아동의 行態的 特性을 고려한 住居 變容과 計劃에 관한 연구

강순덕,최윤식,박시환 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.53 No.-

주거문화는 생활에 필요한 기능과 사회문화적 경향에 영향을 받은 사회적 특성 및 개인적 특성이 내포됨으로서 상징화된다. 본 연구에서 다루는 주거개념의 변화를 주도하는 근거로서 가족의 생활형태는 사회적인 변화와 개인적인 가치의 표현정도에 의해 공간으로 실체화된다. 특히 가족의 구성원 중 아동의 행태는 나이, 가족수, 주거 규모, 부모의 교육정도 등과 같은 비교적 명확한 영향력에 의해 변화될 수 있으며, 주거문화의 변화를 주도하는 구성원으로 성장하는 인과적 결과를 낳게 된다. 그러므로 아동 공간의 계획은 성인의 공간계획과는 차별화된 접근이 필요하며, 계획적 요소들은 성인과 대등한 입장에서 분석되어야 한다. 즉 프라이버시, 취미, 영역성, 자기관리 등의 사회적, 개인적 가치를 충분히 배려하여야 하고 이를 통해 주거내의 공간적 특성인 규모와 위치, 내부장식, 다른 기능실들과의 관계 등을 종합적으로 고찰하여 설계에 반영하여야 한다. Housing culture was symbolized as emphasis on personality and trend of social value to complex functions and fashion. A study about family's behavior, as main reasons for changing ideas of housing, is to find the results, the process of social changes, and the personal values to represent residential spaces. Behaviors of children can be transformed by age, family number, housing plan, parents' education, etc. Schemes for children room has privacy, taste, territory, and self control, etc. And, the relationships between parents and children can be strengthened, independent or become familiar by the sizes, locations, spatial relations, and decorations of interior spaces.

Whole genome sequence of a Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain SiA1 isolated from a Pterocirrus species in the Antarctic Ocean

Kyuwon Jeon(전규원),Sia Kang(강시아),Young Jun Lee(이영준),Dockyu Kim(김덕규),Eungbin Kim(김응빈) 한국미생물학회 2022 미생물학회지 Vol.58 No.2

Genetic Characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Samples of Slaughtered Animals during 2003-2008 in Korea

Sia Kang,Heui Jin Kim,Suk Kyung Lim,Kichan Lee,Dong Chan Moon,Hee Soo Lee,Hyang Mi Nam 대한수의학회 2015 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.-

The Decontamination of the Surface Oxide Layer of Radioactively Contaminated Tank

Sia Hwang,Ki Joon Kang,Hee Reyoung Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2021 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2021 No.11

The Characteristics of Solidified Sludge According to the Distribution of Ferro Frit Powder in Sludge

Ki Joon Kang,Sia Hwang,Hee Reyoung Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

In nuclear power plant, there were many contaminated tanks dispose of radioactive fluid waste. These tanks are made of stainless-steel, and corrosion can occur when tanks are exposed to radioactive fluid waste containing moisture for a long time. Therefore, those sludge waste including radionuclide should be collected, solidified, and disposed of. If sludge can be melted, sludge can be easily solidified. However, melting points of sludge components (Fe2O3, NiO, Cr2O3) are very high as 1565, 1955, and 2435 , respectively. Therefore, melting sludge is difficult. If a solidification auxiliary material such as cement or asphalt is used to help solidify, solidification can easily occur, but cement and asphalt are vulnerable to heat. Vitrification using glass material can be solidification method, but the waste loading ratio of glass material is higher than 50%. High waste loading ratio is weakness in terms of volume reduction of waste. In this study, ferro frit powder (Na2O, K2O, CaO, Al2O3, B2O3, SiO2, ZnO) is used as solidification auxiliary material. When ferro frit powder mixed with sludge material are melted in sludge material, melted ferro frit powder can stick sludge material and can solidify sludge material without melting. Sludge can be solidified by using ferro frit powder with a smaller waste loading ratio than the vitrification method. However, since the waste loading ratio of the solidification auxiliary material is small, if ferro frit powder is not uniformly distributed between sludge powder, solidification may not be performed properly. Although the mixing ratio between sludge and ferro frit in solidified sludge is same, when the distribution of ferro frit powder in sludge is non-homogeneous, the difference in chemical and physical characteristics as compressive strength and leaching resistance can be observed in solidified sludge. As the ferro frit mixing ratio in the site where ferro frit exists was relatively high, the melting point of the mixed powder (sludge+ferro frit) decreased, and the mixed powder could not maintain its shape and melted. In the case of the area where ferro frit does not exist, since only the stainless-steel oxide sludge exists, sludge was not melted, and the shape was maintained. However, it was confirmed that the leaching resistance was lowered by visually observing the color change of the leachate within a short period of time (about 2 hours) when solidified sludge was immersed in the leachate.

Reinforce on Leaching Resistance of Solidified Cement by Hot Isostatic Press

Ki Joon Kang,Sia Hwang,Hee Reyoung Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2021 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2021 No.06

The Solidification of Radioactive Sludge Powder Based on Metallic Oxide and Ferro Frit Powder by Hot Isostatic Pressing

Ki Joon Kang,Sia Hwang,Hee Reyoung Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1

The mixing powder of vitrification material and metallic oxide sludge was solidified by hot isostatic press method and was tested to check whether the solidified waste disposal acceptance criteria were met or not. From various contaminated tank in nuclear power plants, and other nuclear energy facilities, radioactive sludge based on metallic oxide can be generated. The most of tank consist of stainless steel can be oxidated by the long-term exposure on oxygen and moisture, and then can be made sludge layer based on metallic oxide on the inner wall of contaminated tank. Radioactive sludge waste should be solidified and disposed. Melting and hardening is the most basic method for solidification. The melting points of metallic oxide of stainless steel as Fe3O4, NiO, Cr2O3 are 1597, 1955, 2435, respectively. Those are very high temperature. To melt these metallic oxides, a furnace capable of raising the temperature to a very high temperature is required, which requires a lot of thermal energy, which may lead to an increase in disposal cost. Therefore, it is necessary to lower the melting point and solidify non-melted metallic oxide powder by adding vitrifying material powder as Na2O, SiO2, B2O3. The more vitrification material is added, the easier it is to solidify the sludge based on metallic powder at a low temperature, but there is a problem in that the total waste volume increases due to the addition of vitrification material. In this study, the mixing ratio and temperature conditions that can fix the sludge while adding a minimum amount of vitrification material will be confirmed. Mixing ratio conditions of the vitrification material and sludge powder are 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, 25:75. To fix the metallic oxide sludge by melting only the vitrification material without completely melting the metallic oxide, compression by external pressure is required. Therefore, the HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) method was used to solidify the metallic oxide sludge by simultaneously heating and pressurizing it. Because the softening points of most of vitrification based on Na2O, SiO2, B2O3 are ranged from 800 to 1000, temperature conditions are 800, 900, 1000. Since the compressive strength for disposing of the solidified materials was 3.4 MPa, the maximum pressure condition was set to 5000 psi (about 34 MPa), which is 10 times 3.4 MPa. And optimal mixing ratio, temperature, pressure conditions that meet the solidified waste disposal acceptance criteria will be found.

Vitrification Analysis of Washing Sludges From Stainless Steel Tank Using Hot Isostatic Press & High-Temperature Furnace

Jaeho Lee,Hee Reyoung Kim,Ki Joon Kang,Sia Hwang 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1

The optimum vitrification conditions of the radioactive waste using high-temperature furnace and HIP (Hot Isostatic Press) were studied for the successful reduction of the solidification volume, radioactive level, satisfying the disposal criteria such as leaching rate and compressive strength. Vitrification is receiving attention for the solidification disposal of intermediate and low-level radioactive wastes for its chemical-physical stability and leachability. Its principle is to trap the radioactive material in a fixed structure of the glass type materials, such as Boron Trioxide, Silicon Dioxide and Phosphorus Pentoxide. Sludge targeted in this study is assembly of materials while sludge is stored in the stainless-steel tank before disposal, which consists of Fe3O4 (14.9wt%), Fe2O3 (3.8wt%), and Cr2O3 (6.3wt%), cement paste (25wt%) and detergent/shower sludge (50wt%). The detergent/shower sludge generated from the washing the clothes that were worn during the work at the laboratory and nuclear power plant contains organic materials that are vulnerable to chemical reactions, therefore, immobilization of organic material by the incinerating step, which can also immobilize the radioactive substance, was applied. Its composition – containing Cs-133 and Co-59 substitution for Cs-134 and Co-60 that are radioactive – was analyzed by XRD before and after the mineralization of the sludge using high temperature furnace in different temperature, to identify the remaining element and the features of the mineralized sludge. Targeted sludge was vitrificated using Hot Isostatic Press in with different pressure and temperature conditions, to find out the optimum vitrification conditions. Vitrificated waste was evaluated in many aspects - leaching evaluation following ANS16.1, compressive strength evaluation of 3.44 MPa (waste disposal criteria), volume reduction before and after the sequence.