17세기 후반 趙聖期의 學問傾向과 經世論

조성산(Cho Sung-san) 고려사학회 2001 한국사학보 Vol.- No.10

농암 김창협의 성리학과 경세론

조성산(Cho Sung san) 경인교육대학교 기전문화연구소 2008 기전문화연구 Vol.34 No.-

김창협은 훗날 낙론계의 종장으로 인식되면서 그의 사유는 노론 전반에 중요한 영향을 끼쳤다. 김창협 학문의 형성과점을 살펴보면 우선 김상헌・송시열을 통해서 주자학과 의리학 학풍에, 나성두・조성기・이단상을 통하여 邵雍 象數學의 학문성향에, 중국으로부터 전래된 서적들을 통하여 최신 중국 학술동향에 영향을 받았다. 이러한 것이 종합되어 김창협의 학문이 형성될 수 있었다. 이처럼 김창협의 사유 형성에는 다양한 연원들이 존재했으며, 그것은 김창협의 학문이 복합적이고 다층적이게 된 주요 원인이었다. 김창협의 성리학은 이기론과 지각론으로 대별할 수 있다. 그는 기존의 학설을 비판하면서 이기와 심성의 관계를 재정립하였다. 이를 통해서 새로운 인간관을 세웠다. 이는 기존의 보수적인 입장을 견지하면서도 새로운 변화에 적응하고자 하는 문제의식 속에서 나왔다. 이러한 김창협의 학풍은 그의 학문이 가졌던 다층성을 말해 준다. 이러한 다층적인 김창협의 학문은 현실인식에도 반영되었다. 단선적인 반청 분위기가 팽배해 있었던 시대에 오랑캐가 밉다고 해서 중국에 남아있는 중화의 여풍까지 버려서는 안된다는 18세기 후반 북학론과 흡사한 주장을 펼치기도 하였다. 또한 봉건・군현제 논의를 통해서 국정운영의 입장도 보여주었다. 그는 봉건제를 私로, 군현제를 公으로 규정하였으며 군현제가 가지고 있었던 현명한 인재 등용의 측면에 주목하였다. When seen from ongm of academic world of Kim, Chang-Hyup, we can find out what kind of factors have affected formation of his academic world. He had been affected by the doctrines[teachings] of Chu Hsi and the doctrines[teachings] of Ui-Ri義理 through academic trend of Kim, Sang-Hun and Song, Shi-Yeol, and by Shao Yung s Learning of Images and Numbers through that of Na, Seong-Doo · Cho, Sung-Gi·Lee, Dan-Sang. The books handed over to Korea from China had influenced formation of his own world of Kim, Chang- Hyup. These had become part of his own academic world of Kim, Chang-Hyup. Kim, Chang-Hyup criticized Yi yi李珥 s theory of li-tong-gi-guk 理通氣局 and emphasized the meaning of li理 in yi-gi theory. Through this work, he also raised the view of human nature as fundamentally good 性善 and tried to explain various figures of human beings in multiple angles. In the theory of consciousness of Shirni心, he criticized both Buddhism and the doctrines of Wang Yangming陽明學 based upon the principle of division of Shim心· Seong性, with an intention of ensuring a space of Shim and raising the values of Shim. This multiple layer of academic world of Kim, Chang-Hyup was reflected in the recognition of reality. He also proposed a theory identical to Northern Leaming in the latter half of 18th century with tight atmosphere of anti-Qing dynasty spirit throughout the nation. In addition, he showed his position over national operation with feudal(Ponggŏn封建) and counties·prefectures(Gunhyun郡縣) System discussion and proposed a direction of statecraft through Gyu-Mo-Chaek規模策.

반구 및 환상형 마이크로 표면 돌기의 트라이볼로지 특성 비교 연구

趙星山 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2005 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Finite element analysis of adhesive contact of hemispherical and torus micro surface bumps was conducted. Pull-off force and variation of maximum equivalent stress in the bump were obtained while the bump contacts with a rigid plane and then separates from the plane. The analysis results for the hemispherical and torus bumps were compared under the condition that the radius of outer boundary of bump is same. The results shows that the pull-off force is smaller for the hemispherical bump than the torus bump so that the hemispherical bump is superior to the torus bump in preventing the stiction and reducing the friction force. However, the same contact force generates greater equivalent stress in the hemispherical bump than the torus bump. Hence, the hemispherical bump is more likely to collapse plastically than the torus bump. It is recommended that the bump type is selected depending on the contact force.

최소 절삭깊이와 절삭조건의 관계에 관한 연구

조성산,유수영 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2000 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of half-space due to a sliding rounded cutting edge tool is analysed using finite element technique in order to investigate the relation between the minimum cutting depth and the cutting conditions. Variations of the horizontal force for tool sliding, and the maximum surface temperature and surface layer deformation pattern of the half-space at several indentation depths are examined for various sliding speed and tool/half-space friction coefficient. It is found that there exist a critical indentation depth at which the tool horizontal force and the maximum surface temperature increase rapidly and continuously without any bound and thus sliding instability occurs. The critical indentation depth is affirmatively believed to be the minimum cutting depth since the rapid increase is associated with the material pile-up occurring in front of the moving tool. In addition, the minimum cutting depth decreases with the increase in the cutting speed and tool/work friction coefficient.

취성재료의 미소압입시 균열전파의 유한요소해석

조성산,이정현 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Stress around the edge of penny-shaped lateral crack in the residual stress fields in elastic perfectly-plastic half-spaces indented by a rigid cone are analyzed using finite element technique. The stresses are characterized and interpreted to investigate the crack growth behavior with the aid of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The influence of material properties on the crack growth behavior is also examined. Continuing growth of the crack after removal of indentation load is explained based on the variation of crack growth driving force with crack size. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the change in the crack propagation direction with the growth is due to the change in the crack growth mechanism.

에너지 손실을 고려한 2차원절삭의 음향방출 모델 개발의 예비연구

趙星山 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

A preliminary study is performed to examine the possibility of improving the existing models for root mean square of acoustic emission(AERMS) generated during orthogonal cutting. The existing AERMS models are critically reviewed to point out their limitations. Improvement of the existing model is accomplished by introducing into the existing model the energy loss that occurs during the propagation of AE generated in the shear plane to the tool/chip contact area. It is demonstrated that the new model, although incomplete, predicts the variations of AERMS with cutting conditions that are qualitatively in good agreement with the experimental observations that have not been explained with the existing models.

취성재료의 3개체 연삭가공시 응력해석

조성산,이정현 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Subsurface stresses of workpiece indented by a rotating abrasive in lapping processes are analyzed using two dimensional finite element technique. The workpiece is assumed as an elastoplastic half-space, the abrasive as a rigid rectangular bar, and the lap as a rigid half-space. The stresses in the case of indentation is also analyzed to examine the effects of tangential traction. It is demonstrated that an approximately circular plastically-deformed region is evolved below the contact point and that a local maximum of tensile principal stress occurs at the intersection between the boundary of plastically-deformed region and the extension of diagonal line of abrasive. Moreover, the local maximum value occurring in a loading period is greater than that in the residual stresses, implying that subsurface cracks can be nucleated in the loading period.

와이어 방전가공에서 최적 휴지시간에 관한 실험적 연구

趙星山 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-

A major shortcoming of wire electric discharge machining is relatively slow machining speed that is associated with deionization of dielectric fluid. In this study, the effect of primary and secondary OFF-times on the table feedrate has been experimentally investigated during wire electric discharge slitting processes in order to reveal the characteristics of deionization process and to find the optimal primary and secondary OFF-times. The tests were conducted at various discharge durations. It is demonstrated that the time for deionization reveals a stochastic nature so that OFF-time control using primary and secondary OFF-times is an effective strategy to improve the machining speed. Moreover, the secondary OFF-time has more significant influence on the machining speed than the primary OFF-time, and thus more attention should be given to the selection of the secondary OFF-time. There exist optimal values of primary and secondary OFF-times depending on the discharge duration, and the optimal values increase with the discharge duration.

마이크로 외팔보 점착방지용 돌기의 설계변수 분석

趙星山 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2003 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Micro-bumps have been recognized to prevent stiction in MEMS that hinders proper operation and reduces the durability. Analytical models have been developed to describe separation phenomena of cylindrical and hemispherical bumps from the surface of semi-infinite body. The developed model is employed to obtain the pull-off force, the force to separate the bump from the surface, and to obtain the condition for spontaneous separation of the bump. It is demonstrated that the bumps can be used to prevent the stiction of the microstructure such as micro-cantilevers. Moreover the hemispherical bump is more efficient for stiction-prevention than the cylindrical bump when bumps have the same cross-sectional area.

17세기 후반~18세기 초 김창협(金昌協)·김창흡(金昌翕)의 학풍과 현실관

조성산 한국역사연구회 2004 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.51

1. Kim Chang Hyeob and Km Chang Heub brothers are historical figures who suggested the political and philosophical direction for the Noron/老論 faction's Nak-ron/洛論 theories during the 18th century. Their academical achievements are very important subjects in current historical studies examining the political and philosophical status of the time. 2. They supported the Euiri/義理 theory devised by Song Shi Yeil, and tried to politically promote and strengthen the Noron faction's Euiri theories. They were also passionately engaged in studies of Juja theories. Yet their academical approach to the subject showed some different aspects from that of Song Shi Yeol. In major characteristics they shared Song's approach, but in details there were differences, due to the influences from Lee Dan Sang and Jo Seong Gi, who represented the academical color of the scholars' society or the Seoul and Gyeonggi region in the 17th century. 3. Compared with the Horon members' position, the Kim brothers demonstrated a rather flexible approach to the Hwaih/華夷 theories and in their expressions of their own sense of reality. In example, while Song Shi Yeol maintained a highly critical opinion about Heo Hyeong who served the supposedly barbaric Yuan dynasty, Kim Chang Hyeob thought rather positively of Heo Hyeong. The Kim brothers also revealed some different perspectives regarding the Legitimacy theory, and did not consider the matter of Legitimacy to be a moral issue at all. Hence their perception of the Ching dynasty, which was still presumably barbaric in origin in the Chinese public's view, as another form of legitimacy. They also demonstrated some flexible view of Jin Ryang and upon the Buddhism matte. And they also maintained some objectivity in honoring Song Shi Yeol, unlike the Noron faction members of the Hoseo/湖西 area who practically worshipped Song. 4. As we can see, Kin Chang Hyeob and Chang Heub brothers honored the Noron Euiri theories of the Hoseo region at least in political term, but in academical terms they were significantly influenced by the characteristics of the 17th century Seoul Gyeonggl Seoin/西人 members. So while they were passionately supporting the Noron faction's Euiri theory, they maintained a rather different attitude from that or the Hoseo region Noron members who were blindly following Song Shi Yeol's approaches. The following Ho-Rak/湖洛 debate was literally on outbreak of these differences that have been accumulated for years.