Effect of Dietary Copper Sources (Cupric Sulfate and Cupric Methionate) and Concentrations on Performance and Fecal Characteristics in Growing Pigs

Huang, Y.,Zhou, T.X.,Lee, J.H.,Jang, H.D.,Park, J.C.,Kim, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.6

This study was conducted to assess the effects of organic and inorganic copper on performance in growing pigs. A total of 100 pigs, average age 63 d and initial body weight 21.46${\pm}$1.13 kg, were assigned to five treatment groups. Dietary treatments included i) CON (basal diet, 0 ppm Cu), ii) T1 (basal diet with 67 ppm Cu as cupric sulfate, $CuSO_4$), iii) T2 (basal diet with 134 ppm Cu as $CuSO_4$), iv) T3 (basal diet with 67 ppm Cu as cupric methionate, CuMet) and v) T4 (basal diet with 134 ppm Cu as CuMet). Throughout the entire experimental period, ADG (average daily gain), ADFI (average daily feed intake) and G/F (gain: feed) ratios showed no significant differences. The dry matter digestibility was improved in the T1, T2, T3, and T4 treatments (p<0.05), as compared with CON. Nitrogen digestibility was improved in the T3 treatment group as compared with CON (p<0.05). As compared with the T1 treatment group, fecal pH values were improved in the CON, T3, and T4 treatment groups (p<0.05). Fecal Cu concentrations were significantly lower in the CON, T3, and T4 treatment groups than in T1 and T2 (p<0.05). The incidence of diarrhea was reduced when the pigs were fed on the T2, T3, and T4 diets as compared with CON. In conclusion, diets supplemented with 67 or 134 ppm Cu as CuMet may prove effective in improving nutrient digestibility and fecal pH value in growing pigs, and fecal Cu concentrations may be reduced by CuMet supplementation.

Magnetic Interaction in FeCo alloy Nanotube Array

D. Zhou1,T. Wang,M.G. Zhu,Z.H. Guo,W. Li,F. SLi 한국자기학회 2010 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.2010 No.12

Experimental study on seismic performance of steel reinforced concrete T-shaped columns

Zuqiang Liu,Chaofeng Zhou,Jianyang Xue,Roberto T. Leon 국제구조공학회 2020 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.36 No.3

This study investigates the seismic performance of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) T-shaped columns under low cyclic loading tests. Based on test results of ten half-scale column specimens, failure patterns, hysteretic behavior, skeleton curves, ultimate strength, ductility, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity were analyzed. The main variables included loading angles, axial compression ratios and steel ratios. The test results show that the average values of the ductility factor and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient with respect to the failure of the columns were 5.23 and 0.373, respectively, reflecting good seismic performance. The ductility decreased and the initial stiffness increased as the axial compression ratio of the columns increased. The strength increased with increasing steel ratio, as expected. The columns displaced along the web had higher strength and initial stiffness, while the columns displaced along the flange had better ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Based on the test and analysis results, a formula is proposed to calculate the effective stiffness of SRC T-shaped columns.

Src homology 2 domain–containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 deficiency leads to a spontaneous allergic inflammation in the murine lung

Oh, Sun-Young,Zheng, Tao,Bailey, Monica L.,Barber, Dwayne L.,Schroeder, John T.,Kim, Yoon-Keun,Zhu, Zhou Elsevier 2007 The journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.119 No.1

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Src homology 2 domain–containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP-1) controls the intracellular level of the phosphoinositide 3–kinase product phosphotidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and functions as a negative regulator of cytokine and immune receptor signaling. Emerging evidence suggests that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway might be involved in allergic inflammation in the lung. However, the functional relevance of SHIP-1 in the T<SUB>H</SUB>2 activation pathway has not been established. <I>SHIP-1</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> mice have spontaneous myeloproliferative inflammation in the lung, the nature of which has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that SHIP-1 plays an important role as a regulator in pulmonary allergic inflammation and in maintaining lung homeostasis.</P><P><B>Objective</B></P><P>To test our hypothesis, we characterized the pulmonary phenotype of <I>SHIP-1</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> mice.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Analyses of lung histopathology and bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity revealed that the majority of <I>SHIP-1</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> mice had progressive and severe pulmonary inflammation of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils; mucous hyperplasia; airway epithelial hypertrophy; and subepithelial fibrosis. These pathologic changes were accompanied by exaggerated production of T<SUB>H</SUB>2 cytokines and chemokines, including IL-4, IL-13, eotaxin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, in the lung. Furthermore, the number of mast cells significantly increased, and many of these cells were undergoing degranulation, which was correlated with increased content and spontaneous release of histamine in the lung tissue of <I>SHIP-1</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> mice.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These findings provide strong evidence that mice lacking SHIP-1 have an allergic inflammation in the lung, suggesting that SHIP-1 plays an important role in regulating the T<SUB>H</SUB>2 signaling pathway and in maintaining lung homeostasis.</P><P><B>Clinical implications</B></P><P>SHIP-1 as a regulator might be a potential therapeutic target for controlling allergic inflammation in diseases such as asthma.</P>

Effects of Dietary Coptis Chinensis Herb Extract on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Characteristics and Meat Quality in Growing-finishing Pigs

Zhou, T.X.,Zhang, Z.F.,Kim, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.1

The effects of dietary Coptis chinensis herb extract (CHE) on growth performance, blood characteristics, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs were investigated in an 18-wk feeding trial. A total of 36 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire-Duroc pigs with an initial body weight of $20{\pm}1.0$ kg were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment and 2 pigs per pen. A maize-soybean meal-based diet was formulated as a control diet and other treatment diets were supplemented with 0.5, or 1 g CHE/kg, respectively. After the feeding period, meat samples were collected from those pigs that had reached the market BW. During the experimental periods, growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen were unaffected (p>0.05) by the dietary supplementation of CHE. Plasma erythrocytes counts were increased (Linearly, p<0.05) in response to application of CHE at the end of the experiment. Moreover, pigs fed the CHE diets had better (p<0.05) meat color, pH and water holding capacity (WHC) than pigs fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with CHE could increase blood erythrocytes counts and improve meat quality in growing-finishing pigs but not improve growth performance.

Thermo-electro-mechanical contact behavior of a finite piezoelectric layer under a sliding punch with frictional heat generation

Zhou, Y.T.,Lee, K.Y. Pergamon Press 2011 Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids Vol.59 No.5

The thermal contact problem of a piezoelectric strip with heat supply generated by the frictional tangential traction under the action of a rigid sliding punch is investigated. The inertial effects are considered. It is convenient to introduce the Galilean transform. Whole cases of the root distribution of the corresponding characteristic equation are detailed. Appropriate fundamental solutions that can lead to real solutions of the thermo-electro-mechanical quantities are derived for the piezoelectric governing equation. The stated problem is reduced to Cauchy singular integral equation of the second kind finally. Numerical results are also presented. The solutions have a reduced dependence on the material properties. The singular behaviors at the edges of the punch are revealed. The stress distribution and temperature distribution above the punch with the variations of the relative sliding speed, the frictional coefficient and the thickness are plotted. The effects of the material constants on the stress distribution and temperature distribution above the punch are presented.

Buffeting-induced stresses in a long suspension bridge: structural health monitoring oriented stress analysis

T.T. Liu,Y.L. Xu,W.S. Zhang,K.Y. Wong,H.J. Zhou,K.W.Y. Chan 한국풍공학회 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.6

Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have been recently embraced in long span cablesupported bridges, in which buffeting-induced stress monitoring is one of the tasks to ensure the safety of the bridge under strong winds. In line with this task, this paper presents a SHM-oriented finite element model (FEM) for the Tsing Ma suspension bridge in Hong Kong so that stresses/strains in important bridge components can be directly computed and compared with measured ones. A numerical procedure for buffeting induced stress analysis of the bridge based on the established FEM is then presented. Significant improvements of the present procedure are that the effects of the spatial distribution of both buffeting forces and self-excited forces on the bridge deck structure are taken into account and the local structural behaviour linked to strain/stress, which is prone to cause local damage, are estimated directly. The field measurement data including wind, acceleration and stress recorded by the wind and structural health monitoring system (WASHMS) installed on the bridge during Typhoon York are analyzed and compared with the numerical results. The results show that the proposed procedure has advantages over the typical equivalent beam finite element models.

Hot spot stress approach for Tsing Ma Bridge fatigue evaluation under traffic using finite element method

T. H. T. Chan,T. Q. Zhou,Z. X. Li,L. Guo 국제구조공학회 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.19 No.3

The Relationships between Abdominal Temperature and Some Thermoregulatory Responses in Male Broiler Chickens

Zhou, W.T.,Fujita, M.,Ito, T.,Yamamoto, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.6

This study was conducted to determine the relationships between abdominal temperature (Tabd) and some thermoregulatory responses, such as heat production (HP), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), temperature of external ear tract (Tee), comb surface temperature (Tcs) and shank skin temperature (Tss), for revealing the role of deep body temperature in the thermoregulation of broiler chickens. Tabd was divided into 5 zones of 40-41, 41-42, 42-43, 43-44 and $44-45^{\circ}C$, and maintained for 3 hours in each zone by varying environmental temperature from 11 to $33^{\circ}C$. HP and HR had a greater increase with Tabd above $42.5^{\circ}C$. RR increased markedly with Tabd above $41.5^{\circ}C$, and reached a maximum when Tabd was at $42.5^{\circ}C$, then began to decrease. In addition, HP and HR increased significantly with decrease RR during the decreasing phase of panting. Tcs and Tss changed rapidly with Tabd when Tabd was below $41.5^{\circ}C$, and increased more slowly above $41.5^{\circ}C$. Tee was lower than Tabd, and its increase was less than that of Tabd. These results suggest that changes in thermoregulatory responses are induced by an increase in abdominal temperature. Tabd increases to adjust the ratio of sensible and evaporative heat loss when Tabd is below $42.5^{\circ}C$, while the ability in body temperature regulation gradually disappears when abdominal temperature exceeds $42.5^{\circ}C$ and heat balance can not be maintained.

Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplementation on performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broiler chickens.

Zhou, T X,Chen, Y J,Yoo, J S,Huang, Y,Lee, J H,Jang, H D,Shin, S O,Kim, H J,Cho, J H,Kim, I H Poultry Science Association, etc 2009 Poultry science Vol.88 No.3

<P>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with chitooligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broilers. A total of 480 broilers with an average initial BW of 45.04 g per chick were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 4 dietary treatments (20 broilers per pen with 6 pens per treatment): 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ANT (basal diet + 44 mg/kg of avilamycin), 3) COS0.2 (basal diet + 14 g/kg of COS), 4) COS0.4 (basal diet + 28 g/kg of COS). The experiment lasted for 5 wk and avilamycin was administered from d 0 to 21. Growth performance was measured on d 0, 21, and 35, and all other response criteria were measured on d 35. No change in feed conversion (G:F) was observed in response to any of the treatments throughout the experimental period (P > 0.05). However, BW gain and feed intake were greater (P < 0.05) in broilers provided with feed supplemented with COS than in those in the control group. In addition, broilers had significantly greater (P < 0.05) red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations when they were provided with the COS0.4 diet, whereas the triglyceride concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers in the COS0.2 treatment group. No other blood characteristics were affected by the treatments. Additionally, as the dietary COS concentration increased, the liver weight increased (P < 0.05). Conversely, as the concentrations of dietary COS increased, abdominal fat decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, meat yellowness decreased (P < 0.05) as the concentration of COS increased. Finally, the breast meat and abdominal fat of birds provided with feed supplemented with COS had a lower (P < 0.05) saturated fatty acid concentration but a greater concentration of total monounsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05) than that of birds in the control. In conclusion, COS can improve the performance and breast meat quality of broilers while increasing the red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in blood. In addition, COS can induce a decrease in abdominal fat and improve meat quality.</P>