Total Heart Valve Replacement Surgeries and a New Hingeless Valve

Wada, Juro 최신의학사 1969 最新醫學 Vol.12 No.1

Multivalent mannose-decorated NIR nanoprobes for targeting pan lymph nodes

Wada, Hideyuki,Hyun, Hoon,Bao, Kai,Lee, Jeong Heon,El Fakhri, Georges,Choi, Yongdoo,Choi, Hak Soo Elsevier 2018 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.340 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Lymphadenectomy is a prerequisite for most malignancies to define the precise staging of cancer, as well as resect the possible metastases completely. While it improves prognosis, lymphadenectomy often causes postoperative edema or bleeding because of unclear surgical margins. In this study, we synthesized near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobes with conjugating various mannose moieties on the surface to target macrophages in the lymph node. Armed with these NIR nanoprobes, we demonstrated the feasibility of intraoperative pan lymph nodes (PLN) mapping and real-time optical imaging under the NIR fluorescence imaging system. We found that even single mannose-conjugated ZW800-1 showed specific uptake in lymph nodes within 4 h, and multiple mannose-employed polyrotaxanes highlighted PLN efficiently with low background signals in major organs. This technology can help surgeons perform lymphadenectomy with ease and safety by identifying all regional lymph nodes proficiently after a single intravenous injection of NIR nanoprobes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> NIR fluorescent nanoprobes to target macrophages in the lymph node. </LI> <LI> Renal clearable nanoprobes enhance the SBR of target tissue. </LI> <LI> Intraoperative pan lymph nodes mapping is demonstrated. </LI> <LI> Surgeons can perform lymphadenectomy with ease and safety using NIR. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

외국문학으로서의 이태준 문학 - 일본문학과의 차이화(差異化)

WADA Tomomi 상허학회 1999 상허학보 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristic features of the past studies in Japan on Lee Tae-jun and to investigate, based on the results of the analysis, what types of studies on Lee Tae-jun would be possible particularly in Japan. It was in 1941 that the Japanese first showed an interest in Lee Tae-jun’s literary works, when the Japanese translation of the collection of his novels was published. There was no Korean novelists but two, Lee Kwang-Su and Lee Tae-jun, whose literary works were translated into Japanese in the colonial days. The most definite reason why the Japanese became interestes in Lee Tae-jun was that his short stories showed a high level of completion. Therefore, the postwar study in Japan on Lee Tae-jun was also started by clarifying the structure of the mental world of the novelist, which lead his literary works to a high level of completion. Shokichi Cho paid attention to the fact that though Lee Tae-jun had aimed at becoming an activist in a racial movement in his youth, his failure in attaining his wish caused him to be a novelist. According to Cho, the motive for Lee Tae-jun’s aiming at becoming an activist in a racial movement was his wish to assimilate himself to his dead father. If such assimilation had been attained. Lee Tae-jun should have been liberated from his sense of being an orphan. However, his wish could not be fulfilled under the colonial circumstances at that time, and he was resigned to his fate as an orphan, and at the same time, to the fate as a novelist, a special profession allowed to the special fate as an orphan. It can be considered that Shokichi Cho’s understanding of Lee Tae-jun’s literary works has greatly been affected by his experience in Japanese literature. In the Japanese literary world, there was a novelist whose mental structure was poles apart from Lee Tae-jun’s. It was Naoya Shiga. His father was a living existence that oppressed him. Therefore, Shiga’s literary works were always created through his sense of conflict with his father. In Lee Tae-jun’s Iiterary works, we often find the situations in which the hero/heroine is unable to act in accordance with the dictates of his/her own sense. The reason for it can be clarified by making a comparison between his literary works and Shiga’s. In Shiga’s literary works, the hero/heroine acts in accordance with the dictates of his/her own sense. Hero’s/heroine’s decision is always made with confidence, as Shiga’s reaction to his living father. On the other hand, Lee Tae-jun created a virtual image of his dead father and tried to assimilate himself to it. In the background of hero's/heroine’s decision lies Lee Tae-jun’S vurtual image of his dead father. Therefore, such a decision cannot be made with confidence. The next step of the study in Japan on Lee Tae-jun was to clarify the philosophy that threaded through his short stories and long novels. Lee Tae-jun’s short stories have been highly estimated, while his long novels have always been estimated low. Toshikatsu Saegusa analyzed the personalities of the characters in Lee Tae-jun's long novels and classified them into several types. Through this work, it was cIarified that the most important motif for Lee Tae-jun’s long novels was the betrayal of love. This betrayal is characterized by the failure of the hero/heroine not only in love but also in his/her economic and social life. The hero/heroine, who failed in his/her life, is left behind the society and falls into a state just like an orphan. At this point of time, the characters in short stories and those in long novels are in the same situation. However, the characters in long novels do not disappear from the society without doing anything as in the case of those in short stories. They change their passion for love into the passion for trying to reform the society. Based on his analysis, Saegusa suggested that the reason for such an action is that they substituted love a...

Correlation between Fat Desposit in Eye Muscle and Concentration of Plasma Lipoprotein in Fattened Steer(日文)

Wada.H. 江原大學校 農科大學 農業科學硏究所 1984 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE VANISHING OF THE SECOND PLURIGENUS FOR NORMAL SURFACE SINGULARITIES

Wada, Koukichi Korean Mathematical Society 2008 대한수학회보 Vol.45 No.2

In the study of normal (complex analytic) surface singularities, it is interesting to investigate the invariants. The purpose of this paper is to give a characterization of the vanishing of ${\delta}_2$. In [11], we gave characterizations of minimally elliptic singularities and rational triple points in terms of th.. second plurigenera ${\delta}_2$ and ${\gamma}_2$. In this paper, we also give a characterization of rational triple points in terms of a certain computation sequence. To prove our main theorems, we give two formulae for ${\delta}_2$ and ${\gamma}_2$ of rational surface singularities.

Synthesis of Anatase Phase Titanium Dioxide Using High-Power Nd:YAG Laser Focused on Titanium Wire in Water

Wada, Naoyuki,Kim, Chang-Hwan,Yoh, Jack J.,Hamashima, Hideki,Hokamoto, Kazuyuki The Japan Institute of Metals 2012 Materials Transactions Vol.53 No.1

<P>An experimental method to synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) using high-power laser in water was performed. A high-power Nd:YAG pulsed laser was used for the synthesis, with the laser energy fixed at 1 J/pulse. This laser was focused on a titanium wire set in water. This investigation recovered nano-sized anatase phase titanium dioxide with well crystallized structure. Pulsed bubbles generated in the water were confirmed by optical measurement, and their collapse may have induced high pressures and temperatures. The bubbles generated was approximately spherical in shape, with an estimated maximum size of 3.7 mm generated about 200 µs later after focusing the laser. Recovered powders were confirmed as single anatase phase titanium dioxide by XRD analysis. Effects of bubbles on synthesis and crystallization are also suggested.</P>

The effect of daily calf stroking frequency during the postnatal period on the establishment of the human-calf relationship

Wada, Satoko,Fukasawa, Michiru,Chiba, Takashi,Shishido, Tetsuro,Tozawa, Akitsu,Ogura, Shin-ichiro Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.10

Objective: Stroking calves during the postnatal period could effectively improve human-calf relationships. The objective of this study is to examine how daily calf stroking frequency during the postnatal period affects the establishment of human-calf relationships. Methods: Six calves were stroked by a trainer for 6 minutes once daily for 5 days after birth (D1). Six calves were stroked by a trainer for 3 minutes twice daily for 5 days after birth (D2). A further four calves were stared at but not stroked as the control group. The overall stroking or staring duration was the same for all groups, at 6 min/d and 30 min over 5 days. The tests for reactions to the stationary trainer in an unfamiliar environment and avoidance distance measurements for an approaching trainer were conducted at 1 month and 3 months after the treatment. Results: Calves in both stroking groups approached significantly closer to the stationary trainer, vocalized less, and looked at the trainer shorter than the control group at 1 month. However, at 3 months, there was no significant difference between the D1 and the control group, whereas the D2 approached significantly closer to the trainer and vocalized less, and looked at the trainer for a shorter time than the control group. For the avoidance distance, the trainer could approach closer to both stroking groups than the control at 1 month, however, there was no difference among groups at 3 months. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the difference in the calf stroking procedure affected the established human-calf relationships, even though the total stroking duration was the same for all stroked calves. It is likely to be more effective to stroke more frequently than intensively when the aim is to establish better human-calf relationships within limited labor time.

古墳群の把握と理解 -日本の事例を中心に-

( Wada Seigo ) 공주대학교 백제문화연구소 2013 백제문화 Vol.1 No.48

필자는 일본열도 고분시대(3세기 중엽∼6세기 말)의 정치사회사를 연구의 한 테마로 하고 있다. 그 과정에서 열도의 각지에 만들어진 20만기 전후의 고분(전방후원분, 전방후방분, 원분, 방분의 4가지가 기본형)을 어떤 단위, 또는 그룹으로 파악하고 축조상황(성립·지속·이동·소멸이나 동시기의 조합 등)을 어떻게 이해하느냐가 매우 큰 문제가 되고 있다. 여기에서는 이러한 과제에 필자가 임해 온 방법과 작업의 실제 개요를 보고하고자 한다. 고분시대의 시기구분, 계층구분, 지역구분을 명확히 하면서 일정한 나름대로의 해석을 추가하여 논의를 진행하지만, 작업이 아직 완료된 것이 아니기 때문에 마지막에 약간의 과제와 전망을 덧붙였다. 특히, 아직도 논의가 불충분한 고분의 구분과 지역 구분의 문제는 사람(또는 집단)의 구분과 밀접한 관계가 있기 때문에 신중한 검토가 요구된다. 목적의식에 따라 방법론을 연마하며, 고고자료를 열심히 분석하고, 가설을 세우고, 그것을 끊임없이 검증하는 작업이 중요하다고 생각한다. The writer of this article studies political and social history of Gohun Period(middle of the 3rd to late 6th century AD) in Japan. It is important how to categorize numerous tombs(keyhole-shaped tombs, double squareshaped tombs, circular tombs and square-shaped tombs) about two hundreds thousands by appropriate units and groups, and to understand their construction situation; development, maintain, transfer and extinction of the tombs. This study presents the methods and preliminary results of these issues. It is discussed to clarify the period, hierarchy and region, and new interpretation is added. Further issues and prospects are also included in conclusion as the research is still ongoing. It is necessary to consider the classification and regional issues carefully because they reflect the people or community relating to the tombs. In addition, it is very important to analyse archaeological data, frame a hypothesis and verify it challenging to methodologies according to own objectives.

학습동기와 계속적인 학습과의 관련성에 대하여

( Wada Ayako ),송승진 ( Seung Heui Song ) 한국일어교육학회 2012 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.24

제2언어습득에서는 일반적으로 도구적 동기부여를 갖고 있는 학습자는 단기적인 학습에서는 성공하지만, 장기적으로는 통합적인 동기부여를 갖고 있는 학습자 쪽이 성공한다고 한다. 본 연구는 한국의 일본어학습자의 학습동기와 계속적인 학습과의 관련성을 밝히고, 초·중등교육 기관에서 고등교육기관으로의 계속적인 학습을 촉진시키기 위해서는 어떤 어프로치가 유효한지를 생각하고, 학습자의 동기부여를 환기시키고 유지하는 것으로 초·중등교육기관에서 일본어를 공부하고 있는 학습자를 계속해서 일본어를 학습할 수 있도록 유도하기 위해서는 일본어교사 및 교육적인 측면에서 무엇을 할 수 있는지에 대해 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 동기는 한국의 어느 여자대학교에서 실시한 간단한 조사결과에서, 대학입학 전에 일본어를 학습한 경험이 있는 학생 중에서도 입학 후에도 일본어를 계속해서 공부하는 학습자와 계속하지 않는 학습자 사이에는 입학 이전의 일본어학습에 대한 경험, 학습동기, 일본 및 일본문화에 대한 경험이나 인상 등에 차이가 보인 것이었다. 그러나 이번 조사에서는 단순히 “통합적인 동기부여”를 갖고 있는 학습자가 학습을 계속하는 것이 아니라 동기부여의 강화, 동기의 변화, 동기의 복합화에 성공한 학습자가 학습을 계속하는 경향이 보인다는 것이다. 앞으로의 과제는 A그룹과 B그룹의 조사수가 상당히 불균형적이고 경향만으로 고찰할 수밖에 없었지만 조사수의 불균형을 개선하고, 동기에 대해서 기술하는 것만으로는 명확하지 않은 질문방법을 개선하는 것이다. 또한 이번 연구에서는 학습을 계속하는 계기가 된 것으로서 “교사가 교실에서 실시한 학습활동” 에만 주목하였지만, 다른 가능성도 시야에 넣어 “무엇이 학습을 계속시키는 요인이 되는가” 를 밝혀나가는 것이다. 第二言語習得においては一般的に、道具的動機づけの學習者は短期的な學習では成功するが、長期的には統合的動機づけの學習者の方が成功すると言われる。本硏究では、韓國の日本語學習者の學習動機と繼續的な學習との關連性を明らかにし、初等·中等敎育機關から高等敎育機關への繼續的な學習を促すにはどのようなアプロ―チが有效かを考え、學習者の動機づけを喚起し維持させることにより、初等·中等敎育の學習者を繼續的な日本語學習に導くには日本語敎師·敎育の側から何ができるかを考えることを目的とした。本硏究のきっかけは、韓國のある女子大學で行った簡單な調査の結果から、大學入學以前に日本語學習經驗がある旣習者のうち、入學後も日本語學習を繼續する學習者と、繼續しない學習者の間には、入學以前の日本語學習のあり方、學習動機、日本及び日本文化に對する經驗や印象などに異なりが見られたことであったが、今回の調査では單に「統合的動機づけ」を持っている學習者が學習を繼續するのではなく、動機づけの强化、動機づけの變化、動機づけの複合化に成功した學習者が學習を繼續する傾向があるのではないかということが分かった。今後の課題は、Aグル―プとBグル―プの調査數が大變アンバランスであり、傾向としてしか考察することができなかったが、調査數のアンバランスを改善し、動機については記述のみでは明確でない部分が多多あるので、その問い方を改善することである。また、今回は學習繼續の契機となるものとして「敎師」「(主に敎師が敎室で實施した)學習活動」にのみ着目したが、他の可能性も視野に入れて、さらに「何が學習を繼續させる要因になるか」ということを明確にしていくことである。

Gas permeation properties of c-plane aligned hexagonal tungsten oxide membranes formed by multi-stage synthesis

Wada Shintaro,Hagio Takeshi,Kunishi Hiroto,Park Jae-Hyeok,Phouthavong Vanpaseuth,Yamada Yuta,Terao Toshihiro,Li Xinling,Nijpanich Supinya,Ichino Ryoichi 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.6

Crystalline microporous membranes are promising tools for gas separation because their molecular dimension pores allow us to accurately sieve molecules by size. Recently, microporous hexagonal WO3 was reported as a new potential membrane material and its membrane was found to enable separation of water from water/acetic acid mixtures. Pore size of hexagonal WO3 seemed to be also suitable for separation of small gasses; however, its gas permeation properties have not been reported. Additionally, densification of membranes by decreasing intercrystalline gaps are extremely important in gas separation. One effective method to densify polycrystalline membranes is to repeat membrane synthesis, namely multi-stage synthesis. Here, we attempt to prepare dense hexagonal WO3 membranes on porous tubular supports by multi-stage synthesis and examined their densification and gas permeation properties. Densification was confirmed by permeation of SF6 (gas molecule larger than pores of hexagonal WO3), and its potential for separating small gasses was considered from single gas permeation of He and He/SF6 permselectivity. The results indicated that the multi-stage synthesis is effective to densify the membranes and He/SF6 permselectivity reached 42.8 for three-stage synthesis under modified conditions, implying hexagonal WO3 is a potential membrane material for small gas separation.