Evaluation of body heating protocols with graphene heated clothing in a cold environment

Shin, Sora,Choi, Hae-Hyun,Kim, Yung Bin,Hong, Byung-Hee,Lee, Joo-Young Emerald (MCB UP ) 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLOTHING SCIENCE AND TECH Vol.29 No.6

Cytotoxic activity of broussochalcone a against colon and liver cancer cells by promoting destruction complex-independent β-catenin degradation

Shin, Sora,Son, Younglim,Liu, Kwang-Hyeon,Kang, Wonku,Oh, Sangtaek Elsevier 2019 Food and chemical toxicology Vol.131 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Aberrant activation of β-catenin-response transcription (CRT) is a well-recognized characteristic of colorectal and liver cancers and thus a potential therapeutic target for these malignancies. <I>Broussonetia papyrifera</I> (paper mulberry) has been used as a herbal medicine to treat various diseases. Using a sensitive cell-based screening system, we identified broussochalcone A (BCA), a prenylated chalcone isolated from <I>Broussonetia papyrifera</I>, as an antagonist of CRT. BCA accelerated the turnover of intracellular β-catenin that was accompanied by its N-terminal phosphorylation at Ser33/37/Thr41 residues, marking it for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β could not abrogate BCA-mediated degradation of β-catenin. BCA decreased the intracellular β-catenin levels in colon and liver cancer cells with mutations in β-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli, and Axin. BCA repressed the expressions of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and Axin2, which are β-catenin/T-cell factor-dependent genes, and thus decreased the viability of colon and liver cancer cell. Moreover, apoptosis was elicited by BCA, as indicated by the increase in the population of Annexin V-FITC positive cells and caspase-3/7 activities in colon and liver cancer cells. These findings indicate that BCA exerts its cytotoxic effects by promoting phosphorylation/ubiquitin-dependent degradation of β-catenin and may potentially serve as a chemopreventive agent for colonrectal and liver cancers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> BCA is a specific antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. </LI> <LI> BCA promotes β-catenin degradation protein <I>via</I> a destruction complex-independent mechanism. </LI> <LI> BCA represses β-catenin-dependent gene expression in colon and liver cancer cells. </LI> <LI> BCA decreases the viability of colon and liver cancer cells. </LI> <LI> BCA induces apoptosis in colon and liver cancer cells. </LI> </UL> </P>

mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens is critical for promoting resilience to chronic stress

Shin, Sora,Kwon, Obin,Kang, Jee In,Kwon, Somin,Oh, Sora,Choi, Jiwon,Kim, Chul Hoon,Kim, Dong Goo NATURE AMERICA 2015 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.7

Resilience to aversive events has a central role in determining whether stress leads to the development of depression. mGluR5 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, but the effect of mGluR5 activity on stress resilience remains unexplored. We found that mGluR5<SUP>−/−</SUP> (also known as Grm5<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice displayed more depression-like behaviors (for example, learned helplessness, social withdrawal and anhedonia) than control mice following exposure to various stressful stimuli. Lentiviral 'rescue' of mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) decreased these depression-like behaviors in mGluR5<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. In the NAc, ΔFosB, whose induction promotes stress resilience, failed to be upregulated by stress in mGluR5<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Notably, targeted pharmacological activation of mGluR5 in the NAc increased ΔFosB expression. Our findings point to an essential role for mGluR5 in promoting stress resilience and suggest that a defect in mGluR5-mediated signaling in the NAc may represent an endophenotype for stress-induced depression.

Does the hair influence heat extraction from the head during head cooling under heat stress?

SHIN, Sora,PARK, Joonhee,LEE, Joo-Young National Institute of Industrial Health 2015 Industrial health Vol. No.

<P>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of head hair on thermoregulatory responses when cooling the head under heat stress. Eight young males participated in six experimental conditions: normal hair (100–130 mm length) and cropped hair (5 mm length) with three water inlet temperatures of 10, 15, and 20°C. The head and neck of subjects were cooled by a liquid perfused hood while immersing legs at 42°C water for 60 min in a sitting position at the air temperature of 28°C with 30% RH. The results showed that heat removal from the normal hair condition was not significantly different from the cropped hair condition. Rectal and mean skin temperatures, and sweat rate showed no significant differences between the normal and cropped hair conditions. Heat extraction from the head was significantly greater in 10°C than in 15 or 20°C cooling (<I>p</I><0.05) for both normal and cropped hair, whereas subjects preferred the 15°C more than the 10 or 20°C cooling regimen. These results indicate that the selection of effective cooling temperature is more crucial than the length of workers’ hair during head cooling under heat stress, and such selection should be under the consideration of subjective perceptions with physiological responses.</P>

Optical properties of natural pyralspite garnets: The effect of electron beam irradiation

Sora Shin 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.8

Almandine, pyrope and spessartine garnets were investigated. The samples were irradiated with 10 MeV electron energy tofluencies of 2 × 1017 cm-2 for one hour. After irradiation, the Cr3+ ion absorption band decreased but the Fe2+ ion increased inthe UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of pyrope garnets. In the spessartine samples, the absorptionbands of Mn2+ decreased but Fe2+ increased. However, there was no significant change in the almandine garnet spectra. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to measure the changes in the electrovalence of the pyrope and spessartinegarnets after irradiation. Pyrope garnets exhibited two peaks, a peak near g~1.98 attributed to Cr3+ in the octahedral positionand a peak near g~2.01 attributed to Fe3+ in the octahedral position. Spessartine garnets had only one peak near g~2.04,attributed to Fe3+ in the octahedral position.

Effect of Triton X‑100 on the wheat and lettuce growth and contaminant absorption

Shin Sora,Jho Eun Hea,Park Han Sol 한국응용생명화학회 2021 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.64 No.3

This study was set to study the effects of surfactants on crops using Triton X-100, one of widely used surfactants for various purposes including agricultural uses, as a target surfactant. The effects of Triton X-100 on the growth of wheat and lettuce were studied and the germination and shoot growth of wheat were not significantly affected by Triton X-100. With lettuce, the increasing Triton X-100 concentrations tend to negatively affect the growth, possibly due to the absorption of Triton X-100 by lettuce. The average lettuce fresh mass was reduced by 31% when Triton X-100 concentration increased from 0 to 240 mg L− 1. This may mean that chemicals dissolved or mobilized by Triton X-100 can be absorbed by lettuce. The Cd mobilization was facilitated with Triton X-100, and the absorption of procymidone in soil by lettuce was greater when Triton X-100 was applied (i.e., 0.18 mg kg− 1) than when water was applied (i.e., 0.15 mg kg− 1), although they were statistically not different (p-value > 0.05). The average lettuce masses in the presence of residual procymidone in soil and Triton X-100 (16 g) were lower than that of the control soils (20 g), although they were statistically not different (p-value > 0.05). The results suggest that surfactants contained in pesticide formulations can potentially affect crop growth and absorption of other contaminants. Therefore, the residual surfactants and active ingredients in pesticide formulations need to be properly managed to protect the environment and to produce crops free of contaminants.

폭력물시청과 폭력목격이 청소년의 사이버불링과 학교폭력에 미치는 영향 - 자기통제력의 매개효과 -

신소라(Shin, Sora) 한국교정복지학회 2016 교정복지연구 Vol.- No.44

이 연구는 심각한 사회문제로 떠오르고 있는 청소년의 학교폭력과 사이버불링에 대하여 청소년의 폭력목격 및 폭력물시청 경험이 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이러한 영향에서 자기통제력의 매개효과에 대해 검증하였다. 학습이론에 따라 폭력에 대한 직·간접적 학습이 자기통제력과 함께 학교폭력과 사이버불링에 미치는 영향을 복합적으로 검증하여 청소년의 폭력예방을 위한 정책적 대안을 제시하는데 궁극적 목적이 있다. 이 연구의 모형에 따라 학교폭력과 사이버불링 예측변인을 검증한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년은 폭력목격을 많이 하고, 폭력물시청을 많이 할수록 학교폭력 및 사이버불링 가해행동을 할 가능성이 높아진다. 둘째, 매개변 인으로 사용된 자기통제력의 직접적인 영향을 살펴보면, 자기통제력이 낮을수록 학교폭력과 사이버불링 가해행동의 가능성도 높아진다. 셋째, 폭력목격과 폭력물 시청 모두 자기통제력을 매개로 하여 학교폭력과 사이버불링에 유의미한 영향을미친다. 이 연구가 가지는 의의를 살펴보면, 이 연구에서는 아직 검증이 이루어지지 않은 사이버불링에 대해 기존의 학교폭력과 함께 이론의 적용 가능하다는 결과를 보여주어 기존의 학교폭력 예방교육과 정책에 사이버불링의 예방교육을 접목시킬 수 있는 가능성을 제시한다. Traditional bullying and cyber-bullying has become a serious issue among the juvenile. Given this situation, this study aims to provide political implication on traditional-bullying and cyber-bullying prevention through quantitative research based on learning theory and general theory. Outcomes of the study are as followings. First, how often they witness of violence and watch of violence media affects their involvement on traditional-bullying and cyber-bullying. Second, self-control, the mediating variable, shows that it negatively affects traditional-bullying and cyber-bullying. Third, the mediation effect of self control is significant both witness of violence and watch of violence media. It implies that the theories which were to explain traditional bullying can be applied to explain cyber-bullying as well. Thus, it suggests possibility that grafting new efforts onto current policy and program can be a measure to prevent cyber-bullying.

난폭운전 및 보복운전의 피해위험요인 분석

신소라(Shin sora) 한국공안행정학회 2020 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.29 No.1

난폭운전과 보복운전으로 피해를 입게 되는 경우 직접적인 피해뿐만 아니라 주변의 운전자나 목격자, 보행자에게도 심리적, 신체적 피해가 발생할 수 있다. 도로에서 발생하는 다양한 위험상황들에 대한 연구가 이미 오래전부터 활발하게 진행되어 온 것과 비교하면 난폭운전 및 보복운전은 최근에서야 불법으로 자리 잡은 개념으로 이에 대한 연구 또한 거의 없다. 이 연구에서는 난폭운전과 보복운전이 단순히 도로에서 발생하는 우연한 상황이 아닌 범죄라고 생각하고 피해자의 측면에서 범죄피해이론에 근거를 두어 피해요인을 분석함으로써 이들의 피해와 피해로 인한 손해를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 피해자의 피해-가해 중첩이론과 생활양식이론에 근거하여 피해자의 개인적 특성과 운전습관, 단속경험 등의 요인을 분석한다. 분석결과를 요약하면, 난폭운전과 보복운전 피해위험요인을 분석한 결과를 보면 두 행위의 유사성은 물론 기존의 대인범죄 피해에서 나타나는 특징들을 찾아볼 수 있었다. 교통법규 단속경험과 난폭운전과 보복운전의 습관이 각각 피해의 위험요인으로 유의미한 영향을 나타내고 있었다. 이러한 결과는 오히려 난폭운전과 보복운전의 피해자들을 위해 오히려 더 간단하고 명료한 피해예방 대책을 가능하게 한다. 난폭운전과 보복운전의 피해자의 피해위험요인이 그들의 잘못된 운전습관에 일부 근거한다는 결과는 범죄피해이론이 처음 발표된 때처럼 피해자 비난의 문제를 유발할 수도 있지만, 피해를 예방하는데 명확한 방안을 제시할 수 있다는 것이 더욱 의미가 있다. Victimization caused by risky and aggressive driving can result in psychological and physical damage not only direct victim, but also to other drivers, witnesses, and pedestrians around them. Studies of the various hazards that occur while driving on the road have long been actively studied and the types of studies vary. In comparison, however, there is little academic study of risky and aggressive driving, as the concept of risky and aggressive driving has recently become perceived as illegal and has not been taken seriously by people. In this study, risky and aggressive driving is not just an accident occurring on the road, but a type of crime, and the victimization risk factors are analyzed based on victimology theory. It would be meaningful to analyze the risk factors of risky and aggressive driving by using survey data on victims. This study would like to suggest ways to reduce victimization and suffered by victims. To this end, factors such as the victim s personal characteristics, driving habits, and experience of penalty due to violation of traffic laws are analyzed based on the offender-victim overlap theory and lifestyle-exposure theory. In summary, the analysis results are as follows. An analysis of the risk factors of victimization from risky and aggressive driving shows the similarities between groups who experienced victimization from the two offenses. And the victim s character in conventional interpersonal crimes also appears. Experiences of penalty due to violation of traffic laws and the habit of risky and aggressive driving were each showing significant effects as risk factors for victimization. These results rather enable the presentation of simpler and clearer prevention of victimization measures for victims of risky and aggressive driving. The result that the victim risk factor of risky and aggressive driving victims is partly based on their poor driving habits may lead to problems of victim criticism, as was the case when the victimology was first published. However, it is all the more meaningful that we can provide a clear way to prevent victimization.

가정에서의 방임과 성적 학대가 대학생의 데이트폭력 가해행동에 미치는 영향

신소라(Shin Sora) 한국공안행정학회 2017 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.26 No.1

최근 데이트폭력은 가정폭력과 함께 심각한 사회적 문제로 다루어지고 있다. 이 연구는 데이터의 분석을 통해 데이트폭력의 적절한 예방방안을 제시하는데 궁극적 목적이 있다. 데이트폭력의 원인을 분석하기 위해 선행연구를 기반으로 다음과 같이 변수를 선정하였다. 가정요인과 폭력의 경험이 가정폭력의 원인으로 제시된 선행연구를 토대로 가정요인과 폭력허용도가 데이트폭력에도 적용할 수 있는가에 대한 검증을 하였다. 이를 위해 가정요인으로 부모로부터의 방임, 가정 내 성학대 경험을 설정하였으며, 매개요인으로 폭력허용도를 설정하였다. 이러한 모형에 따라 데이 트폭력 가해의 예측변인을 검증한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가정 내에서 부모로부터 방임을 경험하거나 성적 학대를 당한 경험이 많을수록 데이트폭력 가해의 가능성이 높아진다. 둘째, 매개변인으로 사용된 폭력허 용도가 데이트폭력 가해경험에 직접적으로 미치는 영향을 살펴보면 폭력허용도가 높을수록 데이트폭력 가해경험의 가능성도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 이 연구가 가지는 의의를 살펴보면, 이 연구에서는 아직 검증이 이루어지지 않은 데이트폭력의 위험요인에 대해 가정에서의 방임이나 성적 학대를 경험한 경우 데이트폭력의 가능성과 폭력허용도 모두 높아진다는 결과를 제시한다. 대학생에게 폭력에 관한 올바른 인식을 가질 수 있는 교육이 필요하겠다. Dating violence has become a serious issue among the couple along with traditional domestic violence. Given this situation, this study aims to provide political implication on dating violence prevention through quantitative research. The variables of this study have grounds on previous study that explain dating violence offence. neglect from parents, experience of sexual abuse from family member were adopted to explain negative family factors, and violence approval was set as a mediating variable. The model of this study examines how negative family factors and their violence approval affects offence of dating violence. Outcomes of the study are as followings. First, how often they experience neglect from parents or sexual abuse from family member affects their offence of dating violence. Second, violence approval, the mediating variable, shows that it positively affects offence of dating violence. It implies that the previous study which were to explain offence of domestic violence and other violence can be applied to explain offence of dating violence as well and student who experience more family abuse can have higher violence approval and more offence of dating violence. Thus, it suggest that new efforts onto current policy and program can be a measure to prevent dating violence include child of abuse from family member.

청소년 사이버불링에 영향을 미치는 긴장요인에 관한 연구

신소라(Shin Sora) 동국대학교 사회과학연구원 2016 사회과학연구 Vol.23 No.1

이 연구는 청소년의 문제행동으로 최근 심각한 문제가 되고 있는 사이버 공간에서의 괴롭힘인 사이버불링에 대하여 청소년이 일상생활에서 경험하는 긴장과 분노가 사이버불링에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 이 연구에서는 일상생활의 긴장으로 가족요인, 학교생활요인, 학교폭력 피해요인을 설정하였으며, 매개요인으로 분노를 설정하였다. 이러한 모형에 따라 사이버불링 예측변인을 검증한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년은 가족으로부터의 긴장과 학교폭력 피해로부터 긴장을 경험하는 빈도가 높을수록 사이버불링 가해행동을 할 가능성이 높아진다. 둘째, 매개변인으로 사용된 분노가 사이버불링 가해행동에 직접적으로 미치는 영향을 살펴보면 분노를 느끼는 빈도가 높을수록 사이버불링 가해행동의 가능성도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 이 연구에서 청소년의 일상생활 긴장으로 선정한 가족요인과 학교생활, 학교폭력피해요인 모두 분노를 발생시키는 원인으로 작용하였으며, 분노는 사이버불링 가해행동의 원인으로 작용하였다. 이 연구에서 제시한 긴장요인은 모두 분노를 매개로 하여 사이버불링가해행동의 가능성을 높이는 것으로 밝혀졌고, 학교생활로부터의 긴장은 사이버불링 가해행동에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않았음에도 불구하고, 분노를 매개로 하면 사이버불링 가해행동을 높이는 결과를 보여주고 있다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 이 연구가 가지는 의의를 살펴보면, 이 연구에서는 아직 검증이 이루어지지 않은 사이버불링에 대해 기존의 이론이 적용 가능하다는 결과를 제시함으로써 기존의 학교폭력 예방교육과 정책에 사이버불링의 예방교육을 접목시킬 수 있는 가능성을 제시한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between strain and cyberbullying among adolescents and to test the mediating effects of anger. Finally, it suggests theoretical and practical implications in terms of reducing cyberbullying. To examine the effect of strain on cyberbullying, the current study sets up the strain factors such as family strain, school strain, and school bullying victimization. Anger, the negative emotion formed by strain, was used as a mediation variable in this study. The findings are as follows: First, it is found that juveniles who have been experienced more strain in their family and traditional school bullying than others are more likely to become cyberbullying perpetrators. Second, In terms of the influence of anger on cyberbullying, the youths who have been experienced more anger than others are more likely to commit cyberbullying behaviors. Third, In this study, it is attempted to show that strain or stress experienced by an individual can manifest itself in problematic emotion like anger; futhermore, it finally leads to cyberbullying with mediation effect of anger. According to the findings, the current study provides empirical support that strain factors in GST also influence on cyberbullying behaviors, which is not yet examined fully. This study is meaningful since the survey is nationwide to examine the factors of influencing on juvenile cyberbullying behaviros in South Korea. It suggests appropriate preventive strategies for cyberbullying as well.