Extraction of valuable components from coal gangue through thermal activation and HNO3 leaching

Shuang Shao,Baozhong Ma,Chengyan Wang,Yongqiang Chen 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.113 No.-

Coal gangue has the dual attributes of hazard and resource. With the increasing awareness of resourcesconservation and ecological sustainability, the high-value utilization of coal gangue has attracted activeattention. In this research, thermal activation followed by HNO3 leaching were performed to extract valuablecomponents from coal gangue. Firstly, the activation behavior and phase transformation mechanismduring thermal activation were revealed through the Gibbs free energy calculation and experimentalresearch. After activation, inert kaolinite was converted to active metakaolinite. Subsequently, thepotential-pH diagrams analyses confirmed that the strategy of extracting Al, Ga, and Li into the leachliquor while precipitating Fe into the leach residue was feasible. Meanwhile, systematic leaching experimentsshowed that 95.2% of Al, 56.4% of Ga, and 80.5% of Li were extracted, while only 2.1% of Fe wasdissolved at the optimal conditions. The leaching behavior of each component agreed well with the thermodynamicanalysis. Finally, the raw ore, activated product, and leach residue were analyzed via a suiteof characterization techniques. In contrast to the raw ore and activated product, the leach residue hadlarge BET surface area and high available Si content, and was a promising Si fertilizer source. This studyprovides a useful reference for the high-value utilization of coal gangue.

RNAi-based Knockdown of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 1 is Sufficient to Reverse Multidrug Resistance of Human Lung Cells

Shao, Shu-Li,Cui, Ting-Ting,Zhao, Wei,Zhang, Wei-Wei,Xie, Zhen-Li,Wang, Chang-He,Jia, Hong-Shuang,Liu, Qian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24

Up-regulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is regarded as one of the main causes for multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumor cells, leading to failure of chemotherapy-based treatment for a multitude of cancers. However, whether silencing the overexpressed MRP1 is sufficient to reverse MDR has yet to be validated. This study demonstrated that RNAi-based knockdown of MRP1 reversed the increased efflux ability and MDR efficiently. Two different short haipin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting MRP1 were designed and inserted into pSilence-2.1-neo. The shRNA recombinant plasmids were transfected into cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum-resistant A549 lung (A549/DDP) cells, and then shRNA expressing cell clones were collected and maintained. Real time PCR and immunofluorescence staining for MRP1 revealed a high silent efficiency of these two shRNAs. Functionally, shRNA-expressing cells showed increased rhodamine 123 retention in A549/DDP cells, indicating reduced efflux ability of tumor cells in the absence of MRP1. Consistently, MRP1-silent cells exhibited decreased resistance to 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and DDP, suggesting reversal of MDR in these tumor cells. Specifically, MRP1 knockdown increased the DDP-induced apoptosis of A549/DDP cells by increased trapping of their cell cycling in the G2 stage. Taken together, this study demonstrated that RNAi-based silencing of MRP1 is sufficient to reverse MDR in tumor cells, shedding light on possible novel clinical treatment of cancers.

Predictive current controller and compensator‑based discrete current controller for single‑phase bridge inverters

Jinghua Zhou,Shuang Xu,Riming Shao,Liuchen Chang 전력전자학회 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.9

Transfer efficiency and power quality are two critical factors when it comes to grid-connected distributed generation systems. Single-phase inverters are commonly used in distributed generation systems under 10 kilowatts as the connection between the gird and renewable energy sources (RESs). In this application, grid current distortion plays a pivotal role in determining inverter performance. In this article, an improved current control strategy based on a predictive current controller (PCC) and a compensator is presented to decrease current harmonic distortion and increase power quality. The controller design method inspects a single-phase inverter system as a digital platform, and designs the controller in discrete time in order to obtain a more precise and effective controller than that in continuous time. The discretization procedures using sampling and hold (S&H) are taken into consideration in the design process. The improved current controller is a DSP-based digital current controller for grid-connected single-phase bridge inverters, whose performance is optimized by considering the time delay caused by analog–digital conversion (ADC) and computations. A comparison has been made to analyze the performance of the single-phase grid-connected inverter system with PCC and ICC. Experimental results are shown to validate the effectiveness of the designed current controller.

PVDF/PS/HDPE/MWCNTs/Fe3O4 nanocomposites: Effective and lightweight electromagnetic interference shielding material through the synergetic effect of MWCNTs and Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Ling-yan Li,Shuang-lin Li,Yan Shao,Rui Dou,Bo Yin,Ming-bo Yang 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.4

In this work, Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)/polystyrene (PS)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) ternary blends displayed a core-shell structure where HDPE was the core, PS was the shell, and this core-shell system dispersed in PVDF matrix. Here, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) was incorporated. F-F composites with MWCNTs was in PS shell and Fe3O4 was in PVDF matrix and E-F composites with MWCNTs was in PS shell and Fe3O4 was in HDPE core were fabricated by melt blending. It was indicated that the core-shell morphology between PS and HDPE was well retained with the incorporation of Fe3O4 and MWCNTs. Both the electrical conductivity of F-F and E-F composites were similar without no obvious change with the incorporation of Fe3O4. Composites with greater than 20 dB shielding effectiveness were easy to obtain. The highest SE we observed was for the F-F composite with 1 vol% Fe3O4 and 1 vol%MWCNTs was 25 dB at 9.5 GHz, and the SE was over 20 dB in the whole measured frequency(X-band). The E-F composites with SE greater than 20 dB in X-band was at 2 vol% Fe3O4 and 1 vol% MWNCTs. Such effective and lightweight nanocomposites were obtained, resulting from the synergetic effect of MWCNTs and Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

자유주제 : 조선 사신들의 눈에 비친 明末(명말) 山東(산동)의 사회 풍속 일면 고찰 -海路(해로) 朝天日記(조천일기)와 漢詩(한시)를 중심으로-

유보전 ( Bao Quan Liu ),소쌍쌍 ( Shuang Shuang Shao ) 동방한문학회 2014 東方漢文學 Vol.0 No.61

명나라 말기에 조선 사신들은 海路와 山東을 거쳐 北京에 와서 조공하였다. 그들이 남긴 朝天錄에는 당시 명나라 사회의 남녀 복식, 머리 장식품, 여성의 화장과 纏足 등 풍속과 풍습이 여실히 기록되었다. 朝天錄에는 명나라의 복식이 지나치게 화려하고 사치스럽고 새로운 양식도 나타났다고 기록되었다. 예를 들면, 남녀 복식의 길이의 변화, ‘左.’ 양식의 유행 등은 다 재래의 유교 예법을 타파하였다는 것이다. 이는 명나라 공식적인 복식 금령이 그 구속력을 상실하고 복식 풍속이 예법에 어긋나기 시작하며 ‘胡風’을 숭상하고 화려하고 사치스러움을 추구하는 풍조가 점차 더 심해졌음을 보여 준다. 조선 사신들은 이런 현상을 조선의 그것들과 비교하면서 복식 예법이 파괴된 天朝上國인 명나라에 대한 재래 인식을 점차 바꾸기 시작하였다. 명나라 말기에는 山東의 경제생산 풍속이 다양해졌다. 상품 경제는 번창하고 배금하는 풍조가 유행하여 문인 사대부나 고위 관리들도 이익을 추구하기 위하여 상업을 많이 하였다. 登州, 濟南과 德州 등 고을에는 市肆도 많고 술집과 청루도 많아 태평성세의 모습을 나타냈다. 그렇지만 전통적 사회 윤리는 이것으로 인해 커다란 교란을 받았다. 전통적인 복식 예법도 많이 파괴되었다. 다시 말해서 복식 풍속은 상업 경제의 발전과 밀접한 관계가 있다는 것이다. In the late Ming Dynasty, the Joseon Dynasty envoys made their pilgrimage to Beijing by sea and through Shandong, with their “travel notes” presenting a faithful account of clothing, headdress, makeup, and foot-binding at that time. In that record, the Ming Dynasty clothing was of extreme floridity and extravagance, as the changes in the length of clothing and popularity in the “left lapel” style breaking the Confucian ethical code. With the official clothing restrictions in the early Ming Dynasty losing its influence, there emerged an increasingly intensified phenomenon featuring the arrogation of the clothing custom and the advocation of the “Northern style”, beauty and luxury. The Joseon envoys made comparisons between these phenomena and their national clothing culture, leading to a change in the notion that the clothing system of the Ming Dynasty was on the brink of collapse. The economic production custom was characterized by diversity in Shandong in the late Ming Dynasty, featuring the commercial prosperity, money worship and rampant pursuit of commercial profits among scholars, celebrities and high-ranking officials. Markets, taverns, and brothels could be found everywhere in cities like Dengzhou, Jinan and Dezhou. The social climate took on a scenario of prosperity and virtuous custom, while the traditional ethics were under violent strike. Under a social climate of this kind, the traditional clothing etiquette was destroyed. Therefore, the change in the clothing custom and the development of commercial economy were inextricably fused.