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Integrated numerical method for the prediction of wind turbine noise and the long range propagation
Son, E.,Kim, H.,Kim, H.,Choi, W.,Lee, S. Elsevier 2010 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.10 No.2
Characteristics of noise propagation from wind turbine have been studied by using the integrated numerical methods based on Ray theory. There are two numerical approaches in this paper. Those are constructing noise sources of wind turbine and computing the noise level on the ground. First of all, the flow fields around the wind turbine blade are calculated using Wind Turbine Flow, Aeroacoustics and Structure analysis (WINFAS). WINFAS is an unsteady vortex lattice methods based on potential flow. The results of flow analysis are used for predicting tonal noise, turbulence ingestion noise, and airfoil self noise. Tonal noise is induced by the displacement of fluid and loading fluctuation of the blade and those are predicted by Farassat 1A equation. Moreover, semi-empirical formulas are used for the prediction of broadband noise such as the airfoil self noise and turbulence ingestion noise. Before the beginning of the next step, the acoustic pressure is integrated at the each point of virtual acoustic sphere considering retarded time. It also represents the noise directivity on wind turbine. Then, the noise level on the ground has been predicted including the effects of air absorption, ground reflection and diffraction.
Quinone and its derivatives for energy harvesting and storage materials
Son, E.,Kim, J.,Kim, K.,Park, C. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.4 No.29
<P>In nature, quinone plays a vital role in numerous electrochemical reactions for energy transduction and storage; such processes include respiration and photosynthesis. For example, fast proton-coupled electron transfer between primary and secondary quinones in green plants triggers the rapid charge separation of chlorophyll molecules, achieving unparalleled photosynthesis with near-unity quantum yield. In addition, quinone-rich polymers such as eumelanin and polydopamine show unique optical and electrical properties (e.g., strong broadband absorbance or a switching response to external stimuli), mostly arising from their chemically disordered structures. Understanding the unique features of quinone and its derivatives can provide solutions to the construction of bio-inspired systems for energy harvesting and conversion. This paper reviews recent advances in the design of quinone-functionalized hybrid materials based on quinone's redox, electrical, optical, and metal chelating/reducing properties to determine these materials' applications in energy-harvesting and -storage systems, such as artificial photosynthetic platforms, rechargeable batteries, pseudocapacitors, phototransistors, plasmonic light harvesting platforms, and dye-sensitized solar cells.</P>
Catecholamine-functionalized graphene as a biomimetic redox shuttle for solar water oxidation
Son, E.,Kim, J.,Ko, J.,Park, C. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Faraday discussions Vol.198 No.-
<P>In natural photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy through a cascaded, photoinduced charge transfer chain that consists of primary and secondary acceptor quinones (i.e., Q(A) and Q(B)). This leads to an exceptionally high near-unity quantum yield. Inspired by the unique multistep architecture of charge transfer in nature, we have synthesized a catecholamine-functionalized, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) film as a redox mediator that can mimic quinone acceptors in photosystem II. We used polynorepinephrine (PNE) as a redox-shuttling chemical. We also used it to coat graphene oxide (GO) and to reduce GO to RGO. The quinone ligands in PNE, which are characterized by a charge transfer involving two electrons and two protons, acted as electron acceptors that facilitated charge transfer in photocatalytic water oxidation. Furthermore, PNE-coated RGO film promoted fast charge separation in [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) and increased the activity of cobalt phosphate on photocatalytic water oxidation more than two-fold. The results suggest that our bio-inspired strategy for the construction of a forward charge transfer pathway can provide more opportunities to realize efficient artificial photosynthesis.</P>
Titanium oxide Thin Film의 광화학적 성질의 연구
이송주 광주보건대학 1989 論文集 Vol.14 No.-
Photoeffect in TiO₂=x electrolyte junction has been Observed in the Wave-length range from 200 to 800mm. Photocurrent Peak appeared at 328~368mm, 538~543mm, 623~633mm, and 743~763mm regions, and those at 328~368mm were the largest. Photocurrent in the visible region was about One-hundredth of Photocurrent of the UV region.
Sone, Jin Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1999 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.2 No.2
Carbon dioxide gas production in maize, mixed with 0, 5 or 10% broken corn and foreign material(BCEM) and 0 or 100 adult maize weevils at 13, 16 or 19% moisture content(mc) was studied in 1.8 liter thermos containers which were held at 26.6$^{\circ}C$ and 60$\pm$5% r.h. for 80 days. $CO_2$ was measured at 7 day intervals using an infrared gas analyzer. At 13 or 16% mc, higher $CO_2$production was measured in infested maize than in uninfested maize, and BCFM did not significantly affect $CO_2$production. At 19% mc, $CO_2$production. At 19% mc, $CO_2$production was greatly increased regardless of the presence of insects and BCFM. $CO_2$produced over 12 weeks was 110-166g/kg. The number of live maige weevils after 80 days was 538 in 13% mc, 344 in 16% mc and 48 in the 19% mc Therefore, respiration of fungi such as Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus candidus and Aspergillus terreus other than that of insects appeared to more greatly influence $CO_2$production than did th insects at 19% mc The moisture content and presence of maize weevils were major factors affecting respiration during storage, but level of BCFM did not significantly affect $CO_2$production. The $CO_2$produced over 12 weeks was 135-17 g/kg in infested miaze at 13% and 136-144 g/kg at 16% mc.
Sone, Jin Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2000 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.3 No.2
Effect of Sitophilus zeamais Mostschulsky infestation on the heat changes of maitre at 13, 16, and 19% moisture content with 0, 5, and 10% broken com and foreign material was studied in 1.81 thermos containers Containers with infested and uninfested maitre were held in a chamber at 26.6$^{\circ}C$</TEX and 60$\pm$5% r.h. for 80 d. Temperatures were measured continuously using a datalogger system. At 13 and 16% moisture content, more grain heating was recorded in infested than in uninfested maize. Presence of Insects and moisture content level were major factors in grain heating during storage, Level of BCFM did not significantly affect the grain heating. At 19% moisture content, grain heating increased in all treatments. Heating appeared to be more related to microbial growth than to insect activity, and accumulated to 26.5-37 kj/kg maize at 3-4 wk. The growth of the maize weevil population was significantly affected by grain moisture content. The greatest number of offspring after 80 d was recorded in the 13% moisture content trial. At 19% moisture content, there were more dead than live insects.
Sone, Jin Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2001 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.4 No.1
Mold growth was determined in stored maize that was unifested and infested with Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) at 13%, 16%, or 19% initial Change to MC containing 0%, 5%, or 10% BCFM by weight. After 90 d storage of the maize in a vacuum bottle filler simulating the condition in a large bulk of storage at 26.6$^{\circ}C$ and 60$\pm$5% RH, Aspergillus glaucus was the most prevalent mold in all treatments. The level of A. glaucus infection was higher in the infested than in the uninfested maize at 13% MC. A. flavus was common in maize stored at 16% MC, and A. candidus and A. terreus were observed in the maize at 19% MC. At 13% MC the mean ergosterol levels, an indicator of mold growth, wer 3 times higher in the infested maize than in the uninfested maize. At 16% MC the infested maize contained 42.7-50.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/g of ergosterol, depending on BCFM content, whereas 35.4-37.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/g ergosterol was contained in the uninfested maize. At 19% MC the final ergosterol levels were nearly three times higher than at 16% MC, but the presence of S. zeamais did not affect the ergosterol level significantly. There was generally a positive relationship between the level of MC during storage and the number of damaged kernel observed after 80 d.