Suppressed ubiquitination of Nrf2 by p47^phox contributes to Nrf2 activation

Ha Kim, Kyun,Sadikot, Ruxana T.,Yeon Lee, Ji,Jeong, Han-Sol,Oh, Yu-Kyoung,Blackwell, Timothy S.,Joo, Myungsoo Elsevier 2017 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol.113 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although critical in phagocytosis in innate immunity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) collaterally inflict damage to host phagocytes because they indiscriminate targets. Since Nrf2 increases the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes that nullifies ROS, ROS activating Nrf2 is a critical negative regulatory step for countering the deleterious effects of ROS. Here, we postulate whether, along with ROS activating Nrf2, NADPH oxidase components also participate in direct activation of Nrf2, contributing to protection from ROS. Our results show that the p47<SUP>phox</SUP> of the NADPH oxidase, but not p65<SUP>phox</SUP> or p40<SUP>phox</SUP>, physically binds to Nrf2, activating the Nrf2 function. p47<SUP>phox</SUP> binding to Nrf2/Keap1 complex suppresses the ubiquitination of Nrf2, while p47<SUP>phox</SUP> becomes ubiquitinated by Keap1. p47<SUP>phox</SUP> increases the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes, whereas genetic ablation of p47<SUP>phox</SUP> decreases the expression of those genes. In a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung inflammation mouse model, selective expression of p47<SUP>phox</SUP> in mouse lungs induces the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes and is sufficient to suppress neutrophilic lung inflammation. Therefore, our findings suggest that p47<SUP>phox</SUP> is a novel regulator of Nrf2 function.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> p47<SUP>phox</SUP> of NADPH oxidase binds to Nrf2, without disrupting Nrf2/Keap1 complex. </LI> <LI> p47<SUP>phox</SUP> binding to Nrf2 results in the ubiquitination of p47<SUP>phox</SUP> by Keap1. </LI> <LI> p47<SUP>phox</SUP> suppresses the ubiquitination of Nrf2. </LI> <LI> p47<SUP>phox</SUP> induces the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes in cells and mouse lungs. </LI> <LI> p47<SUP>phox</SUP> suppresses inflammation in a LPS-induced lung inflammation mouse model. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY OBJECTIVES IN NORTH KOREA : LATITUDE AND LIMITATIONS

Joseph M. Ha,Timothy C. Lim 한국학술연구원 1982 Korea Observer Vol.13 No.4

Infinite Output Resistance of Corbino Thin-Film Transistors With an Amorphous-InGaZnO Active Layer for Large-Area AMOLED Displays

Mativenga, Mallory,Su Hwa Ha,Di Geng,Dong Han Kang,Mruthyunjaya, Ravi K.,Heiler, Gregory N.,Tredwell, Timothy J.,Jin Jang IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.61 No.9

<P>We report a low-voltage-driven amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) semiconductor-based Corbino (circular) thin-film transistor (TFT) with infinite output resistance beyond pinchoff. The Corbino TFT has inner and outer concentric ring electrodes, and when the latter is the drain, channel width (W) decreases with channel length (L), such that the W/L ratio is not changed after pinchoff. As demonstrated herein, this a-IGZO Corbino TFT is, therefore, a good candidate for uniform current drivers in applications, such as active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display pixels, where it would maintain the same drive (diode) currents, even with variations in supply voltage (V<SUB>DD</SUB>).</P>

Vision-Based 3D Reconstruction Using a Compound Eye Camera

Wooseok Oh,Hwiyeon Yoo,Timothy Ha,Songhwai Oh 제어로봇시스템학회 2021 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

The vision-based 3D reconstruction methods have various advantages and can be used in various applications such as navigation. Although various vision-based methods are being studied, it is difficult to reconstruct many parts at once with a general camera because of a small FOV. To solve this problem, we propose a coarse but lightweight reconstruction method using a camera with a unique structure called a compound eye with various advantages such as large FOV. In the process, we devise a network that performs depth estimation on a compound eye structure to obtain a depth image containing 3D information from an RGB image. We tested our methods by collecting data using a compound eye camera implemented in a Gazebo simulation and simulation scenes we created. As a result, our 3D reconstruction method using the data we collected and the confidence score from our depth estimation result, can capture the environment with a high recall of 97.51%.

EISCAT Observation of Wave-Like Fluctuations in Vertical Velocity of Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes Associated With a Geomagnetic Disturbance

Lee, Young-Sook,Kim, Yong Ha,Kim, Kyung-Chan,Kwak, Young-Sil,Sergienko, Timothy,Kirkwood, Sheila,Johnsen, Magnar G. American Geophysical Union 2018 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS Vol.123 No.6

<P>By analyzing a data set from the European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) Very High Frequency (VHF) radar at Tromso, we find that both radar reflectivity and upward ion velocity in a polar mesospheric summer echo (PMSE) layer simultaneously increased at the commencement of a local geomagnetic disturbance, which occurred at midnight on 9 July 2013. The onset of the upward velocity was followed by periodic repetition of similar to 5 min during the initial 30-min stage, and then at later stage the vertical velocity oscillated with similar to 7-and similar to 20-min periodicities at 85-to 90-km altitudes. The similar to 5-min periodicity is close to the buoyancy period, and the similar to 7-and similar to 20min periodicities are consistent with gravity waves, thus suggesting that gravity waves can be generated by the effects of the geomagnetic disturbance. On the other hand, the variation of PMSE intensity (85-90 km) was in phase with fluctuations of electron densities (90-110 km) with similar to 12-and similar to 13-min periodicities at the initial and later stages, respectively. The initial creation of PMSE can be attributed to both the sudden onset of particle precipitation and ice particles produced by adiabatic cooling during the rapid updraft, as detected by large upward velocity. Our periodogram analysis suggests that variations of PMSE intensity seem to follow the same periods with E region electron density, which is moduled by energetic electron precipitation, while vertical velocity oscillates at atmospheric gravity wave periods.</P>

Factors Influencing the Use of Control Measures to Reduce Occupational Exposure to Welding Fume in Australia: A Qualitative Study

Carey Renee N.,Fritschi Lin,Nguyen Ha,Abdallah Kamil,Driscoll Timothy R. 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2023 Safety and health at work Vol.14 No.4

Background: Exposure to welding fume is associated with adverse effects on worker health. The use of various control measures can reduce levels of exposure and the resulting health effects. However, little is known about the factors that may influence workers' use of control measures in the workplace and their perceived intervention needs. This study aimed to investigate workers' and other stakeholders' views on ways to improve the use of welding fume control measures in Australian workplaces. Methods: We conducted a series of online focus group discussions and individual interviews with participants who have some occupational involvement in welding, whether as workers, employers or industry representatives, union representatives, or regulators. A semi-structured question guide was used, and all discussions and interviews were recorded and transcribed for analysis. Results: Five focus group discussions and five individual interviews were conducted with a total of 21 participants. Three major themes emerged. The first addressed the current awareness of welding fume harms and concern about exposure; the second focussed on the current use of control measures, and barriers and facilitators to their use; and the last centred around intervention needs and the contents of a potential effective intervention. Conclusion: Improving the use of control measures to prevent exposure to welding fume requires knowledge around the barriers and facilitators of control, use, and the intervention needs of stakeholders. This study has provided such knowledge, which will facilitate the design and implementation of an intervention to reduce welding fume exposure and ultimately protect the health of workers.

Combining a distributed flow manifold and 3D woven metallic lattices to enhance fluidic and thermal properties for heat transfer applications

Zhao, Longyu,Ryan, Stephen M.,Lin, Sen,Xue, Ju,Ha, Seunghyun,Igusa, Takeru,Sharp, Keith W.,Guest, James K.,Hemker, Kevin J.,Weihs, Timothy P. Elsevier 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER - Vol.108 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The fluidic and heat transfer capabilities of 3D woven lattice materials were reported recently under axial and bifurcated flow patterns, but three critical performance indices – pressure drop, average surface temperature and temperature uniformity – could not be optimized simultaneously using these flow patterns. Here we combine the 3D weaves with manifolds to create a novel 3D flow pattern that enhances temperature uniformity, while also maintaining low pressure drops and surface temperatures. These three properties were characterized at room temperature for a range of flow rates using water as the working fluid. Three different weaves thicknesses were investigated: 12.7mm, 6.4mm, and 3.2mm, with manifold thicknesses of 12.7mm, 19.0mm, and 22.2mm, respectively, to provide a constant, combined weave-manifold thickness of 25.4mm. The properties of this new weave/manifold system are compared to those obtained using just the manifold (with no weave) and just the weave (with no manifold). Comparisons show that the addition of the weave lowers the average substrate temperature and temperature variations significantly, although pressure drop is increased. They also show that the addition of the manifold improves temperature uniformity significantly, and also lowers the average substrate temperature and the pressure drop. No specific ratio of weave to manifold thickness was found to be superior in all of the performance indices. The thermal performances are then evaluated at different pumping powers: the weave/manifold system and its distributed array flow pattern prevail. Finite element simulations were performed on a reduced and simplified model to explain the observed experimental trends, and manifold opening patterns were manipulated to demonstrate further potential property enhancements. The multiple benefits of this manifold system can be extended to common heat exchanger media beyond weaves.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Propose and design novel flow manifold that is combined with 3D woven lattices. </LI> <LI> Characterization of pressure drop, average temperature and temperature uniformity. </LI> <LI> Much superior thermal performance with 3D woven lattices than open spaces. </LI> <LI> Comparison of the new distributive flow pattern with axial and bifurcated flow cases. </LI> <LI> Trends between experiments and simulations are in good agreement. </LI> </UL> </P>

Overview of experiment design and comparison of models participating in phase 1 of the SPARC Quasi-Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi)

Butchart, Neal,Anstey, James A.,Hamilton, Kevin,Osprey, Scott,McLandress, Charles,Bushell, Andrew C.,Kawatani, Yoshio,Kim, Young-Ha,Lott, Francois,Scinocca, John,Stockdale, Timothy N.,Andrews, Martin Copernicus GmbH 2018 Geoscientific model development Vol.11 No.3

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Quasi-Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) aims to improve the fidelity of tropical stratospheric variability in general circulation and Earth system models by conducting coordinated numerical experiments and analysis. In the equatorial stratosphere, the QBO is the most conspicuous mode of variability. Five coordinated experiments have therefore been designed to (i) evaluate and compare the verisimilitude of modelled QBOs under present-day conditions, (ii) identify robustness (or alternatively the spread and uncertainty) in the simulated QBO response to commonly imposed changes in model climate forcings (e.g. a doubling of CO₂ amounts), and (iii) examine model dependence of QBO predictability. This paper documents these experiments and the recommended output diagnostics. The rationale behind the experimental design and choice of diagnostics is presented. To facilitate scientific interpretation of the results in other planned QBOi studies, consistent descriptions of the models performing each experiment set are given, with those aspects particularly relevant for simulating the QBO tabulated for easy comparison.</p> </P>