Annealing led conversion from polypyrrole to carbon nitride nanowires and the fabrication of highly efficient ammonia sensing device

Kumar, V.,Arora, S.,Kumar, S.,Kang, T. W.,Jeon, H. C. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Journal of materials science. Materials in electro Vol.28 No.23

Printability Assessment and Optimization of Process Parameters for 3D Printing of Rice Flour and Jaggery Paste

S Thangalakshmi,Arora Vinkel Kumar,Prithviraj V 한국농업기계학회 2022 바이오시스템공학 Vol.47 No.2

Purpose A study is conducted to investigate the effect of 3D printing process parameters, i.e., nozzle diameter(ND), layer height(LH), path width (PW), and print speed (PS) on dependant parameters—print time, weight, printing rate, and height ratio of the 3D printed food construct. Optimized formulation for best printability of rice flour, jaggery, and water, i.e., rice flour = 85.95 g, jaggery = 33.04 g, water = 114.93 g, is used in the study. Method Box-Behnken design is used where a total of 29 experiments are conducted by varying ND: 1.2 to 1.8 mm, LH: 25% to 75%, PW: 0.5–1 mm, PS: 10 to 20 mm/s and their effect on dependant parameters is determined along with mathematical modeling. Printability assessment is conducted by visual analysis and a print score is allotted. The range of parameters obtained for best print score samples is considered for optimization. Results Optimized parameters found are, i.e., nozzle diameter 1.5 mm, layer height 29%, pathwidth 0.753 and print speed 20 mm/s are used for validation. Layer height and pathwidth were found to be more significant parameters compared with the other two parameters. Dimensional accuracy is also determined between target and experimental prints in validation. Conclusion This work has optimized the 3D food printer process parameters for printing using rice flour, jaggery, and water. The combination of rice flour and jaggery for printing using ZMorph Vx thick paste extruder has been reported for the first time by the authors. Modeling and printer parameter optimization for the above said printer has also been reported for the first time. The concept of using the range of parameters from visual assessment for mathematical optimization has been possibly reported for the first time.

A Comprehensive Assessment of 3D Food Printing: Technological and Processing Aspects

Thangalakshmi S,Arora Vinkel Kumar,Prithviraj V 한국농업기계학회 2021 바이오시스템공학 Vol.46 No.3

Purpose Trends and innovations in the food industry are evolving day by day so do the technologies like 3D food printing. 3D food printing is the process of converting a 3D computer model into a physical object, from edible food materials. The printability of food construct depends upon various aspects of 3D food printing such as printer type, printable inks, and their properties, postprocessing, etc. This paper is aimed at comprehensively covering 3D food printing technologies, printable food material, and their properties which are extensively covered, printability assessment techniques, commonly used post-processing methods. Methods The 3D printer classification based on configuration and technology of printing is also covered in detail. The different printer control parameters investigated with the usual range of values and their optimized values for multi-layer printing are also elaborated. The post-processing methods for multi-layer food construct shape retention are reported. The significance of the technology, its applications in commercial and domestic segments along with their challenges, is discussed. Future technologies such as insect enriched foods, customized or personalized and fortified foods, space foods, production on demand, and digitalized recipes are an integral part of 3D food printing technology. Results This paper provides a comprehensive review of the 3D food printing technologies available as of now in terms of technologies, materials and assessment method. Conclusion This review article can be a source of reference for 3D food printing.

Breeding Prolific Garole with Malpura Sheep for In creased Reproductive Efficiency in Semi Arid Tropics of India

Sharma, R.C.,Arora, A.L.,Mishra, A.K.,Kumar, S.,Singh, V.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.6

Garole, a prolific small sized sheep breed of West Bengal, was introduced in the Mutton project of the Institute in 1997 to explore the possibility of incorporating fecundity gene(s) into monotocus Malpura sheep of Rajasthan. Results of reproduction and production traits in respect of Garole${\times}$Malpura (G${\times}$M) half-breds have been obtained. Of 35 lambing obtained so far from the ewes of Garole${\times}$Malpura, 45.71% were twin lambing, whereas, Malpura sheep produced mostly single lamb except 2.55% twin lambing on an average. Other reproduction traits in G${\times}$M ewes such as lambing rate, litter size at birth and weaning were considerably improved over Malpura ewes. Results revealed that the fecundity genes responsible for increasing ovulation rate and litter size have been incorporated in to the G${\times}$M genotype and it might prove a valuable germ plasm towards evolving a new prolific strain of sheep. Interestingly, survivability of G${\times}$M half-breds was almost at par with the local Malpura sheep in harsh climatic conditions of semi-arid tropics. The body weights at different ages of G${\times}$M half-breds were on little lower side compared to contemporary Malpura lambs. Average kilogram of lambs weaned/ewe lambed in Malpura and G${\times}$M genetic group was 11.86 and 11.07 kg respectively. In view of minimizing the differences in body weights and kg of lambs weaned/ewe lambed between the two genetic groups, G${\times}$M ewes has to be backcrossed with Malpura rams to raise the inheritance of latter up to 75% level. However, further research is needed to reach on certain conclusions regarding net returns from such crosses.

Analysis of stress block parameters for high strength concrete

Brijesh Singh,Vikas Patel,P. N. Ojha,V. V. Arora 아시아콘크리트학회 2020 Journal of Asian Concrete Federation Vol.6 No.1

In Indian Standard code IS: 456-2000 for concrete of grades higher than M55, the design parameters given may not be applicable as structural behaviour of concrete changes as strength of concrete increases. Different international standards give different stress block parameters which can be reduced to these two basic factors. In this paper, stress block parameters K (strength reduction factor) and k2 (factor for the depth of resultant compressive force) were calculated from experimental strain values considering the stress-strain curve as parabolic for lower grades and as linear for higher grades. Also, the method and approach for the calculation of stress block parameters have been worked out. The method so proposed is compared with the model proposed in European design standard EC: 02-2004 by trans-forming the European stress block parameters to the basic parameters used. Also, the effect of the shape of the stress-strain curve and value of ultimate strain in concrete on stress block parameters and moment capacity of the members was analyzed by working on the representative section. The method or approach so proposed will be useful to understand and compare flexural design philosophies used in different international standards by reducing the stress block parameters to two basic factors.

Evolution of magnetic nanophases of Ni embedded in Al₂O₃ (001) matrix by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Thakur, P.,Kumar, R.,Cezar, J.C.,Brookes, N.B.,Sharma, A.,Arora, S.K.,Gautam, S.,Kumar, A.,Chae, K.H.,Shvets, I.V. North Holland 2011 Chemical physics letters Vol.501 No.4

We report on the element-specific magnetic characterization of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (001) matrix prepared by ion-implantation (Ni:5x10<SUP>16</SUP>-2x10<SUP>17</SUP>ionscm<SUP>-2</SUP>) technique. The X-ray diffraction studies reveal the coexistence of fcc Ni NPs of average size ~8-19nm along with the other NiO<SUB>x</SUB> phases. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) experiments demonstrate the competing nature of magnetic interactions between the Ni NPs and NiO<SUB>x</SUB> phases. The ferromagnetism at 10K (for all the Ni implants) is related to the combined contribution of both phases, while the room temperature superparamagnetism at higher fluence is dominated by Ni NPs phase as confirmed by Ni L<SUB>3,2</SUB> XMCD measurements.

A Study on Effect of Carrying FecB Gene on Body Weight in Garole and Garole×Malpura Sheep

Kolte, A.P.,Mishra, A.K.,Kumar, S.,Arora, A.L.,Singh, V.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.10

High prolificacy in Garole sheep is due to existence of FecB mutation in an autosomal gene, bone morphogenetic protein receptor. The mutation enhances ovulation rate and in turn litter size in Garole sheep. Garole sires were crossed with non-prolific Malpura ewes with the aim to introduce prolificacy into Garole${\times}$Malpura (G${\times}$M) crosses through FecB introgression programme. In the present study, the effect of carrying booroola allele on litter size and live body weight was analyzed. The average litter size at birth was found to be 1.87 and 1.48 in the Garole and the G${\times}$M crosses, respectively. At weaning, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month of age, body weights were not affected by the presence of booroola allele (p>0.05); however, a significant effect (p<0.05) was found on body weight at birth in G${\times}$M crosses. In Garole sheep, no significant effect of FecB was observed on live weights in any age group. The interaction between the genetic group and the FecB genotype was also found to be non-significant.

Optimization and evaluation of ultra high-performance concrete

P. N. Ojha,P. N. Ojha,Abhishek Singh,Brijesh Singh,V. V. Arora 아시아콘크리트학회 2020 Journal of Asian Concrete Federation Vol.6 No.1

Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) has been defined as a cementitious based compo-site material with compressive strength above 150 MPa and enhanced durability via its discontinuous pore structure. The microstructure of UHPC is denser and more homogeneous in comparison to conventional concrete. UHPC has several advantages over conventional concrete but the use of it is limited due to the high cost and limited design codes. Methodology for production and development of UHPC needs to be established. The paper covers both optimization and evaluation of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete along with highlighting the importance of packing density, mixing procedure and curing regimes containing a high volume of mineral admixture and ultrafine materials. Cementitious content of all the mixes in the study was kept in the range of 1000 kg/m3 and water to binder ratio was kept as 0.17. This study focuses on the methodology to be adopted for optimizing the packing density of UHPC, the challenges associated with it and their influence on compressive strength.

Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials

Coleman, J. N.,Lotya, M.,O'Neill, A.,Bergin, S. D.,King, P. J.,Khan, U.,Young, K.,Gaucher, A.,De, S.,Smith, R. J.,Shvets, I. V.,Arora, S. K.,Stanton, G.,Kim, H.-Y.,Lee, K.,Kim, G. T.,Duesberg, G. S.,H American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2011 Science Vol.331 No.6017

<P>If they could be easily exfoliated, layered materials would become a diverse source of two-dimensional crystals whose properties would be useful in applications ranging from electronics to energy storage. We show that layered compounds such as MoS(2), WS(2), MoSe(2), MoTe(2), TaSe(2), NbSe(2), NiTe(2), BN, and Bi(2)Te(3) can be efficiently dispersed in common solvents and can be deposited as individual flakes or formed into films. Electron microscopy strongly suggests that the material is exfoliated into individual layers. By blending this material with suspensions of other nanomaterials or polymer solutions, we can prepare hybrid dispersions or composites, which can be cast into films. We show that WS(2) and MoS(2) effectively reinforce polymers, whereas WS(2)/carbon nanotube hybrid films have high conductivity, leading to promising thermoelectric properties.</P>

Bi-substitution-induced magnetic moment distribution in spinel Bi_<i>x</i>Co_2−<i>x</i>MnO₄ multiferroic

Rajeevan, N E,Kumar, Ravi,Shukla, D K,Thakur, P,Brookes, N B,Chae, K H,Choi, W K,Gautam, S,Arora, S K,Shvets, I V,Pradyumnan, P P IOP Pub 2009 Journal of physics, an Institute of Physics journa Vol.21 No.40

<P>We report the near-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) at the Co/Mn L-3,L-2 edge and oxygen K edge of the well-characterized Bi-substituted Co2MnO4 multiferroic samples. The evolution of peak features in NEXAFS spectra of the Co/Mn L-3,L-2 edge and O K edge show the Bi-induced redistribution of magnetic cations (Co/Mn). The variation in valence states of Co and Mn in all the substituted compositions is consistent with the observed ferrimagnetic behaviour of the samples. Magnetization data show the decrease in molecular field complementing the ferrimagnetism. The role of Bi in the enhancement of magnetic interactions as well as the appearance of ferroelectricity in BixCo2-xMnO4 (0 <= x <= 0.3) is discussed.</P>