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Lee, Jin-Hyung,Kim, Yong-Guy,Lee, Kayeon,Kim, Chang-Jin,Park, Dong-Jin,Ju, Yoonjung,Lee, Jae-Chan,Wood, Thomas K.,Lee, Jintae Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 BIOFOULING -CHUR- Vol.32 No.1
<P>Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile human pathogen that produces diverse virulence factors, and its biofilm cells are difficult to eradicate due to their inherent ability to tolerate antibiotics. The anti-biofilm activities of the spent media of 252 diverse endophytic microorganisms were investigated using three S. aureus strains. An attempt was made to identify anti-biofilm compounds in active spent media and to assess their anti-hemolytic activities and hydrophobicities in order to investigate action mechanisms. Unlike other antibiotics, actinomycin D (0.5 mu g ml(-1)) from Streptomyces parvulus significantly inhibited biofilm formation by all three S. aureus strains. Actinomycin D inhibited slime production in S. aureus and it inhibited hemolysis by S. aureus and caused S. aureus cells to become less hydrophobic, thus supporting its anti-biofilm effect. In addition, surface coatings containing actinomycin D prevented S. aureus biofilm formation on glass surfaces. Given these results, FDA-approved actinomycin D warrants further attention as a potential antivirulence agent against S. aureus infections.</P>
Modern computer simulation for the design of concrete catenary shell structures
Lee, Joo Hong,Lee, Hyerin,Kang, Thomas H.K. TECHNO-PRESS 2018 COMPUTERS AND CONCRETE Vol.21 No.6
The purpose of this study was to model and design a concrete catenary shell using a modern computer program without performing experiments. The modeling idea stems from the study by Pendergrast, but he listed supplementary items that should be improved in his paper. This study aims to resolve those issues and overcome the drawbacks of the study by Pendergrast. The process of experiment for the design of a catenary shell was reproduced by Grasshopper script. In order to ensure credibility, two models designed from the Grasshopper script were analyzed using a finite element program, SAP2000; one is a square-based catenary shell and the other is a special catenary shell called as the Naturtheater <TEX>$Gr{\ddot{o}}tzingen$</TEX> shell, which was completed in 1977. First, the developed modeling approach was proved to be reasonable from the analysis of the square-based shell. The reliability was further confirmed by a comparison between the current and previous analysis results for the Naturtheater <TEX>$Gr{\ddot{o}}tzingen$</TEX> shell.
Thomas, S.,Bates, A.,Park, S.,Sahu, A.K.,Lee, S.C.,Son, B.R.,Kim, J.G.,Lee, D.H. Applied Science Publishers 2016 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.165 No.-
<P>A minimum balance of plant (BOP) is desired for an open-cathode high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HTPEM) fuel cell to ensure low parasitic losses and a compact design. The advantage of an open-cathode system is the elimination of the coolant plate and incorporation of a blower for oxidant and coolant supply, which reduces the overall size of the stack, power losses, and results in a lower system volume. In the present study, we present unique designs for an open-cathode system which offers uniform temperature distribution with a minimum temperature gradient and a uniform flow distribution through each cell. Design studies were carried out to increase power density. An experimental and simulation approach was carried out to design the novel open-cathode system. Two unique parallel serpentine flow designs were developed to yield a low pressure drop and uniform flow distribution, one without pins and another with pins. A five-cell stack was fabricated in the lab based on the new design. Performance and flow distribution studies revealed better performance, uniform flow distribution, and a reduced temperature gradient across the stack; improving overall system efficiency. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Formal Models and Algorithms for XML Data Interoperability
Lee, Thomas Y.,Cheung, David W. Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2010 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.4 No.4
In this paper, we study the data interoperability problem of web services in terms of XML schema compatibility. When Web Service A sends XML messages to Web Service B, A is interoperable with B if B can accept all messages from A. That is, the XML schema R for B to receive XML instances must be compatible with the XML schema S for A to send XML instances, Le., A is a subschema of B. We propose a formal model called Schema Automaton (SA) to model W3C XML Schema (XSD) and develop several algorithms to perform different XML schema computations. The computations include schema minimization, schema equivalence testing, subschema testing, and subschema extraction. We have conducted experiments on an e-commerce standard XSD called xCBL to demonstrate the practicality of our algorithms. One experiment has refuted the claim that the xCBL 3.5 XSD is backward compatible with the xCBL 3.0 XSD. Another experiment has shown that the xCBL XSDs can be effectively trimmed into small subschemas for specific applications, which has significantly reduced the schema processing time.
Lee, Yongjae,Lee, Yongmoon,Seoung, Donghoon,Im, Jun‐,Hyuk,Hwang, Hee‐,Jung,Kim, Tae‐,Hyun,Liu, Dan,Liu, Zhenxian,Lee, Seung Yeop,Kao, Chi‐,Chang,Vogt, Thomas WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Angewandte Chemie Vol.124 No.20
<P><B>Hochdruck‐Ionenaustausch</B> an dem kleinporigen Zeolith K‐Natrolit ermöglicht die Immobilisierung von nominell nicht austauschbaren aliovalenten Kationen wie dreiwertigem Europium. Eine Probe, an der bei 3.0(1) GPa und 250 °C ein Ionenaustausch vorgenommen wurde, enthält ungefähr 4.7 Eu<SUP>III</SUP>‐Ionen pro Elementarzelle, was einem Austausch von über 90 % der K<SUP>+</SUP>‐Ionen entspricht (siehe Bild).</P>
Thomas, Karen C,Ethirajan, Manivannan,Shahrokh, Kiumars,Sun, Hao,Lee, Jeewoo,Cheatham, Thomas E,Yost, Garold S,Reilly, Christopher A Williams Wilkins 2011 The Journal of pharmacology and experimental thera Vol.337 No.2
<P>Activation of intracellular transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) in human lung cells causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, increased expression of proapoptotic GADD153 (growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible transcript 3), and cytotoxicity. However, in cells with low TRPV1 expression, cell death is not inhibited by TRPV1 antagonists, despite preventing GADD153 induction. In this study, chemical variants of the capsaicin analog nonivamide were synthesized and used to probe the relationship between TRPV1 receptor binding, ER calcium release, GADD153 expression, and cell death in TRPV1-overexpressing BEAS-2B, normal BEAS-2B, and primary normal human bronchial epithelial lung cells. Modification of the 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylamide vanilloid ring pharmacophore of nonivamide reduced the potency of the analogs and rendered several analogs mildly inhibitory. Correlation analysis of analog-induced calcium flux, GADD153 induction, and cytotoxicity revealed a direct relationship for all three endpoints in all three lung cell types for nonivamide and N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)nonanamide. However, the N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)nonanamide analog also produced cytotoxicity through redox cycling/reactive oxygen species formation, shown by inhibition of cell death by N-acetylcysteine. Molecular modeling of binding interactions between the analogs and TRPV1 agreed with data for reduced potency of the analogs, and only nonivamide was predicted to form a 'productive' ligand-receptor complex. This study provides vital information on the molecular interactions of capsaicinoids with TRPV1 and substantiates TRPV1-mediated ER stress as a conserved mechanism of lung cell death by prototypical TRPV1 agonists.</P>
Lee, Ji Yong,Lee, Jieun,Jang, Yu Jin,Lee, Juyon,Jang, Yoon Hee,Kochuveedu, Saji Thomas,Lee, Sang Soo,Kim, Dong Ha Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 SOFT MATTER Vol.7 No.1
<P>We present a facile strategy for the generation of plasmonic nano-necklace arrays by introducing metallic precursors into strings of reconstructed inverse micelle nanotemplates which are induced by applying sequential selective solvent treatment and solvent vapour annealing for quasi-hexagonal arrays of poly(styrene-<I>block</I>-2-vinyl pyridine) inverse micelles.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A generalized protocol to fabricate plasmonic nano-necklace arrays with controlled composition was suggested <I>via</I> reconstruction of inverse micelle nanotemplates. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0sm00972e'> </P>
Lee, Wonmok,Yoon, Jongseung,Thomas, Edwin L.,Lee, Hyunjung American Chemical Society 2013 Macromolecules Vol.46 No.16
<P>A high molecular weight, lamellar block copolymer (BCP) can exhibit a photonic stop band in the visible range of wavelengths due to the one-dimensional periodic dielectric layer structure. After dissolving a high molecular weight BCP in a neutral solvent, solvent evaporation causes microphase separation, forming a so-called “photonic gel” at a quite low polymer concentration (∼10 wt %). Moreover, by allowing the solvent to further evaporate, the reflected color can be tuned over the entire range of the visible spectrum. Here, a polystyrene–polyisoprene diblock (PS-<I>b</I>-PI) is dissolved in cumene, and the solution was placed between two glass substrates. The radial concentration gradient during slow evaporation of the cumene generates a “rainbow-like” set of reflected colors from the photonic gel. Based on local measurement of the reflectivity along the radial direction of the photonic gel, the radial solvent composition was calculated and the experimentally observed reflectivity was compared to results simulated using the transfer matrix method. Balsara’s scaling law for the lamellar period versus polymer concentration was adapted for the simulation of the concentration profile, which showed a reasonable agreement with a previous theoretical calculation. Compared to the simulated spectra, experimentally obtained reflectance spectra exhibited weaker peak reflectivity and additional peak broadening due to lamellar misorientation and decrease of the average grain size during solvent evaporation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2013/mamobx.2013.46.issue-16/ma302557v/production/images/medium/ma-2012-02557v_0007.gif'></P>