Curcumin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis by Decreasing Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B Ligand (RANKL) in Bone Marrow Stromal Cells.

Oh, Sora,Kyung, Tae-Wook,Choi, Hye-Seon Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.26 No.5

<P>Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a pigment derived from turmeric, has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Accumulating evidence points to a biochemical link between increased oxidative stress and reduced bone density. Osteoclast formation was evaluated in co-cultures of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and whole bone marrow cells (BMC). Expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) was analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels. Exposure to curcumin led to dose-dependent suppression of osteoclastogenesis in the co-culture system, and to reduced expression of RANKL in IL-1alpha-stimulated BMSCs. Addition of RANKL abolished the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by curcumin, whereas the addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) did not. The decreased osteoclastogenesis induced by curcumin may reduce bone loss and be of potential benefit in preventing and/or attenuating osteoporosis.</P>

Synthesis and characterization of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-based copolymers for polymer solar cells

Oh, Sora,Shin, Won Suk,Lee, Jong-Cheol,Lee, Sang Kyu,Ahn, Taek Korean Physical Society 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.6

Synthesis and Characterization of Benzodithiophene-4,8-Dione-Based Copolymers for Polymer Solar Cells

Oh, Sora,Kim, Da Hun,Ahn, Taek,Lee, Sang Kyu American Scientific Publishers 2018 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.18 No.10

Solution Processable Small Molecules for Application to Organic Solar Cells

Oh, Sora,Lee, Jong-Cheol,Ahn, Taek,Lee, Sang Kyu American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.8

<P>A novel series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based materials, 4-[{3-(thiophene-2-yl)-6-[5 ''-n-hexyl-(2,2'; 5',2 ''-terthiophene)-5-yl]-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H, 5H)-dione-5-yl}-N,N-diphenylbenzenamine] (TPA(DPP)), bis[{3-(thiophene-2-yl)-6-[5 ''-n-hexyl-(2,2'; 5',2 ''-terthiophene)-5-yl]2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl) pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H, 5H)-dione-5-yl}-p-phenylene]-benzenamine (TPA(DPP) 2' and tris[{3-(thiophene-2-yl)-6-[5 ''-n-hexyl-(2,2'; 5',2 ''-terthiophene)-5-yl]-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4(2H, 5H)-dione-5-yl}-p-phenylene]amine (TPA(DPP)(3)) has been designed and synthesized for use as donor materials in solution-processable organic solar cells. We describe the effect of modifying the molecular structure of the diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives on the electronic and optoelectronic properties and the photovoltaic properties of the materials for OPV applications. Under optimized conditions, the DPP-based oligomers show power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for the OPVs in the range 0.68-1.50% under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm(2)). Among the three oligomers, the star shaped TPA(DPP)(3) shows a power conversion efficiency of 1.50% with a short circuit current of 5.44 mA/cm(2), a fill factor of 0.44, and an open circuit voltage of 0.63 V.</P>

Rational design of the S,N-heteroacene-based nonfullerene by introducing the fluorine atom for efficient high-performance organic solar cells

Sora Oh,Mufarah Amjad,Taek Ahn,Sang Kyu Lee 대한화학회 2023 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.44 No.5

Abstract Fluorination has been established as an effective structural modification strategy to influence properties and has attracted attention in organic solar cells. Here, we design and synthesize three fused-ring electron acceptors based on ladder-type pentacyclic heteroacenes as the electron-rich unit and 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanones with 0–2 fluorine substituents as the electron-deficient units. Among these three molecules, two fluorine substituents nonfullerene acceptor, DTP-2F exhibit strong absorption with high extinction coefficients and deep HOMO and LUMO level as compared with DTP-0F and DTP-1F. Device studies show that fluorinated nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) lead to reduced VOC but increased JSC and FF, and therefore, the ultimate influence to efficiency depends on the compensation of VOC loss and gains of JSC and FF. Furthermore, fluorination affect to film morphology and miscibility between donor and acceptor. The fluorination of NFAs is one of the best design method of the donor and acceptor materials for efficient highperformance organic solar cell.

A thermally and mechanically stable solar cell made of a small-molecule donor and a polymer acceptor

Oh, Sora,Badgujar, Sachin,Kim, Da Hun,Lee, Wang-Eun,Khan, Nasir,Jahandar, Muhammad,Rasool, Shafket,Song, Chang Eun,Lee, Hang Ken,Shin, Won Suk,Lee, Jong-Cheol,Moon, Sang-Jin,Lee, Sang Kyu The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.5 No.30

<▼1><P>Highly efficient and stable BDT2TR:PNDI-2T organic solar cells are investigated. Although this system shows a PCE of 4.43%, significant enhancements are observed in the thermal stability, high thickness tolerance, and flexibility as compared with the PC71BM-based organic solar cells.</P></▼1><▼2><P>We performed systematic experiments based on a small molecule donor and a polymer acceptor containing a naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based polymer as compared with fullerene-based acceptor (PC71BM) solar cells. Among polymer acceptors, the NDI-based polymer (PNDI-2T) shows good properties such as broad light absorbance with a strong absorption co-efficient and a well oriented crystalline structure leading to high electron mobility. We monitored the photovoltaic properties of both PNDI-2T and PC71BM acceptors with a BDT2TR donor. Although the BDT2TR:PC71BM device showed a higher PCE of 8.20%, the BDT2TR:PNDI-2T device also showed remarkable photovoltaic results with a PCE of 4.43%, <I>V</I>OC of 0.86 V, <I>J</I>SC of 7.26 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, and FF of 71% indicating one of the highest efficiencies for small molecule donor and non-fullerene polymer acceptor systems. In particular, the PNDI-2T acceptor showed excellent thermal stability and intrinsic mechanical performance as compared with the PC71BM acceptor. To demonstrate the potential of the polymer acceptor for solar devices, we fabricated a device for testing thermal stability, high thickness tolerance, and the flexibility of the solar cell with bending stress. As a result, the PNDI-2T-based solar cell exhibited excellent thermal stability at 150 °C for 15 h and the PCE of the BDT2TR:PNDI-2T device with a thick active layer (around 610 nm) maintained 80% of its initial value. Moreover, the flexible device with the BDT2TR:PNDI-2T system retained its homogeneous morphology and showed maintained photovoltaic performance even after 100 bending cycles. Therefore, PNDI-2T based organic solar cells have good potential for application as flexible and portable real energy generators.</P></▼2>

mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens is critical for promoting resilience to chronic stress

Shin, Sora,Kwon, Obin,Kang, Jee In,Kwon, Somin,Oh, Sora,Choi, Jiwon,Kim, Chul Hoon,Kim, Dong Goo NATURE AMERICA 2015 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.7

Resilience to aversive events has a central role in determining whether stress leads to the development of depression. mGluR5 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, but the effect of mGluR5 activity on stress resilience remains unexplored. We found that mGluR5<SUP>−/−</SUP> (also known as Grm5<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice displayed more depression-like behaviors (for example, learned helplessness, social withdrawal and anhedonia) than control mice following exposure to various stressful stimuli. Lentiviral 'rescue' of mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) decreased these depression-like behaviors in mGluR5<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. In the NAc, ΔFosB, whose induction promotes stress resilience, failed to be upregulated by stress in mGluR5<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Notably, targeted pharmacological activation of mGluR5 in the NAc increased ΔFosB expression. Our findings point to an essential role for mGluR5 in promoting stress resilience and suggest that a defect in mGluR5-mediated signaling in the NAc may represent an endophenotype for stress-induced depression.

Structural and Morphological Transformations of In–MIL‐68‐Based Hexagonal Lumps to QMOF‐2‐Based Pointed Hexagonal Rods by Means of Destruction and Reconstruction Processes

Choi, Sora,Lee, Hee Jung,Kim, Taeho,Oh, Moonhyun WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 European journal of inorganic chemistry Vol.2014 No.36

<P>Simple thermal treatment of three-dimensional Kagome-like [In(OH)(BDC)](n) (In-MIL-68) hexagonal lumps in the presence of an extra amount of 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) induces structural and morphological transformations of the hexagonal lumps into three-dimensional quartz-structured [InH(BDC)(2)](n) (QMOF-2) pointed hexagonal rods. Transformation processes have been monitored by scanning electron microscopy to verify the destruction of the In-MIL-68-based hexagonal lumps and the simultaneous reconstruction of QMOF-2-based pointed hexagonal rods. We have also discovered the production of In-MIL-68-based hexagonal wires as early-stage kinetic products and the generation of QMOF-2-based pointed hexagonal rods as final-stage thermodynamic products from one-step solvothermal reaction of In(NO3)(3) with an excess amount of H2BDC.</P>

A Comprehensive Assessment of Tonality in Hindemith`s Third Piano Sonata (1936)

오소라 ( Oh Sora ) 한국피아노학회 2016 피아노음악연구 Vol.10 No.-

20세기 전반은 음악가를 포함한 모든 이들에게 굴곡이 많은 시간이었다. 여러 나라들이 더 많은 권력을 추구하고 변화에 적응하지 못하면서 생긴 극심한 정치항쟁, 그것에 영향 받은 많은 작곡가들이 전임자들과는 차별화된 새로운 비전을 제시하였고, 파울 힌데미트(Paul Hindemith: 1895 - 1963)는 그들을 이끄는 작곡가 중 하나였다. 힌데미트는 기존의 소나타 형식에 자신만의 조성에 관한 새로운 해석을 채워 넣으면서 기존 작곡가들과는 다르게 전통적이고 혁신적인 측면들을 모두 수용했다. 따라서, 그의 조성에 대한 해석은 과거를 이해함과 동시에 신고전학파 전통의 미래를 향해 진전한다. 이 논문은 힌데미트가 1936년에 작곡한 세 개의 피아노 소나타 중 마지막 작품인 피아노 소나타 제 3번의 조성에 관한 고찰을 다루었고, 특히 전통적인 으뜸음(Tonic)과 딸림음(Dominant)의 관계에 의존하지 않고 “이중 도음(double leading tone)”을 이용하는 조의 구성, 순차적 진행을 강조하여 만들어지는 종지, 또 섬세하게 다뤄진 음정관계로 특징되는 주제별 구간 등의 다양한 특성들을 집중적으로 살펴보고 있다. In the first half of the twentieth century, Paul Hindemith (1895-1963) is one of the leading composers who proposed a distinctive way of writing music that is beyond the scope of their predecessors. This thesis examines Hindemith`s Third Piano Sonata and aims to highlight its musical value in twentieth-century piano literature. Among abundant interesting ideas revealing in the sonata, this thesis specifically focuses on Hindemith`s unique handling of tonality and how he embedded it in a traditional sonata structure. Instead of a typical way of general analysis of the piece, this thesis concentrates on the specific topic, tonality, and processes a profound analysis on individual categories in regard to the topic. My analysis shows that the representation of the key scheme in this piece does not entirely resemble the traditional hierarchical, so-called tonic-dominant relationship. This key scheme illustrates Hindemith`s interpretation of tonality that the tonic retains its original function, but at the same time, all twelve tones are independent. In addition to the leading tone relationship that applies to this key scheme, there are various other features such as cadence, formation of thematic line, sequence, and occasional modality and atonality that would contribute to the comprehensive assessment of tonality in the Third Piano Sonata. An examination of some of the contents from Hindemith`s theoretical book The Craft of Musical Composition is presented to observe how the composer follows his own theoretical guidelines, and how significantly that action would enhance his interpretation of tonality.

Nanocarriers for Gene Delivery to Living Cells based upon a HIV1-TAT Peptide

Sora KANG,Jinha CHOI,Heesok KIM,Kwanwoo SHIN,Byungkeun OH 한국생물공학회 2009 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10