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Reflections on Difficulties and Solutions of English Teaching in China
Zheng Xiangyi(쩡시앙이) 국제지역연구학회 2010 국제지역학논총 Vol.3 No.2
중국경제의 빠른 성장과 함께, 영어습득은 전망 있고 보다 나은 직업을 찾기 위한 필수적인 도구로 간주되고 있다. 그러나 영어교육과 학습의 결과는 훨씬 만족스럽지 못해 왔다. 영어를 학습하는 이들의 높은 시험점수와 낮은 의사소통 능력사이의 분명한 대조는 중국에서 영어교육이 성공적이지 못했다는 사실을 드러낸다. 학생중심과 교사중심의 교실, 실력위주 혹은 시험위주의 평가제도, 언어주입과 표현, 그리고 정확성과 유창함과 관련이 있는 중국 영어교육의 몇 가지 어려운 점들에 대해 한 대학영어교수의 관점에서 인지하고 논의할 것이다. 많은 문제점들 중에서, 그런 문제점들에 초점을 맞춤으로써, 영어교육과 학습에서 영어를 학습하는 이들의 언어의시소통능력을 이루기 위한 학생중심의 교실, 시험의 이로운 워시백(역류)효과, 언어 표현과 유창함을 향상시킴으로써 현역종사자들이 그런 복잡한 문제들을 해결하도록 몇 가지 가능성 있는 해결책들과 건설적인 의견들이 제시될 것이다.
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MicroRNA-576-3p Inhibits Proliferation in Bladder Cancer Cells by Targeting Cyclin D1
Liang, Zhen,Li, Shiqi,Xu, Xin,Xu, Xianglai,Wang, Xiao,Wu, Jian,Zhu, Yi,Hu, Zhenghui,Lin, Yiwei,Mao, Yeqing,Chen, Hong,Luo, Jindan,Liu, Ben,Zheng, Xiangyi,Xie, Liping Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2015 Molecules and cells Vol.38 No.2
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous RNAs that play important gene-regulatory roles by binding to the imperfectly complementary sequences at the 3'-UTR of mRNAs and directing their gene expression. Here, we first discovered that miR-576-3p was down-regulated in human bladder cancer cell lines compared with the non-malignant cell line. To better characterize the role of miR-576-3p in bladder cancer cells, we over-expressed or down-regulated miR-576-3p in bladder cancer cells by transfecting with chemically synthesized mimic or inhibitor. The overexpression of miR-576-3p remarkably inhibited cell proliferation via G1-phase arrest, and decreased both mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 which played a key role in G1/S phase transition. The knock-down of miR-576-3p significantly promoted the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by accelerating the progression of cell cycle and increased the expression of cyclin D1. Moreover, the dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that miR-576-3p could directly target cyclin D1 through binding its 3'-UTR. All the results demonstrated that miR-576-3p might be a novel suppressor of bladder cancer cell proliferation through targeting cyclin D1.
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MicroRNA-409-3p Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Bladder Cancer Cells via Targeting c-Met
Xin Xu,Liping Xie,Hong Chen,Yiwei Lin,Zhenghui Hu,Yeqing Mao,Jian Wu,Xianglai Xu,Yi Zhu,Shiqi Li,Xiangyi Zheng 한국분자세포생물학회 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.36 No.1
There is increasing evidence suggesting that dysregulation of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) may con-tribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that miR-409-3p is dysregulated in some malignancies, but its role in bladder cancer is still unknown. Here, we find that miR-409-3p is down-regulated in human bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. Enforced expression of miR-409-3p in bladder cancer cells significantly reduced their migration and invasion without affecting cell viability. Bioinformatics analysis identified the pro-metastatic gene c-Met as a potential miR-409-3p target. Further studies indicated that miR-409-3p suppressed the expression of c-Met by binding to its 3-untranslated region. Silencing of c-Met by small interfering RNAs phenocopied the effects of miR-409-3p overexpression, whereas restoration of c-Met in bladder cancer cells bladder cancer cells overexpressing miR-409-3p, partially reversed the suppressive effects of miR-409-3p. We further showed that MMP2 and MMP9 may be downstream effector proteins of miR-409-3p. These findings indicate that miR-409-3p could be a potential tumor suppressor in bladder cancer.
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MicroRNA-576-3p Inhibits Proliferation in Bladder Cancer Cells by Targeting Cyclin D1
Liping Xie,Zhen Liang,Shiqi Li,Xin Xu,Xianglai Xu,Xiao Wang,Jian Wu,Yi Zhu,Zhenghui Hu,Yiwei Lin,Yeqing Mao,Hong Chen,Jindan Luo,Ben Liu,Xiangyi Zheng 한국분자세포생물학회 2015 Molecules and cells Vol.38 No.2
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous RNAs that play important gene-regulatory roles by binding to the imperfectly complementary sequences at the 3 -UTR of mRNAs and directing their gene expression. Here, we first discovered that miR-576-3p was down-regulated in human bladder cancer cell lines compared with the non-malignant cell line. To better characterize the role of miR-576-3p in bladder cancer cells, we over-expressed or down-regulated miR-576-3p in bladder cancer cells by transfecting with chemically synthesized mimic or inhibitor. The overexpression of miR-576-3p remarkably inhibited cell proliferation via G1-phase arrest, and decreased both mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 which played a key role in G1/S phase transition. The knock-down of miR-576-3p significantly promoted the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by accelerating the progression of cell cycle and increased the expression of cyclin D1. Moreover, the dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that miR-576-3p could directly target cyclin D1 through binding its 3 -UTR. All the results demonstrated that miR-576-3p might be a novel suppressor of bladder cancer cell proliferation through targeting cyclin D1.
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