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The Differential Immunomodulating Effects of Levan and DFA-Ⅳ on Macrophage Function
Sulkyoung Park,Ki-Hyo Jang,Mi-Hyun Kim,Jung Dae Lim,Eun Tek Han,Seon-A Jang,Kyungho Kim,Suhkneung Pyo,Eun-Hwa Sohn 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.13 No.1
Di-D-fructose-2,6':6,2'-dianhydride (DFA-Ⅳ) is a disaccharide consisting of two fructose residues that are prepared from levan by levan fructotransferase. Levan is a homopolysaccharide composed of D-fructofuranosyl residues joined by β-(2,6) and β-(2,1) linkages. We compared the immunomodulatory effects of levan with DFA-Ⅳ. Tumoricidal activity, phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production were examined in levan- and DFA-Ⅳ-treated RAW264.7 cells. The NO production, tumoricidal and phagocytic activities were significantly increased in both treated cells. The results indicate that levan has significantly greater effects on tumoricidal activity than DFA-Ⅳ at low concentrations (1 ㎍/mL) and its effect on NO production shows a similar pattern. These results suggest that tumoricidal activity induced by both samples is mediated by NO production.
Seon-A Jang,Sulkyoung Park,Jung-Dae Lim,Se-Chan Kang,Kwang-Hee Yang,Suhkneung Pyo,Eun-Hwa Sohn 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.14 No.2
The comparative immunomodulatory effects of β-glucans isolated from mushroom fungi (Coriolus versicol), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria (Agrobacterium) on the major functions of macrophages were evaluated. As parameters of macrophage functions, we examined tumoricidal activity, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) production, and the induction of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cells, following treatments with β-glucans from the three different sources. The results indicated that all β-glucan treatments significantly induced tumoricidal activity in the RAW264.7 cells, with a remarkable effect shown by the beta-glucan from Agrobacterium at a concentration of 10 ㎍/mL. There was also a significant increase in iNOS-NO system activity in macrophages treated with β-glucans extracted from yeast; however, iNOS-NO system activity was not markedly changed by the treatment of β-glucans from C. versicolor mushroom fungi or Agrobacterium. Furthermore, the β-glucans from C. versicolor had a significant phagocytotic effect at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 ㎍/mL. Taken together, the present data suggest that these β-glucans, isolated from three different sources, have different effects on macrophage function, and therefore, may have different clinical uses in different for various types of diseases.
Kyung-Ho Kim,Seon-A Jang,Kyung-Suk Kim,Sulkyoung Park,Hye-Jin Park,Soo-Jin Lee,Suhkneung Pyo,Eun-Hwa Sohn 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.3
Macrophages play an important role in the first line of immunologic effects against tumor cells. The effects of nonsaponin red ginseng (NSRG) components on macrophage functions like tumoricidal activity, phagocytic activity, and NO production in young (8-weeks-old) and aged (82-weeks-old) male C57BL/6 mice were assessed in vitro, respectively. The treatment of tumor cells (melanoma B16 cells) with the supernatants of NSRG-treated macrophages resulted in an increase of cytotoxicity at 300 ㎍/㎖ in the aged mice, whereas the supernatants did not have a cytotoxic effect in the young mice. It was observed that the supernatants induced the increase of tumor cell proliferation at 150 ㎍/㎖ in the young mice, suggesting that the supernatants contain growth factors rather than cytotoxic molecules. In addition, NSRG alone had a direct cytotoxic effect on the B16 tumor cells. NSRG had no effect on the NO production by the macrophages in the young mice, while it significantly increased the level of NO release in the aged mice. There was no difference in the phagocytic activities of the macrophages by NSRG in both groups of mice. These results suggest that NSRG has differential effects on the macrophage functions in young and aged mice.