Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts antiinflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Hong-Lin Xu,Guang-Hong Chen,Yu-Ting Wu,Ling-Peng Xie,Zhang-Bin Tan,Bin Liu,Hui-Jie Fan,Hong-Mei Chen,Gui-Qiong Huang,Min Liu,Ying-Chun Zhou 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng), a herb distributed in Korea, China and Japan, exerts benefits on diverse inflammatory conditions. However, the underlying mechanism and active ingredients remains largely unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the active ingredients of P. ginseng against inflammation and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods: Inflammation model was constructed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C57BL/6 mice and RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and immunofluorescence were utilized to predict active component. Results: P. ginseng significantly inhibited LPS-induced lung injury and the expression of proinflammatory factors, including TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-1b. Additionally, P. ginseng blocked fluorescence-labeled LPS (LPS488) binding to the membranes of RAW264.7 macrophages, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, molecular docking demonstrated that ginsenoside Ro (GRo) docked into the LPS binding site of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the MD2-GRo binding conformation was stable. SPRi demonstrated an excellent interaction between TLR4/MD2 complex and GRo (KD value of 1.16 × 10<SUP>-9</SUP> M). GRo significantly inhibited LPS488 binding to cell membranes. Further studies showed that GRo markedly suppressed LPS-triggered lung injury, the transcription and secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, the phosphorylation of NF-kB and MAPKs as well as the p65 subunit nuclear translocation were inhibited by GRo dose-dependently. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GRo exerts anti-inflammation actions by direct inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway.

Corrigendum to "Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts anti-inflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway" [J Ginseng Res 46 (2022) 156-166]

Xu, Hong-Lin,Chen, Guang-Hong,Wu, Yu-Ting,Xie, Ling-Peng,Tan, Zhang-Bin,Liu, Bin,Fan, Hui-Jie,Chen, Hong-Mei,Huang, Gui-Qiong,Liu, Min,Zhou, Ying-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.2

Stratifying Patients with Haematuria into High or Low Risk Groups for Bladder Cancer: a Novel Clinical Scoring System

Tan, Guan Hee,Shah, Shamsul Azhar,Ann, Ho Sue,Hemdan, Siti Nurhafizah,Shen, Lim Chun,Abdul Galib, Nurudin Al-Fahmi,Singam, Praveen,Kong, Ho Chee Christopher,Hong, Goh Eng,Bahadzor, Badrulhisham,Zainud Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Haematuria is a common presentation of bladder cancer and requires a full urologic evaluation. This study aimed to develop a scoring system capable of stratifying patients with haematuria into high or low risk groups for having bladder cancer to help clinicians decide which patients need more urgent assessment. This cross-sectional study included all adult patients referred for haematuria and subsequently undergoing full urological evaluation in the years 2001 to 2011. Risk factors with strong association with bladder cancer in the study population were used to design the scoring system. Accuracy was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 325 patients with haematuria were included, out of which 70 (21.5%) were diagnosed to have bladder cancer. Significant risk factors associated with bladder cancer were male gender, a history of cigarette smoking and the presence of gross haematuria. A scoring system using 4 clinical parameters as variables was created. The scores ranged between 6 to 14, and a score of 10 and above indicated high risk for having bladder cancer. It was found to have good accuracy with an area under the ROC curve of 80.4%, while the sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% and 55.7%, respectively. The scoring system designed in this study has the potential to help clinicians stratify patients who present with haematuria into high or low r isk for having bladder cancer. This will enable high-risk patients to undergo urologic assessment earlier.

Combined Effects of Six Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and SNP-SNP Interactions on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Southern Guangxi, China

Bei, Chun-Hua,Bai, Hua,Yu, Hong-Ping,Yang, Yan,Liang, Qing-Qing,Deng, Ying-Ying,Tan, Sheng-Kui,Qiu, Xiao-Qiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.16

Cytokine gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are involved in the genesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesized that combined effects of cytokine gene SNPs and SNP-SNP interactions are associated with HCC risk. Six SNPs in cytokine genes (IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-10) were genotyped in a study of 720 Chinese HCC cases and 784 cancer-free controls. Although none of these SNPs individually had a significant effect on the risk of HCC, we found that the combined effects of these six SNPs may contribute to HCC risk (OR=1.821, 95% CI=1.078-3.075). This risk was pronounced among smokers, drinkers, and hepatitis B virus carriers. A SNP-SNP interaction between IL-2-330 and IFN-${\gamma}$-1615 was associated with an increased HCC risk (OR=1.078, 95% CI=1.022-1.136). In conclusion, combined effects of SNPs and SNP-SNP interactions in cytokine genes may contribute to HCC risk.

Synergy study on charge transport dynamics in hybrid organic solar cell: Photocurrent mapping and performance analysis under local spectrum

Kai Jeat Hong,Sin Tee Tan,Kok-Keong Chong,리 호 뱅,Riski Titian Ginting,Fang Sheng Lim,Chi Chin Yap,Chun Hui Tan,Wei Sea Chang,Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj Jumali 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.12

Charge transport dynamics in ZnO based inverted organic solar cell (IOSC) has been characterized with transient photocurrent spectroscopy and localised photocurrent mapping-atomic force microscopy. The value of maximum exciton generation rate was found to vary from 2.6×1027m−3s−1 (Jsat=79.7 Am−2) to 2.9×1027m−3s−1 (Jsat=90.8 Am−2) for devices with power conversion efficiency ranging from 2.03 to 2.51%. These results suggest that nanorods served as an excellent electron transporting layer that provides efficient charge transport and enhances IOSC device performance. The photovoltaic performance of OSCs with various growth times of ZnO nanorods have been analysed for a comparison between AM1.5G spectrum and local solar spectrum. The simulated PCE of all devices operating under local spectrum exhibited extensive improvement with the gain of 13.3–13.7% in which the ZnO nanorods grown at 15 min possess the highest PCE under local solar with the value of 2.82%.

선행제왕절개임부의 반복수술시 근막상 종절개방법의 효과

임채춘(Chae Chun Rhim),김용옥(Yong Ok Kim),박기영(Ki Young PARK),상미란(Mi Tan Sang),유순원(Soon Won Ryu),김진홍(Jin Hong Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.9

목적 : 본 연구는 반복제왕절개술시 복부 반월형 횡절개후 새로운 술기인 근막상 종절개술(Vertical incision on fascia) 을 비교하여 수술부위의 동통강도와 감각회복기간 및 재원기간에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 1997년 1월 1일부터 동년 8월 31일 까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학부속 성모병원에서 반복제왕절개술을 받은 산모들중 최초의 수술반흔이 복부 반월형 횡절개술(Pfannenstiel skin incision)로 시행받은 200명을 대상으로, 근막상 종절개술과 근막상 횡절개술로 수술한 산모를 각각 100명씩 선정한 후 이를 비교군과 대조군으로 나눈 뒤 설문조사를 시행하였다. 설문은 전화문의 및 입원기록을 병행하였다. 결과 : 수술 후 1병일 동통의 강도는 근막상 종절개술이 근막하 횡절개술보다 낮게 나타났다. (p<0.032) 제왕절개술후 수술부위 감각의 회복기간은 1개월이내 및 3개월이내에서 근막상 종절개술이 근막상 횡절개술보다 더 빨리 회복되는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.0001), 수술후 평균 재원일수는 근막상 종절개술의 경우가 근막상 횡절개술보다 짧은 것으로 나타났다. (p<0.05) 결론 : 반복 제왕절개수술시 제12번 흉곽신경의 외측 피부가지신경, 음부대퇴신경 및 장골서혜신 경의 손상을 최소화함으로써, 수술후 동통의 감소 ,수술부위 감각회복기간의 단축 및 평균 재원기간의 단축에 근막상 종절개술(Vertical incision on fascia)이 근막상 횡절개술(Transverse incision on fascia) 보다 유의하게 우수한 것으로 나타난 바, 미용적효과와 수술후 산모의 만족도를 증진시킬 수 있는 근막상 종절개술기의 도입을 고려해볼 필요가 있다고 생각된다. Objective : Our purpose was to minimize the nerve and muscle injury during operation and to compare the strength of pain and sensory recovery intervals between vertical and transverse incision on fascia after Pfannenstiel skin incision in repeated cesarean section. Method : Two hundred women delivered by cesarean section from January 1st,1997. to August 31st, 1997. at St. Mary's Hospital were selected. They were divided into two groups. Each group was composed of one hundred women, respectively. One was vertical incision on fascia and the other was transverse incision on fascia. All of their initial skin scars were caused by Pfannenstiel approach and the cases of infraumbilical midline skin incision were excluded.Results : The strength of pain at postoperative first day (POD#1) was significantly diminished in vertical incision on fascia than in transverse incision on fascia(p<0.032). The sensory recovery intervals and mean hospitalization periods were significantly shortened in vertical incision than transverse incision on fascia(p<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively). Conclusion : The vertical incision on fascia after Pfannenstiel skin incision was significantly beneficial to repeated cesarean section delivery by diminishing the strength of pain, minimizing abdominal muscle injury, shortening the sensory recovery intervals and mean hospitalization periods. So it is the time that the introduction of new method-vertical incision on fascia after Pfannenstiel skin incision - that not only provides cosmetic effects but also improves the satisfaction of patients after operation will be taken into consideration.

Studies on the storage stability of fermented red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) drink

Kah Yee Choo,Caryn Kho,Renee Lay Hong Lim,Chun Wai Ho,Yien Yien Ong,Yin Yin Thoo,Chin Ping Tan 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.5

The objective of this work was to study the effect of storage temperatures and duration on the stability of fermented red dragon fruit drink (FRDFD) on its betacyanins content, physicochemical and microbiological qualities (BPM) and determining sensory acceptability. Results showed that both storage temperatures and duration have a significant effect on betacyanins content and physicochemical properties of FRDFD. Aerobic mesophilic and yeast and mold counts were lower than 1 9 103 CFU/ mL for FRDFD stored at both temperatures. The loss of betanin (16.53–13.93 g/L) at 4 C was 15.73% with no significant changes in physicochemical properties from week two onwards compared to 56.32% (16.53–7.22 g/L) of betanin loss at 25 C. At week eight, FRDFD stored at 4 C still contained 13.93 g/L betanin with a pH value of 3.46, suggested its potential as a functional drink which is sensory acceptable (mean score[80% using hedonic test) among consumers.

Safety Assessment of Ovarian Cryopreservation and Transplantation in Nude Mice Bearing Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Zhu, Gen-Hai,Wang, Sheng-Tan,Yang, Zhao-Xin,Cai, Jun-Hong,Chen, Chun-Ying,Yao, Mao-Zhong,Hong, Lan,He, Guo-Li,Yang, Shu-Ying Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Objective: Nude mice with orthotopic transplantation of human ovarian epithelial cancer were used to investigate screening criteria for paraneoplastic normal ovarian tissue and the security of the freezing and thawing for ovarian tissue transplantation. Methods: Expression of CK-7, CA125, P53, survivin, MMP-2/TIMP-2 in paraneoplastic normal ovarian tissues were detected by RT-PCR as well as immunohistochemistry. The tissues of the groups with all negative indicators of RT-PCR, all negative indicators of immunohistochemistry, negative expression of CK-7, CA125 and survivin, positive expression of CK-7, CA125 and survivin, cancer tissues and normal ovarian tissues of nude mice were used for freezing and thawing transplantation, to analyze overt and occult carcinogenesis rates after transplantation. Results: When all indicators or the main indicators, CK-7, CA125 and survivin, were negative, tumorigenesis did not occur after transplantation. In addition the occult carcinogenesis rate was lower than in the group with positive expression of CK-7, CA125 and survivin (P<0.01). After subcutaneous and orthotopic transplantation of ovarian tissues, rates did not change (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance among rates after transplantation of ovarian tissues which were obtained under different severity conditions (P>0.05). Conclusion: Negative expression of CK-7, CA125 and survivin can be treated as screening criteria for security of ovarian tissues for transplantation. Immunohistochemical methods can be used as the primary detection approach. Both subcutaneous and orthotopic transplantation are safe. The initial severity does not affect the carcinogenesis rate after tissue transplantation. Freezing and thawing ovarian tissue transplantation in nude mice with human epithelial ovarian carcinoma is feasible and safe.

Sagittal Radiographic Parameters of the Spine in Three Physiological Postures Characterized Using a Slot Scanner and Their Potential Implications on Spinal Weight-Bearing Properties

Hey Hwee Weng Dennis,Ng Nathaniel Li-Wen,Loh Khin Yee Sammy,Tan Yong Hong,Tan Kimberly-Anne,Moorthy Vikaesh,Lau Eugene Tze Chun,Liu Gabriel Ka-Po,Wong Hee-Kit 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.1

Study Design: Prospective radiographic comparative study.Purpose: To compare and understand the load-bearing properties of each functional spinal unit (FSU) using three commonly assumed, physiological, spinal postures, namely, the flexed (slump sitting), erect (standing) and extended (backward bending) postures. Overview of Literature: Sagittal spinal alignment is posture-dependent and influences the load-bearing properties of the spine. The routine placement of intervertebral cages “as anterior as possible” to correct deformity may compromise the load-bearing capabilities of the spine, leading to complications.Methods: We recruited young patients with nonspecific low back pain for <3 months, who were otherwise healthy. Each patient had EOS images taken in the flexed, erect and extended positions, in random order, as well as magnetic resonance imaging to assess for disk degeneration. Angular and disk height measurements were performed and compared in all three postures using paired t-tests. Changes in disk height relative to the erect posture were caclulated to determine the alignment-specific load-bearing area of each FSU.Results: Eighty-three patients (415 lumbar intervertebral disks) were studied. Significant alignment changes were found between all three postures at L1/2, and only between erect and flexion at the other FSUs. Disk height measurements showed that the neutral axis of the spine, marked by zones where disk heights did not change, varied between postures and was level specific. The load-bearing areas were also found to be more anterior in flexion and more posterior in extension, with the erect spine resembling the extended spine to a greater extent.Conclusions: Load-bearing areas of the lumbar spine are sagittal alignment-specific and level-specific. This may imply that, depending on the surgical realignment strategy, attention should be paid not just to placing an intervertebral cage “as anterior as possible” for generating lordosis, but also on optimizing load-bearing in the lumbar spine.

Study on bioaccessibility of betacyanins from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Kah Yee Choo,Yien Yien Ong,Renee Lay Hong Lim,Chin Ping Tan,Chun Wai Ho 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.4

Betacyanins are bioactive dietary phytochemicalswhich can be found in red dragon fruit (RDF). Therefore, the bioaccessibility of betacyanins that presentin fermented red dragon fruit drink (RDFD) and pressedred dragon fruit juice (RDFJ) was accessed in simulatedgastric and intestinal digestion. Results disclosed thatbetacyanins from RDFD and RDFJ suffered minor loss(\25%) at gastric-like environment but greater loss wasobserved during the intestinal phase digestion. After subjectedto intestinal digestion, RDFD retained 46.42% ofbetanin while RDFJ retained 43.76%, with betanin concentrationof 17.12 mM and 12.37 mM, respectively. Findings also revealed that RDFD exhibited higherantioxidant capacity compared to RDFJ after subjected tointestinal digestion, with values of 0.88 mM Troloxequivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and 0.85 mMTEAC, respectively. The data suggests that betacyaninsthat present in RDF are bioaccessible while fermentationable to enhance the bioavailability with more betacyaninsretained after intestinal digestion.