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A Dominant Mutation in ARL2 Causes Impaired Adventitious Root Development in Rice
Shiping Liu,Yanhong Xue,Xiaofei Wang,Botao Zhang,Yuting Bi,Min Qiu,Guangxi Wang,Ping Wu 한국식물학회 2011 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.54 No.4
Adventitious roots are vital for water and nutrient assimilation by cereal crops because they comprise the bulk of the fibrous root system. We isolated and analyzed a rice mutant, adventitious rootless 2 (arl2), which failed to initiate adventitious root primordia during early development. Its seminal root produced fewer lateral roots than from the wild type. This mutant also exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes of longer and thicker seminal roots, a different morphology for the first leaf, delayed heading, and a greater tiller angle. Physiological experiments showed that exogenous auxin and ethylene could rescue adventitious root growth, a response opposite that for two previously reported mutants, arl1 and gnom1. Activity in the auxin signal pathway and the polar auxin transport system was normal for arl2. Compared with the wild type, arl2 plants showed enhanced sensitivity to ethephon but decreased sensitivity to AgNO_3, an inhibitor of ethylene. Genetics analysis demonstrated that this mutant is controlled by a single dominant gene; ARL2 was mapped within a 100-kb interval on the short arm of chromosome 2.
Overexpression of OsVP1 and OsNHX1 Increases Tolerance to Drought and Salinity in Rice
Shiping Liu,Luqing Zheng,Yanhong Xue,Qian Zhang,Lu Wang,Huixia Shou 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.53 No.6
Drought and salinity are major abiotic stresses affecting rice production. To improve plant tolerance to salinity and drought, we overexpressed rice Na+/H+ exchangers (OsNHX1) and H+-pyrophosphatase in tonoplasts (OsVP1) in a japonica elite rice cultivar, Zhonghua 11. Compared with our wild-type control, transgenic plants overexpressing both genes incurred less damage when exposed to long-term treatment with 100 mM NaCl or water deprivation. Under high-saline conditions, the transformants accumulated less Na+ and malondialdehyde in the leaves,thereby allowing the plants to maintain a low level of leaf water potential and reduce stress-induced damage. Those transgenics also had higher photosynthetic activity during the stress period. Under those conditions, they also showed an increase in root biomass, which enabled more water uptake. These results suggest that OsVP1 and OsNHX1 improve the tolerance of rice crops against drought and salt by employing multiple strategies in addition to osmotic regulation.
Jiping Liu,Shuyuan Wang,Liang Feng,Dongying Ma,Qiang Fu,Yu Song,Xiaobin Jia,Shiping Ma 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.7
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is one of the severe complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Paeonol, an active compound isolated from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa, has significant antidiabetic activity in vivo. However, its underlying beneficial effects on DE were unclear. In the present study, the protective activity of paeonol on DE was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Paeonol at 50 and 100mg/kg significantly increased body weight and decreased blood glucose levels, glycosylated serum proteins, and serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels. Immunohistochemistry assays and Western blot analysis revealed a significant decrease in expressions on receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-jB) in hippocampus and cerebral cortical neurons after paeonol treatment. Furthermore, paeonol significantly increased glutathione content and remarkedly decreased induced nitric oxide synthase activity in hippocampus tissue. Our findings indicated that paeonol could improve the pathological damage of DE in STZ-induced diabetic rats. It might be associated with the modulating AGEs/RAGE/NF-jB pathway. This study suggested that paeonol might be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of DE.
Congfang Hu,Gaode Geng,Xianxian Liu,Shiping Yang,Xinzi Tang 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.4
Multistage planetary gear transmission has a large speed ratio, compact structure and large load capacity in engineering practice. However, its vibration affects the performance and reliability of the transmission, especially under a stochastic load condition with different dynamic characteristics. In this context, the dynamic behavior of a four-stage planetary gear transmission system is investigated using the lumped-parameter model. First, the translation-torsion dynamics model of the multistage planetary gear transmission system is established. Then, the natural frequency and the effect of meshing stiffness and component mass on the natural frequency are investigated. Further, the dynamics equation of the planetary gear transmission system is solved by the Runge–Kutta method, and the damped dynamic response with an equivalent load and the dynamic responses with stochastic loads are analyzed. Notably, the displacement amplitude increases with the increment of the stochastic load. In addition, the frequency domain response under 50%, 75%, 100% and 120% of the equivalent torque are studied. Lastly, a test rig is built for a yaw drive in a wind turbine with the four-stage planetary gear transmission system, and the vibration of the ring gear of the second stage and output shaft are tested with 50%, 75%, 100% and 120% of equivalent load. The experiment results verify the correctness of the theoretical dynamic model of the multistage planetary gear transmission system.