Brazil’s Current Economic Situation: Focusing on the Procurement Market

Rebeca Igdal Wagner Sá(Rebeca Igdal Wagner Sá ) 한국구매조달학회 2020 한국구매조달학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Nonlinear rheology of polymer melts: a new perspective on finite chain extensibility effects

Wagner Manfred H. The Korean Society of Rheology 2006 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.18 No.4

Measurements by Luap et al. (2005) of elongational viscosity and birefringence of two nearly monodisperse polystyrene melts with molar masses $M_{w}$ of $206,000g{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ (PS206k) and $465,000g{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ (PS465k) respectively are reconsidered. At higher elongational stresses, the samples showed clearly deviations from the stress optical rule (SOR). The elongational viscosity data of both melts can be modeled quantitatively by the MSF model of Wagner et al. (2005), which is based on the assumption of a strain-dependent tube diameter and the interchain pressure term of Marrucci and Ianniruberto (2004). The only nonlinear parameter of the model, the tube diameter relaxation time, scales with $M_{w}^{2}$. In order to get agreement with the birefringence data, finite chain extensibility effects are taken into account by use of the $Pad\'{e}$ approximation of the inverse Langevin function, and the interchain pressure term is modified accordingly. Due to a selfregulating limitation of chain stretch by the FENE interchain pressure term, the transient elongational viscosity shows a small dependence on finite extensibility only, while the predicted steady-state elongational viscosity is not affected by non-Gaussian effects in agreement with experimental evidence. However, deviations from the SOR are described quantitatively by the MSF model by taking into account finite chain extensibility, and within the experimental window investigated, deviations from the SOR are predicted to be strain rate, temperature, and molar mass independent for the two nearly monodisperse polystyrene melts in good agreement with experimental data.

The Incidence of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reactions to Apples Among Patients Allergic to Birch Pollen

Aneta Wagner,Hanna Zielińska-Bliźniewska,Waldemar Wagner 대한천식알레르기학회 2018 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.10 No.4

The major apple allergen Mal d 1 cross-reacts with the homologous birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and causes immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immediate- type allergic reactions. In some patients, delayed-type hypersensitivity to apples may develop within 72 hours without evidence of specific IgE or a positive skin prick test (SPT). The aim of the study was to evaluate the concomitance of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and immediate IgE-mediated reactions against high- and low-allergenic apple cultivars in patients with birch pollen allergy. Data were obtained from 45 adults with clinical symptoms of birch pollen allergy. Patients were exposed to apple pulp via atopy patch tests (APTs) and SPTs. Levels of IgE specific to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 were measured with a radioallergosorbent test. Patients allergic to birch pollen showed the highest rate of positive SPT responses to Golden Delicious apples and the lowest rate to low-allergenic cultivar Grey French Reinette. Among these patients, 9% developed delayed hypersensitivity reactions to either Golden Delicious or Grey French Reinette apples; these reactions manifested clinically as erythema with papules (class ++). Fifty percent of APT-positive patients were concomitantly SPT-negative. Here, we show for the first time the clinical relevance of T cell-driven allergic reactions to apples. APTs may reveal type IV sensitization in patients who are negative for the corresponding type I sensitization tests. Thus, utilization of the APT procedure with fresh apple appears to be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of apple allergy and may improve the accuracy of food allergy diagnoses.

Nonlinear rheology of polymer melts: a new perspective on finite chain extensibility effects

Manfred H. Wagner 한국유변학회 2006 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.18 No.4

Measurements by Luap et al. (2005) of elongational viscosity and birefringence of two nearly monodisperse polystyrene melts with molar masses MW of 206,000gmol1 (PS206k) and 465,000gmol1 (PS465k) respectively are reconsidered. At higher elongational stresses, the samples showed clearly deviations from the stress optical rule (SOR). The elongational viscosity data of both melts can be modeled quantitatively by the MSF model of Wagner et al. (2005), which is based on the assumption of a strain-dependent tube diameter and the interchain pressure term of Marrucci and Ianniruberto (2004). The only nonlinear parameter of the model, the tube diameter relaxation time, scales with MW2. In order to get agreement with the birefringence data, finite chain extensibility effects are taken into account by use of the Pad approximation of the inverse Langevin function, and the interchain pressure term is modified accordingly. Due to a self-regulating limitation of chain stretch by the FENE interchain pressure term, the transient elongational viscosity shows a small dependence on finite extensibility only, while the predicted steady-state elongational viscosity is not affected by non-Gaussian effects in agreement with experimental evidence. However, deviations from the SOR are described quantitatively by the MSF model by taking into account finite chain extensibility, and within the experimental window investigated, deviations from the SOR are predicted to be strain rate, temperature, and molar mass independent for the two nearly monodisperse polystyrene melts in good agreement with experimental data.

WHY DO CONSUMERS BUY PREMIUM PRIVATE LABELS? – SOME QUALITATIVE INSIGHTS

Olivier Reimann,Udo Wagner 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

46 2016 Global Marketing Conference at Hong Kong Proceedings: 46-47 (July 2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/GMC2016.01.04.01 WHY DO CONSUMERS BUY PREMIUM PRIVATE LABELS? – SOME QUAL-ITATIVE INSIGHTS Olivier Reimann, University of Vienna, Austria1) Udo Wagner, University of Vienna, Austria2) ABSTRACT Private labels (PL) have developed remarkably well during the last two decades. In many Western European countries they achieved market shares of around 30 percent and more. A phenomenon that recently gained momentum in academia and practice are premium PL (PPL). That are PL positioned as “better and cheaper” or “higher in price and superior in quality” compared to the leading NB. However, with regard to the perceived quality gaps consumers attributed economy and standard PLs vis-à-vis national brands (NB) in the past, it appears contradictory that PPL could become “one of the hottest trends in retail-ing”. To the best of the authors’ knowledge no study published up to now has addressed the following research question: Why do consumers prefer PPL over NB or other PL tiers. The present work tries to provide some insights into this research gap. We conducted two empirical research projects which aim at shedding some light on po-tential drivers of PPL product choice. Both projects are field studies with two leading grocery retail chains in a Central European country as research objects. In this country, the grocery retail market is characterized by a relatively high PL market share (29 percent in 2013) and a high concentration of retailer power: in 2014 the top three retailers cov-ered 85 percent of the overall market. Project I conducted focus group interviews. Partici-pants discussed about economy PL, standard PL and PPL products. Participants debated whether / under which circumstances they would choose one of these PL tiers or a NB. Research project II consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted with consumers in stores. The study revealed major determinants of PPL product choice: (1) quality and price, (2) packaging, (3) origin, and uniqueness, and (4) co-branding. We also gained some insights into the role of psychographics and demographics, brand management and communica-tion as well as on store loyalty. Disadvantageous for retailers, the reasons for PPL prod-uct choice are mainly not PPL brand related. PPL shoppers search for intrinsic or extrin-sic cues and would buy any other brand that offers a similar product. However, the find-ings for co-branding PPL showed that suggestions to apply traditional branding strategies in order to increase (premium) PL success should gain more attention from academia and retailers.

Task Design for Student Output in Asynchronous Online English Classes

Wagner, Adrian 계명대학교 사회과학연구소 2021 한국사회과학연구 Vol.40 No.3

2020년에는 코로나19 팬데믹으로 인해 모모야마 가쿠인 대학을 비롯한 많은 교육 기관들이 갑작스럽게 모든 수업을 온라인 교육 형태로 전환해야 하는 사태에 직면하였다. 이러한 상황으로 인해 모든 교육자가 수업 내용과 형태를 온라인 환경에 맞게 변경해야 했지만, 가장 어려움을 겪은 것은 의사소통교수법(CLT)을 사용하는 외국어 교사였을 것이다. CLT 환경에서 수업은 의사소통 기반의 활동을 통해 학습자가 목표어를 사용할 수 있도록 하는 것에 주안점을 두고 진행된다. Zoom과 같은 온라인 플랫폼은 교사와 학습자에게 가장 실제에 가까운 교실 환경을 제공하였지만, 불안정한 인터넷 환경, 수업 참석을 위한 적합한 장소의 부재와 같은 다양한 이유로 인해 학생들의 Zoom 수업 참여를 강제할 수 없으므로, 교수자들은 학생들이 ZOOM 수업 대신 선택할 수 있는 비실시간 수업을 제공해야만 했다. 본 연구에서는 Google Classroom 시스템을 사용하여 인풋과 아웃풋의 균형을 맞출 수 있는 과업중심학습법(TBL)의 비실시간 영어 수업을 중점으로 다룰 것이다. 이러한 수업 형태에서는 학생들이 Google Classroom에 업로드 되어있는 수업 내용에 관련된 말하기 과제(Speaking Task)를 완료하면 수업이 종료된다. 이와 관련된 학습 이론과 Speaking Task의 실질적인 예시에 대해서 논의해 보고자 한다. This paper will focus on the creation of asynchronous English language lessons that used task-based learning to create a balance of input and opportunity for output through the Google Classroom system. The experiment regarding the use of this educational method is an ongoing project and this paper will focus mainly on the teacher’s perspective regarding optimisation of online language learning. The move to the online format was necessitated by the Covid-19 pandemic, which prevented universities from holding classes on campus. In order to create opportunities for original production of language, seen by many researchers as necessary for second language acquisition, lessons culminated with students completing a Speaking Task based on lesson contents, which was recorded and uploaded to Google Classroom. The related academic theories that informed the design of these Speaking Tasks, and practical examples of the Speaking Tasks will be discussed and shared. Currently, data regarding how useful students found these Speaking Tasks is being collected and collated, to be published in a future research paper which will focus on the students’ perspective. Some key points from the data collected so far will be briefly discussed. This data indicates that students were able to adapt to this new style of language learning and found value in it. It is hoped that this paper will be useful to language teachers who are dealing with the sudden changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.

AQUACULTURE SUSTAINABILITY DEPENDS ON THE STRENGTH OF PRODUCTIVE CHAIN

Wagner C. Valenti,Patricia Moraes-Valenti 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

First 230 GHz VLBI fringes on 3C 279 using the APEX Telescope

Wagner, J.,Roy, A. L.,Krichbaum, T. P.,Alef, W.,Bansod, A.,Bertarini, A.,Gü,sten, R.,Graham, D.,Hodgson, J.,Mä,rtens, R.,Menten, K.,Muders, D.,Rottmann, H.,Tuccari, G.,Weiss, A.,Wieching, G.,W EDP Sciences 2015 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.581 No.-

Exploring the nature and synchronicity of early cluster formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud – III. Horizontal branch morphology

Wagner-Kaiser, R,Mackey, Dougal,Sarajedini, Ata,Cohen, Roger E,Geisler, Doug,Yang, Soung-Chul,Grocholski, Aaron J,Cummings, Jeffrey D Oxford University Press 2018 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.474 No.4

Constitutive equations for polymer mole and rubbers: Lessons from the $20^{th}$ century

Wagner, Manfred H. The Korean Society of Rheology 1999 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.11 No.4

Refinements of classical theories for entangled or crosslinked polymeric systems have led to incommensurable models for rubber networks and polymer melts, contrary to experimental evidence, which suggests a great deal of similarity. Uniaxial elongation and compression data of linear and branched polymer melts as well as of crosslinked rubbers were analyzed with respect to their nonlinear strain measure. This was found to be the result of two contributions: (1) affine orientation of network strands, and (2) isotropic strand extension. Network strand extension is caused by an increasing restriction of lateral movement of polymer chains due to deformation, and is modelled by a molecular stress function which in the tube concept of Doi and Edwards is the inverse of the relative tube diameter. Up to moderate strains, $f^2$ is found to be linear in the average stretch for melts as well as for rubbers, which corresponds to a constant tube volume. At large strains, rubbers show maximum extensibility, while melts show maximum molecular tension. This maximum value of the molecular stress function governs the ultimate magnitude of the strain-hardening effect of linear and long-chain branched polymer melts in extensional flows.