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Takahashi, Kazuaki,Mashiko, Takanori,Saito, Shigeki,Akiba, Yukio Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.1
The effect of dietary xylitol on growth performance and nitrogen retention was studied in male broiler chicks during immunological stimulation. In experiment 1, chicks (10 day of age) were fed a corn-soybean diet containing 10% glucose or 10% xylitol with identical metabolizable energy and crude protein for 14 days. In experiment 2, ten-day-old chicks were fed 10% glucose or 6% xylitol diet for 8 days. During the final 6 days of the experimental periods, a half of birds fed each diet were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg body weight of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0127:B8) on days 1, 3 and 5, and with 250 mg/kg body weight of Sephadex-G50 superfine on days 2 and 4 to stimulate immune system in both experiments. Feeding of the xylitol diets partially prevented the reduction in body weight gain or feed efficiency due to LPS and Sephadex injections, but the glucose diet did not in both the experiments. LPS and Sephadex injections decreased nitrogen retention, whereas the diet containing xylitol partly in experiment 1 and almost completely in experiment 2, prevented the reduction due to immunological stimulation. These results indicate that dietary xylitol probably prevents the reduction in nitrogen retention with growth retardation due to LPS and Sephadex injection. The beneficial effect on nitrogen retention is obtained when chicks are given xylitol 2 days before stimulating the immune system.
Takahashi, Kazuaki,Kawamata, Kenji,Akiba, Yukio Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.6
The experiments were conducted to determine effects of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on T cell subpopulations and responsiveness to mitogen of splenocytes in male broiler chicks. In experiment 1, birds (8-d old) were fed basal, CLA-(CLA) and safflower oil-supplemented (SA) diets which were formulated by supplementary 10 g CLA or safflower oil/kg to the basal diet for 14 d. Broiler starter diet, which mainly consisted of corn and soybean meal, was served as the basal diet. Proliferative response and interleukin (IL)-2-like activity stimulated by concanavalin (Con) A at a concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ of splenocytes in chicks fed the CLA diet were greater than in chicks fed the SA diet, but not at $20{\mu}g$ Con A/ml. Percentage of CD3-positive T cells in splenocytes did not differ between chicks fed the SA diet and CLA. Ratio of CD4-positive T cells to CD8- positive T cells was significantly affected by dietary fat source. In experiment 2, broiler chicks (1-d old) were fed the same diets as in experiment 1 for 14 d. Results of splenocyte proliferation to Con A were similar to those in experiment 1, but phytohemaggulutinin (PHA)- or pokeweed mitogen (PWM)- induced splenocyte proliferation did not differ between the CLA and SA fed groups. Supplementation with SA or CLA to the basal diet tended to have a depressive effect on the proliferation, with the greater effect being that of SA. In experiment 3, effect of an addition of CLA to splenocyte culture medium on splenocyte proliferation was determined. An addition of CLA to the culture medium resulted in reduction of the splenocyte proliferation to Con A, but an addition of linoleic acid. When PWM and PHA were used as mitogen, the inhibitory effect of CLA and linoleic acid on the proliferation did not differ. The results suggested that the effect of dietary CLA on splenocyte proliferation was similar to that of SA, although the effect of dietary CLA on sub-populations was slightly different from that of dietary SA. Further studies are needed to clarify whether use of CLA would be beneficial for maintaining or enhancing T cell immunity in chicks.
Takahashi, Takeshige,Iwaishi, Shin ichi,Yamagimoto, Yukio,Kai, Takami 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.6
The pore radius of the silica glass prepared from a borosilicate glass could be controlled by the content of alumina in the starting glass in the range from 1.9 nm (0 wt% alumina) to 1.9 nm (4.5 wt%). The hydrogenation of three kinds of 1-hexenes and 1-octenes, respectively, was carried out over nickel catalysts supported on a series of the porous glasses different in pore size to elucidate the effects of pore size on the rates of hydrogenation. The rates over the catalyst with the largest pore radius (1.9 nm) were almost the same among the 1-hexenes and 1-octenes, respectively. As the pore radius decreased, however, there was observed an increasing tendency that the rates of branched (or more spherical) olefins such as 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene far exceeded than those of the corresponding linear olefins, i.e. 1-hexene and 1-octene, respectively. This shape selective behavior is quite different from that of the zeolite-supported catalyst. These results confirm that a catalyst support with unique shape selectivity can be synthesized from the borosilicate glass with a small amount of alumina.
Takahashi, Kazuaki,Akiba, Yukio Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.9
An experiment was conducted to determine effects of oral administration of $Diakur^{TM}$ (an additive of glucose and electrolytes for young calves) on growth performance and some physiological responses in male broilers reared in a high temperature. A 2 by 3 factorial arrangement test of 2 temperatures (24 and $36^{\circ}C$) and 3 levels of oral administration of the glucose and electrolytes additive, $Diakur^{TM}$, (0, 150 and 300 mg/day/100 gBW) were applied in the experiment. Male broiler chicks (2 weeks of age) were assigned to six groups and received dietary and temperature treatments for 7 days. The additive of glucose and electrolytes was suspended with water and intubated into crop twice a day (08:00 and 17:00). Oral administration of the additive prevented decreases in food intake and growth rates in broilers due to exposure of the hot environment. Oral administration of the additive also improved a lowered electrolyte ($Na^+$ + $K^+$ - $Cl^-$) balance in plasma, low mitogenic response of blood mononuclear cell and an increase in glucose concentration due to exposure to the high environmental temperature. Oral administration of the additive increased rectal temperature regardless of environmental temperatures. On the other hand, blood pH, $pCO_2$ and $HCO_3$ - concentration, and plasma creatine kinase activity were not affected by the oral administration. The results suggested that oral administration of the glucose and electrolytes additive, $Diakur^{TM}$ during heat stress did not only prevent decrease in growth performance, but also normalized some physiological and immunological responses in male broilers.
( Takeshige Takahashi ),( Shin Ichi Iwaishi ),( Yukio Yanagimoto ),( Takami Kai ) 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.6
The pore radius of the silica glass prepared from a borosilicate glass could be controlled by the content of alumina in the starting glass in the range from 1.9 nm (0 wt% alumina) to 1.9 nm (4.5 wt%). The hydrogenation of three kinds of 1-hexenes and 1-octenes, respectively, was carried out over nickel catalysts supported on a series of the porous glasses different in pore size to elucidate the effects of pore size on the rates of hydrogenation. The rates over the catalyst with the largest pore radius (1.9 nm) were almost the same among the 1-hexenes and 1-octenes, respectively. As the pore radius decreased, however, there was observed an increasing tendency that the rates of branched (or more spherical) olefins such as 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene far exceeded than those of the corresponding linear olefins, i.e. 1-hexene and 1-octene, respectively. This shape selective behavior is quite different from that of the zeolite-supported catalyst. These results confirm that a catalyst support with unique shape selectivity can be synthesized from the borosilicate glass with a small amount of alumina.
Isolation and characterization of acid-soluble bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) skin collagen
Tanaka, Teruyoshi,Takahashi, Kenji,Tsubaki, Kazufumi,Hirata, Maika,Yamamoto, Keiko,Biswas, Amal,Moriyama, Tatsuya,Kawamura, Yukio The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2018 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.21 No.4
In this study, we isolated and characterized the acid-soluble skin collagen of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT, Thunnus orientalis). The PBT skin collagen was composed of two ${\alpha}$ chains (${\alpha}1$ and ${\alpha}2$) and one ${\beta}$ chain. The denaturation temperature of PBT collagen was low although it was rich in proline and hydroxyproline. The primary structure of PBT skin collagen was almost identical to that of calf and salmon skin collagen; however, it differed with respect to the epitope recognition of the antibody against salmon type I collagen. These results suggest that the primary structure of skin collagen was highly conserved among animal species, although partial sequences that included the epitope structure differed among collagens.