somewhat higher than in Koreans and Chinese-Americans. These data would provide fundamental and useful information for pharmacogenetic studies on cytidine deaminase-catalyzing drugs.
Bureenok, S.,Namihira, T.,Tamaki, M.,Mizumachi, S.,Kawamoto, Y.,Nakada, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.6
This experiment examined the characteristics of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) prepared by the addition of glucose, sucrose and molasses as a fermentation substrate. The effect of FJLB on the fermentative quality and changes in chemical composition during fermentation of guineagrass silage were also investigated. The pH value of the silages treated with FJLB rapidly decreased, and reached to the lowest value within 7 days of start of fermentation, as compared to the control. The number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the treated silages increased for the first 3 days, thereafter the number of LAB declined gradually up to the end of the experiment. Silages treated with FJLB had larger populations of LAB than the control. Ammonia-nitrogen production increased throughout the ensiling period, which in the control and no-sugar added FJLB silages were higher than the other treated silages. Lactic acid levels varied with the time of ensiling and among the silage treatments. For any sugar FJLB treated silages, the lactic acid increased initially, and then slightly reduced to less than 50 g/kg of dry matter until 49 days after ensiling, except the silage treated with glucose added FJLB. Nevertheless, lactic acid content of the control decreased constantly from the beginning of ensiling and was not found after 35 days. Moreover, acetic acid content increased throughout the ensiling period. All the FJLB treated silages had significantly (p<0.05) lower pH and ammonia-nitrogen content, while significantly (p<0.05) higher lactic acid content and V-score value compared with the control. This study confirmed that the applying of FJLB with any sugar substrate improved fermentative quality of silage.
Yahaya, M.S.,Goto, M.,Yimiti, W.,Smerjai, B.,Kawamoto, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.7
This study aimed to examine the fermentation quality of a tropical Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpuereum) and temperate Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) forages ensiled additive of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and to determine what factor affects the fermentation characteristics of the crops. In both species cell walls neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents in silages were consistently decreased (p<0.05) with the addition of FJLB at ensiling more then Control treatment. The FJLB additive increased number of LAB (cfu) and lactate concentration in the silages in both species. The Control treatment without additive underwent a clostridial type of fermentation with traces of propionic, iso-butyric, n-butyric acids contents with higher (p<0.01) levels of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN %TN) and had appreciable decreased of nutrient in silages. FJLB treatment improved silage nutritive value with little contents of VBN %TN, ethanol and very small amount of dry matter (DM) and hemicellulose losses (p<0.05) between 2 to 5% and 7 to 3% respectively, in Elephant grass and Italian ryegrass species. The results in this study indicates that while among the factors affecting silage fermentation butyric type of fermentation was more pronounced in tropical elephant grass compared to the temperate Italian ryegrass, FJLB additive revealed a better silage fermentation products in both species.
Obi, T.,Matsumoto, M.,Miyazaki, K.,Kitsutaka, K.,Tamaki, M.,Takase, K.,Miyamoto, A.,Oka, T.,Kawamoto, Y.,Nakada, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.9
Comparisons of properties between skeletal ryanodine receptor 1 (sRyR1)-heterozygous-mutated and normal types of meat were carried out in pigs using PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat found during the butchering process. All samples considered to be PSE meat showed irregular running and disorder of the muscle fibers and a wider inter-fiber space upon light microscopic observation. Electron microscopy revealed disintegration, twisting, and disorder of the myofibril arrangement and elimination of the Z line in PSE meat, compared with normal meat. Meat property tests demonstrated greater decreases in water holding capacity, moisture and sarcoplasmic protein, and higher $L^*$ values for the meat color index in PSE meat than in normal meat, but there were no differences in these factors between genetically normal and sRyR1-heterozygous PSE meat. On the other hand, higher $a^*$ and $b^*$ values were observed in sRyR1-heterozygous than in normal PSE meat, and similar alterations to the a* value were observed in terms of the amount of myoglobin and density of the 17-kDa protein band, corresponding to the molecular mass of myoglobin, on SDS-PAGE gels. These results suggest that sRyR1-heterozygous PSE pork contains much more myoglobin than genetically normal PSE meat.