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Statutes for Semi-monastics: The Pravrajyā Section of the Pāpaparimocana
Iain SINCLAIR 동국대학교 불교학술원 2023 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.33 No.2
The rise of a semi-monastic class, whose members eschew full monastic vows while remaining part of a monastic community, is one of the last developments in South Asian Buddhism. An important point of reference for this development is a little-studied handbook of regulations, the Pāpaparimocana or Emancipation from Sin, also called Mañjuśrīpārājikā. Here the semi-monastic is defined as practicing “half of that” which is the religion of the bhikṣu. This article examines the relevant section of the Pāpaparimocana—its rules on ordination, the pravrajyākarmavidhi—in the light of a new witness that clarifies its social, doctrinal and historical background. The identification of a palm-leaf folio of the Sanskrit text locates the composition of the Pāpaparimocana to Nepal in the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries, well before the production of the paper manuscripts used in previous studies. The influence of Brahmanism on the semi-monastic Buddhism articulated in the Pāpaparimocana then turns out to be incidental rather than central. The Pāpaparimocana is also shown to codify aspects of Buddhism in Nepal that are observed and mandated in practice, such that its directives are, in effect, statutes that apply within this milieu. These findings are supplemented with a new edition and annotated translation of the Pāpaparimocana’s pravrajyā section.
Nathalie Sinclair,David Pimm 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2015 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.9 No.3
In this paper, we explore a richer sense of finger gnosis (finger knowledge) with respect to three- and four-year-olds’ interactions with a novel iPad application (TouchCounts), focusing on their responses to an “inverse subitising” task. The direct and tactile nature of their engagement with TouchCounts leads to a striking shift from incrementing using the index finger to deployment of several fingers all-at-once (in a cardinal touch gesture) to achieve a given target number that is then spoken by the iPad. This form of finger representation differs from the more ordinally-based differentiation of fingers that is discussed in the psychology literature.
INVESTING IN EMERGING MARKETS: AN ANALYSIS AT COUNTRY, INDUSTRY AND COMPANY LEVELS
C Donald Sinclair,A Alasdair Lonie,David M Power,Suzanne G M Fifield People&Global Business Association 1999 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.4 No.1
Over the last decade a number of studies have examined the costs and benefits of investing in equities traded in emerging markets. Many of these studies have focused on aggregate index data supplied by the IFC. By contrast, the present investigation employs disaggregated weekly returns data for the top 20 shares, by market value, from 17 emerging markets between 1991 and 1996. It examines the possible gains from international diversification into these markets and determines whether knowledge of the country in which a selected company is located is more important than knowledge of the industry in which it operates.
조립식(Ready-to-assemble , RTA)가구:미국시장 및 자재사용 경향
Steven A. Sinclair,Mark W. Trinka,William G. Luppold 한국가구학회 1990 한국가구학회지 Vol.1 No.1
RTA 家具生産의 重要性을 보다 잘 理解하기 위하여 販賣率 伸張, 市場實態 및 資材使用 傾向이라는 側面에서 그 製造業者들에 대한 設問調査가 遂行되었다. 販賣律은 扱速하게 伸張되어 1986-1987까지 24%, 1987-1988까지는 17% 신장을 이룩했으며 將來에는 더욱 급속한 신장을 이룰 것으로 豫想된다. RTA 家具販賣는 주로 製造業體의 代理店 및 傘下의 販賣全擔斑에 이루어지며 賣出의 대부분은 家具專門/生活用品店, 廚房用品店 및 많은 소매상을 거느리고 있는 割引 大買場 통해 소매인으로 이어진다. 調査應答者들 대부분은 가치 및 질적인 면에서 그들은 製品을 評價하였으며 반면에 事後管理나 價格과 관련된 特徵은 크게 중요시 하지 않았다. 응답자들은 構造用 파티클보드, 木材 化粧單板, 闊葉樹 제재목, 中比重 화이버보드 및 高比重 積層材등의 材料가 1989-1990년에 RTA 家具用으로 가장 급속하게 신장하는 原料가 될 것으로 豫想하였다. RTA 家具市場은 高級 品質의 것을 追究하는 傾向이 있고 목재 화장단판 및 활엽수 제재목의 使用은 고품질의 RTA 가구를 製造하기 위한 것과 關聯되어 있다.
강성관,고대홍,Robert Sinclair 한국세라믹학회 2004 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.41 No.9
We investigated the effects of SiH4 gas on the surface of Hf-silicate films during the deposition of polycrystalline (poly) Si films and the thermal stability of sputtered Hf-silicate films in poly Si/Hf-silicate structure by using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hf-silicate films were deposited by using DC-magnetron sputtering with Hf target and Si target and poly Si films were deposited at 600oC by using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) with SiH4 gas. After poly Si film deposition at 600oC, Hf silicide layer was observed between poly Si and Hf-silicate films due to the reaction between active SiH4 gas and Hf-silicate films. After annealing at 900oC, Hf silicide, formed during the deposition of poly Si, changed to Hf-silicate and the phase separation of the silicate was not observed. In addition, the Hf-silicate films remain amorphous phase.