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Current prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in imported and native frogs in South Korea
Suk Kim,Lauren Togonon Arayan,Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy,Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes,Huynh Tan Hop,Byoung Youl Cho,Jae Bum Cho,Jin Ha Yu,Son Il Pak 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2017 예방수의학회지 Vol.42 No.1
In Korea, a serious amphibian disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been reported from historical samples collected in the 1900s. In this study, we continue to evaluate the current prevalence of chytridiomycosis in the Korean Peninsula and we include imported frogs from America to our analysis. Non-invasive skin swabs were taken from 275 apparently healthy frogs, and Bd was detected in five free living frogs by the nested PCR protocol consisting of two species: Bombina orientalis and Rana catesbeiana, from Gyeongnam and Cheonbuk provinces. These frogs comprised about 2% of the total number of free living samples. This study might be useful for understanding amphibian chytridiomycosis in Korea.
A Study on Ocular and Skin Irritation of a New Disinfectant, Clean Natural<SUP>®</SUP>
Suk Kim,Myung Sun Chun,Hee Sik Chung,Won Chul Jung,Dong Hyeok Kim,Jeong Ju Lim,Ho Yeong Shon,Gon Sup Kim,Hu-Jang Lee 한국실험동물학회 2007 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.23 No.1
This test was performed to evaluate the ocular and skin irritation of Clean Natural<SUP>®</SUP>", a new disinfectant of which main components are propolis and wood vinegar from Quercus mongolica. The results of eye irritation test were as followings; in the single application test, 0.1 ㎖ Clean Natural<SUP>®</SUP>" eyedrops and 0.9% saline as vehicle control were applied to one eye of rabbit, respectively. The reactions were examined for 7 days after treatment. Transient, Up to 2 days, eye irritation was observed in the rabbit eyes treated with the test solution. The results of skin irritation test were as following; there were no observed clinical signs, body weight changes and gross pathologic findings during experimental period. There were no observed erythema, eschar, and edema formation on intact and abraded skin. The primary irritation index (P.LL) of Clean Natural<SUP>®</SUP>" was 0 and was evaluated none irritating product. In the present study, 10% Clean Natural<SUP>®</SUP>" was evaluated as minimally irritating and none-irritating product for eye and skin, respectively.