Potential threat to tomato from invaded Potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller): Laboratory study

Sunil Aryal,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

Potato tuber moth (PTM) is a primary pest of potato which had invaded into Korea in 1968 and its distribution was restricted in the southern part of the peninsula. Possibly due to the climate change, its distribution expanded toward the North including Gyounggi and Gangwon province. Since this pest also can inflict damage on other solanaceous crop like tobacco and tomato, we tested the possible host expansion and damage potential on the varieties of tomato. A day old larvae were inoculated to three commercial varieties of a tomatoes and a potato. The results showed that PTM could survive and reproduce on tomato leaves or fruits with differential performance on the varieties. Development time for a day old larvae took longest in leaves of 3 months old plant than of one months old plant of tomatoes. PTM showed lowest reproduction on the leaves of variety with significantly higher type-VI trichome density/mm2. When fed with fruits of tomatoes PTM performance was low in terms of biological parameters in small sized cherry tomatoes than big normal size tomatoes. Significantly high survival rate was observed in the large sized fruit of tomato verities than small sized. This led to further discuss the importance of fruit size and the glycoalkoloid which is present in high level in cherry type tomatoes. Further work on resistance with more tomato accessions are necessary to know wider resistance variability in Korea.

An overview of Beekeeping Economy and Its Constraints in Nepal

Sunil Aryal,Ratna Thapa,Chuleui Jung 한국양봉학회 2015 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

A potential threat to tomato, a congener crop to potato from invaded potato tuber moth, <i>Phthorimaea operculella</i> (Zeller)

Aryal, Sunil,Jung, Chuleui 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Potato tuber moth (PTM) is a primary pest of potato which had invaded into Korea in 1968 and its distribution was restricted in the southern part of the peninsula. Possibly due to the climate change, its distribution expanded toward the Northern part of South Korea including Gyounggi and Gangwon province where tomato production is high. Host expansion and damage potential of PTM was evaluated on tomato, a congeneric crop of potato. Three commercial varieties of tomato (Dafnis, Bangul and Jujube) and a potato (Superior-Sumi) were subjected to PTM larvae. The results showed that host suitability of tomato to PTM was lower than potato, but PTM could completely develop and reproduce on tomato leaves or fruits. Development time was varied relative to tomato varieties and plant age. PTM showed lower performance on the leaves and fruits of cherry type tomatoes. Higher survival was observed in the large sized fruit of tomato varieties. This study showed substantial evidence that the invaded PTM could damage the tomato cultivation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Potato tuber moth is an invaded pest of potato but has potential to feed on tomato. </LI> <LI> Potato tuber moth can complete development on tomato leaves or fruits. </LI> <LI> Reproductive performances of potato tuber moth varied with tomato varieties. </LI> <LI> Potato tuber moth showed lower performance on cherry type tomato than large tomato. </LI> <LI> Potato tuber moth could threaten tomato cultivation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Cold tolerance characteristics of Korean population of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Sunil Aryal,정철의 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4

Potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive insect pest damaging solanaceous crops. We measured the supercooling point (SCP) and survival at low temperature of different development stages to determine which would be capable of overwintering in the Korean climate and adapting to low temperatures. The SCP ranges from −23.8°C of the egg to −16.8 of fourth instar larvae (L4). After short periods of low temperature acclimation in L3 (third instar larva), L4 and prepupae, only the prepupal stage showed a significant lowered SCP from −20.78 to −22.37°C. When exposed to different subzero temperature for two hours the egg turned out to be the most cold tolerant stage showing LT50 of −21.7°C followed by the pupal stage with −15.89°C. One hundred percent mortality was observed when the larvae or adults were exposed to temperatures below −15.1°C even for a period as short as 2 h. The results suggest that PTM pupae and egg would be the main overwintering stage in Korea where winter temperature does not drop below −15°C.

Population dynamics of potato tuber moth in potato and tomato growing areas of Andong, Korea

Sunil Aryal,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04

The potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is an important pest for solanaceous crops mainly potatoes. There is an increasing concern on host expansion to tomato which is higher cash crop. We monitored PTM population dynamics in potato dominated area and tomato greenhouse area in Andon, South Korea for 2 years using delta sticky trap with sex pheromone lure. PTM population was higher in potato growing area and low in tomato area; 19.82 PTM/trap/week and 0.8 PTM/trap/week, respectively. Peak occurrence time was related to the crop phenologies; August in potato field and November in tomato field. Land scape analysis showed that there was significant positive correlation between habitat potato field itself and green house with the number of moth catch during the monitoring period.

A potential threat to tomato, a congener crop to potato from invaded potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)

Sunil Aryal,정철의 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.1

Potato tuber moth (PTM) is a primary pest of potato which had invaded into Korea in 1968 and its distribution was restricted in the southern part of the peninsula. Possibly due to the climate change, its distribution expanded toward the Northern part of South Korea including Gyounggi and Gangwon province where tomato production is high. Host expansion and damage potential of PTM was evaluated on tomato, a congeneric crop of potato. Three commercial varieties of tomato (Dafnis, Bangul and Jujube) and a potato (Superior-Sumi) were subjected to PTM larvae. The results showed that host suitability of tomato to PTM was lower than potato, but PTM could completely develop and reproduce on tomato leaves or fruits. Development time was varied relative to tomato varieties and plant age. PTM showed lower performance on the leaves and fruits of cherry type tomatoes. Higher survival was observed in the large sized fruit of tomato varieties. This study showed substantial evidence that the invaded PTM could damage the tomato cultivation.

Ecosystem Services of Honey Bees; Regulating, Provisioning and Cultural Functions

Sunil Aryal,Sampat Ghosh,Chuleui Jung 한국양봉학회 2020 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Efficacies of some insecticides to the neonates and eggs of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, (Zeller) (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera)

Sunil Aryal,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.04

Potato tuber moth (PTM), phthorimaea operculella, invaded into Korea in 1968 but recently expanding the distribution possibly due to climate change. Ten insecticides were evaluated against the neonates and eggs of PTM. Vial contact test for neonates and dipping for eggs were conducted. LT50 at recommended dose and LC50 at 24 h were determined. Shortest LT50 was observed for fenthion (0.37 h) whereas longest LT50 from spinetoram (13.56 h). LC50 at 24 h was lowest in Abamectin (0.0052 ppm) followed by Emamectin benzoate (0.0084 ppm). Cartap hydrochloride significantly inhibited hatchability of 1, 2, 3, 4 day-old eggs (95.7, 94.0, 94.2, 89.8 % respectivly). Our result indicated that cartap hydrochloride was effective against both neonate and eggs of PTM.

Development of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) on tomato fruit and volatile composition of their essential oils

Sunil Aryal,Aman Dekebo,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04

The potato tuber moth (PTM) is a cosmopolitan insect pest and hosts various solanaceous crops including tomato. We tested olfactory behavior and larval development of PTM on different varieties of tomato fruit namely, Money maker, Campari, Ailsa craig, LA 3475 (M82) and E-6203, and one wild species, S. pimpinellifolium. We also analyzed essential oil of the tomato fruits through GC/MS. There were significance differences in immature developmental period and head capsule size among the tested varieties. PTM larvae showed highest survival on Ailsa craig (66.0±6.0) and E-6203 (64.0±4.0) and lowest on S. pimpinellifolium (14.0±6.0). The major compounds found in the tomato fruit’s essential oils include n-hexadecanoic acid (14.2%) and 2-octylcyclopropaneoctanal (8.7%) in Money makers; hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy -1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (13.1%) in Campari; tert-hexadecanethiol (6.8%) and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester (6.2%) in Ailsa craig; (Z)-13-docosenamide (13.39) in S. pimpinellifolium; Eicosane (4.4%,), (Z)-9 -octadecenamide (4.2%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (4.1%) in E-6208. The larval development result on tomato fruit could support its suitable nutritional contents to PTM, posing pest potential in the future where higher exposure is expected.

Evaluation of different genotypes of tomatoes against potato tuber moth Phthorimeae operculella (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) in laboratory condition

Sunil Aryal,Aman Dekebo,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

Potato tuber moth (PTM) is damaging pest of solanaceous crop invasive to Korea. We showed earlier that it inflicteddamage to tomato. So in this study, we evaluated accessions of Solanum lycopersicum (Money maker, Campari, AilsaCraig, LA3475 and e6203) and a wild variety of S. pimpinellifolium for resistance variability. A day old larvae of PTMwere inoculated to leaves and fruits. The result showed high survivability on leaves of Ailsa Craig (95.6%±4.4 SE) andlow on fruits of S. pimpinellifolium (14.0%±6.0). Leaves of LA3475 and fruits of S. pimpinellifolium were less preferred.Volatile compounds could be the cause. Density of trichomes could also influence PTM activity on leaves. These resultsgive us information on resistance variability which could be utilized if there is a host shift due to climate change.