한문고전문헌의 기계번역 평가방안 탐색

정성훈 ( Jung¸ Sunghoon ),하지영 ( Ha¸ Jiyoung ),김우정 ( Kim¸ Woojeong ) 근역한문학회 2021 한문학논집(漢文學論集) Vol.60 No.-

이 글은 기계번역을 이용한 한문고전 번역물의 품질평가 방법을 살펴보고, 품질평가의 객관성을 제고하는 동시에 번역품질 향상에 기여할 수 있는 방안을 제안한 것이다. 고립어인 한문 고전문언문은 문체가 다양하고 문법상의 변화도 복잡하다. 또한 기계번역은 평가기준·평가목적·평가비용·텍스트의 종류 등도 함께 고려하여야 하므로 신뢰성이 높고 간편한 번역 품질 평가모델을 개발하기가 쉽지 않다. 자동평가는 기계번역의 어떤 요소가 번역 품질에 영향을 미치는지는 알 수 없으며, 점수가 가장 높은 기계번역 모델을 보여줄 수는 있지만 기계번역 품질에 대한 타당성을 보장하지는 못한다. 그리고 평가기준도 평가모델에 따라 달라질 수 있고 대량의 데이터를 필요로 하는 경우도 있다. 이런 문제점을 보완하기 위해서는 수동평가가 필요한데, 평가자 각각의 경험이나 수준이 존재하고, 평가기준에 대한 이해가 다를 수 있으며, 평가 환경이나 차수에 따른 차이 등 주관에 치우칠 우려도 불식하기 어렵다. 따라서 자동평가와 수동평가의 장단점을 고려하여 기계번역기의 성격과 목적에 맞는 평가방법을 찾아 적용하되, 기계번역 모델의 성능을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 척도를 개발하여야 하며, 궁극적으로 이러한 평가방법이 기계번역 모델의 문제점을 찾아 개선해나가는 데 도움이 될 수 있도록 해야 한다. The purpose of this paper is to examine several methods of translation quality evaluation on the classical chinese using machine translation, and suggest some ways to increase the objectivity of quality evaluation and improve the quality of translation. The classical chinese, an isolated language, have diverse styles and complicated grammatical changes. In addition, it is not easy to develop a reliable and easy translation quality evaluation model because machine translation should also consider evaluation standards, evaluation purposes, evaluation costs, and types of text. Automatic evaluation does not know which elements of machine translation affect translation quality, and although it can show the highest scoring machine translation model, it does not guarantee validity for machine translation quality. In addition, evaluation criteria may vary depending on the evaluation model and may require a large amount of data. To compensate for this problem, manual evaluation is required, which may have different results depending on the experience or level of the appraiser, understanding of the criteria, and the environment or number of evaluations. Therefore, considering the advantages and disadvantages of automatic and manual evaluation, an evaluation method suitable for the purpose of the machine translator shall be found and applied, but a measure shall be developed to objectively evaluate the performance of the machine translation model. And ultimately, these evaluation methods should help identify and improve the problems of the machine translation model.

Cimicomorpha Revisited (Insecta: Heteroptera): Phylogenetic Relationships and the Evolution of Haemocoelic Insemination, Parasitism, and Feeding Habits

Sunghoon Jung,Seunggwan Shin,Ram K. Duwal,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Cimicomorpha is one of the most diverse groups in true bugs, and attract a great attention for a variety of reasons, among them, extraordinary insemination methods in the bed bugs and their relatives (Cimicoidea), feeding-habits alternations in the plant bugs (Miridae), parasitism in the bed bugs and their relatives (Cimicidae and Polyctenidae), agricultural pests in the lace bugs and the plant bugs (Tingidae and Miridae), biological control agents in the minute pirate bugs and the plant bugs (e.g., the genus Orius), disease transmission in the Triatominae (Reduviidae), and micro-habitat transition in the assassin bugs and the flower bugs (Reduviidae and Anthocoridae). In this talk, we propose the phylogenetic relationships within the Cimicomorpha especially including some critical taxa in terms of the biological traits such as haemocoelic insemination and parasitism (e.g., the species belonging to Lasiochilidae, Lyctocoridae, Prostemminae and Corydromius). Based on the phylogenetic results, we also present the evolutionary history of the specialized biological traits of the Cimicomorpha using phylogenetic comparative analyses.

Estimating Depth of Image by changing Focus Distance of a Single Camera

Sunghoon Jung,Sang-Ho Park,Kwang-Ryul Baek 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1

Flexible and Large Area Organic Optoelectronic Devices Using Metal Embedded Flexible Substrate

Sunghoon Jung,Jang-Joo Kim,Jae-Wook Kang,Do-Geun Kim 한국표면공학회 2013 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.11

Current and future distribution of Ricania shantungensis in Korea

Sunghoon Baek,Min-Jung Kim,Kyusoon Kim,Jong-Kook Jung,Joon-Ho Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04

갈색날개매미충은 현재 급속도로 확산하고 있으며 그 피해는 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 이번 연구는 이러한 갈색날개매미충의 현재와 미래 분포를 CLIMAX와 MaxEnt를 사용하여 예측하였다. 또한 두 개의 프로그램에서 변수 선정은 사용된 환경인자와 갈색날개매미충 발생과의 공간적 상호 관계를 SADIE로 분석하여 사용함으로써 발생에 영향을 주는 요소만을 분석에 이용하였다. CLIMAX의 경우 중국 저장성의 기후 요소와 한국 전역의 기후 요소를 Climate Matching을 사용하였고, MaxEnt의 경우 상관관계 분석과 공간자료 분석에 의해 선정된 11개 환경 요소를 이용하여 갈색날개매미충의 현재 및 미래 분포를 예측하였다. 연구결과 한국 전역은 갈색날개매미충 발생에 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 한국의 서쪽 지역이 동쪽 지역보다는 상대적으로 발생 적합성이 높았으며 동쪽으로 점차 이동할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구 결과는 갈색날개매미충의 방제 전략을 구축하는데 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라 보다 유의미한 종분포 모델 개발을 위해 공간자료 분석의 사용법을 제시하였다.

Ancestral Character States and Correlated Evolution of the Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Two case studies, Miridae and Cimicoidea

Sunghoon Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Recently, biological systematic studies have contributed for understanding of evolutionary histories of living organisms. In this talk, I present how evolutionary histories are inferred from the phylogenetic relationships. Two case studies in the Cimicomorpha (Heteroptera) are presented: 1. Inferring ancestral character states of the plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae); 2. Revealing evolutionary history of the Cimicoidea based on correlated evolution between habitat selection and morphological characters (Heteroptera: Cimiciformes). Case I: The first comprehensive cladistic analysis of Miridae, the plant bugs, is presented based on analysis of 3935 base pairs of mitochondrial (16S, COI) and nuclear (18S, 28SD3) DNA for 91 taxa in seven subfamilies. Data were analyzed using maximum likelihood (ML), parsimony, and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic frameworks. Divergence time estimates indicate that the radiation of the Miridae began in the Permian; most genus-level radiations within subfamilies began in the late Cretaceous, probably in response to the angiosperm radiation. Ancestral feeding state reconstructions based on Bayesian and parsimony inference were largely congruent and both reconstructed phytophagy as the ancestral state of the Miridae. Furthermore, the feeding habits of the common ancestors of Mirinae + Deraeocorinae, Bryocorinae + Cylapinae + Isometopinae + Orthotylinae, and the remaining taxa excluding Phylinae, were inferred as phytophagous. Therefore, at least three shifts from phytophagy or polyphagy to predation occurred within the Miridae. Case II: The diverse habitat types and discrete morphological characters of cimicoid species provide a unique opportunity to study correlated evolution. Phylogenetic relationships within Cimicoidea were determined using Bayesian analyses of molecular data, allowing the generation of testable hypotheses of correlated evolution. An investigation of the correlation between habitat selection and morphological characters revealed that a dead plant habitat was correlated with the filiform antennal type. Furthermore, molecular dating analysis was used to examine divergence times within the Cimicoidea. Transitions to live plants from dead plants for most cimicoid clades started right after the mid–Cretaceous, coinciding with the radiation of the angiosperms. Using contingency analyses, I determined that evolutionary changes in morphological characters were dependent on habitat selection. Based on these results, I propose evolutionary historical hypotheses for the Cimicoidea.

Extremely Flexible Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Organic Devices

Jung, Sunghoon,Lee, Sunghun,Song, Myungkwan,Kim, Do-Geun,You, Dae Sung,Kim, Jong-Kuk,Kim, Chang Su,Kim, Tae-Min,Kim, Kwon-Hyeon,Kim, Jang-Joo,Kang, Jae-Wook Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley Sons) 2014 Advanced Energy Materials Vol.4 No.1

<P>Extremely flexible transparent conducting electrodes are developed using a combination of metal-embedding architecture into plastic substrate and ultrathin transparent electrodes, which leads to highly transparent (optical transmittance approximate to 93% at a wavelength of 550 nm), highly conducting (sheet resistance approximate to 13 Omega square(-1)), and extremely flexible (bending radius approximate to 200 mu m) electrodes. The electrodes are used to fabricate flexible organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes that exhibit performance similar or superior to that of devices fabricated on glass substrates. Moreover, the flexible devices do not show degradation in their performance even after being folded with a radius of approximate to 200 mu m.</P>

DYNAMIC MEASURING THE ORIENTATION AND POSITION OF A PLANE USING VISUAL MARKERS

Sunghoon Jung,Sojung Park,Sungmin Byun,Minhwan Kim 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2006 No.-

A practical method of dynamically measuring the position and orientation of a plane in 3D space is proposed in this paper, which uses a camera on the plane and visual markers on the ground. This method is basically a part of the camera calibration technique, because it is to determine only the extrinsic parameters of the camera. However, the method can determine these parameters fast and dynamically by using only four known points (markers). A marker allocation technique is also proposed, which enables to design appropriate location of the four markers to be captured by the dynamically moving camera. The technique uses four cameras at each comer of the plane so that the conflict problem between the camera view angle and the image resolution related to measuring accuracy is solved. Validity of the proposed method is verified through several simulations under different conditions. The proposed method is expected to be applied to robot navigation and automatic loading/unloading at container cranes.

HUMAN DETECTION IN OVERHEAD VIEW AND NEAR-FIELD VIEW SCENE

Sunghoon Jung,Sojung Park,Minhwan Kim 한국멀티미디어학회 2007 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2007 No.-

Human detection techniques in outdoor scenes have been studied for a long time to watch suspicious movements or to keep someone from danger. However there are few methods of human detection in overhead or near-field view scenes, while lots of human detection methods in far-field view scenes have been developed. In this paper, a set of four features useful for human detection in overhead view scenes and another one in near-field view scenes are suggested. Eight feature-candidates are first extracted by analyzing geometrically varying characteristics of moving objects in samples of video sequences. Then four most useful features for each view scene in classifying human from other moving objects are selected among them by using a neural network learning technique. Through experiments with hundreds of video sequences, we found that each set of features was very useful for human detection and classification accuracy for overhead view and near-field view scenes was about 99%. The suggested sets of features can be used effectively in a PTZ camera based surveillance system where both the overhead and near-field view scenes appear.

Development of Glass for Vitrification of Fukushima Liquid Waste With Cold Crucible Induction Melter

Sunghoon Hong,Young Hwan Hwang,Jung-Su Jung,Toshiro Oniki 한국방사성폐기물학회 2019 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2019 No.10